Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 6 Iúil 0 1898 1272904 1250958 2025-07-06T18:29:41Z Conradder 34685 /* Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo */ 1272904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''6 Iúil''' an 187ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 188ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 178 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Mhaláiv]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1964]]) agus Lá na Poblachta ([[1966]]) * [[Oileáin Chomóra]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]]) * [[Poblacht na Seice]] - Lá [[Jan Hus]] ([[1415]]) == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1796]] — [[Nioclás I na Rúise]], (b. [[1855]]) * [[1859]] — [[Verner von Heidenstam]], scríbhneoir Sualannach * [[1896]] — [[Máire Ní Ghuairim]], múinteoir, scríbhneoir, agus amhránaí Éireannach * [[1907]] — [[Frida Kahlo]], péintéir Meicsiceach * [[1916]] — [[Hugh Gibbons]], polaiteoir agus dochtúir Éireannach * [[1921]] — [[Nancy Reagan]], Céad-Bhean na Stát Aontaithe (b. [[2016]]) * [[1925]] — [[Bill Haley]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach * [[1925]] — [[Ruth Cracknell]], ban-aisteoir Astrálach * [[1926]] — [[Hartley Rogers, Jr.]], matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach * [[1929]] — [[Hélène Carrère d'Encausse]], staraí agus polaiteoir Francach * [[1936]] — [[Dave Allen]], fuirseoir (b. [[2005]]) * [[1937]] — [[Ned Beatty]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1940]] — [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]], Uachtarán na Casacstáine ó 1990 go 2019 * [[1940]] — [[Tove Skutnabb-Kangas]], teangeolaí Fionlannach * [[1946]] — [[George W. Bush]], Uachtarán Mheiriceá * [[1946]] — [[Sylvester Stallone]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1951]] — [[Geoffrey Rush]], aisteoir * [[1956]] — [[Jean-Paul Agon]], fear gnó Francach * [[1959]] — [[Danny Kennedy]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1961]] — [[Jonas Jonasson]], iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Sualannach * [[1963]] — [[Paul Girvan]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1975]] — [[50 Cent]], rapcheoltóir * [[1976]] — [[Rory Delap]], imreoir sacair * [[1977]] — [[Pearse Doherty|Piaras Ó Dochartaigh]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1987]] — [[Kate Nash]], ceoltóir Sasanach * [[1990]] — [[Jeremy Suarez]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1993]] — [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Chainnigh]], imreoir peil Ghaelach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1189]] — [[Anraí II Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1133]]) * [[1249]] — [[Alasdair II na hAlban]] (r. [[1198]]) * [[1854]] — [[Georg Ohm]], eolaí ón Ghearmáin (r. [[1789]]) * [[1885]] — [[Jonathan Pim (1806–1885)|Jonathan Pim]], politician (r. [[1806]]) * [[1893]] — [[Guy de Maupassant]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1850]]) * [[1902]] — [[Maria Goretti]], naomh Iodálach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1916]] — [[Odilon Redon]], péintéir Francach ((r. [[1894]]) * [[1958]] — [[John Esmonde, Bairnéad an 14ú]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1960]] — [[Aneurin Bevan]], polaiteoir Breatnach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1962]] — [[William Faulkner]], Scríbhneoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1970]] — [[Michael Sheridan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1896]]) * [[1971]] — [[Louis Armstrong]], 69, amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1901]]) * [[1974]] — [[Ambrose Victor Martin]], gníomhaí poblachtach Éireannach (r. [[1900]]) * [[1980]] — [[Gail Patrick]], ban-aisteoir agus léiritheoir teilifíse Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[1998]] — [[Roy Rogers]], aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[2003]] — [[Buddy Ebsen]], aisteoir agus damhsóir Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[2005]] — [[Claude Simon]], Scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1913]]) * [[2020]] — [[Ennio Morricone]], Cumadóir Iodálach (r. [[1928]]) * [[2022]] — [[James Caan]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1940]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1952]] - Cuireadh deireadh le seirbhís na d[[tram]]anna i [[Londain]] * [[1988]] - Bhris tine amach ar bhord rige ola an [[Piper Alpha]], [[an Mhuir Thuaidh]]. Maraíodh an 167 fear a bhí ar bord * [[2005]] - D'fhógair [[Coiste Idirnáisiúnta na gCluichí Oilimpeacha]] gur i [[Londain]] a reáchtáilfear na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha]] sa bhliain [[2012]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0706]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 06]] inqrtplsehx44n8tdpd0vx4mb25tikb 1272905 1272904 2025-07-06T18:32:31Z Conradder 34685 /* Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo */ 1272905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''6 Iúil''' an 187ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 188ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 178 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Mhaláiv]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1964]]) agus Lá na Poblachta ([[1966]]) * [[Oileáin Chomóra]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]]) * [[Poblacht na Seice]] - Lá [[Jan Hus]] ([[1415]]) == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1796]] — [[Nioclás I na Rúise]], (b. [[1855]]) * [[1859]] — [[Verner von Heidenstam]], scríbhneoir Sualannach (b. [[1940]]) * [[1896]] — [[Máire Ní Ghuairim]], múinteoir, scríbhneoir, agus amhránaí Éireannach (b. [[1964]]) * [[1907]] — [[Frida Kahlo]], péintéir Meicsiceach (b. [[1954]]) * [[1916]] — [[Hugh Gibbons]], polaiteoir agus dochtúir Éireannach (b. [[2007]]) * [[1921]] — [[Nancy Reagan]], Céad-Bhean na Stát Aontaithe (b. [[2016]]) * [[1925]] — [[Bill Haley]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1925]] — [[Ruth Cracknell]], ban-aisteoir Astrálach (b. [[2002]]) * [[1926]] — [[Hartley Rogers, Jr.]], matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2015]]) * [[1929]] — [[Hélène Carrère d'Encausse]], staraí agus polaiteoir Francach (b. [[2023]]) * [[1936]] — [[Dave Allen]], fuirseoir (b. [[2005]]) * [[1937]] — [[Ned Beatty]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1940]] — [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]], Uachtarán na Casacstáine ó 1990 go 2019 * [[1940]] — [[Tove Skutnabb-Kangas]], teangeolaí Fionlannach (b. [[2023]]) * [[1946]] — [[George W. Bush]], Uachtarán Mheiriceá * [[1946]] — [[Sylvester Stallone]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1951]] — [[Geoffrey Rush]], aisteoir * [[1956]] — [[Jean-Paul Agon]], fear gnó Francach * [[1959]] — [[Danny Kennedy]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1961]] — [[Jonas Jonasson]], iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Sualannach * [[1963]] — [[Paul Girvan]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1975]] — [[50 Cent]], rapcheoltóir * [[1976]] — [[Rory Delap]], imreoir sacair * [[1977]] — [[Pearse Doherty|Piaras Ó Dochartaigh]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1987]] — [[Kate Nash]], ceoltóir Sasanach * [[1990]] — [[Jeremy Suarez]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1993]] — [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Chainnigh]], imreoir peil Ghaelach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1189]] — [[Anraí II Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1133]]) * [[1249]] — [[Alasdair II na hAlban]] (r. [[1198]]) * [[1854]] — [[Georg Ohm]], eolaí ón Ghearmáin (r. [[1789]]) * [[1885]] — [[Jonathan Pim (1806–1885)|Jonathan Pim]], politician (r. [[1806]]) * [[1893]] — [[Guy de Maupassant]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1850]]) * [[1902]] — [[Maria Goretti]], naomh Iodálach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1916]] — [[Odilon Redon]], péintéir Francach ((r. [[1894]]) * [[1958]] — [[John Esmonde, Bairnéad an 14ú]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1960]] — [[Aneurin Bevan]], polaiteoir Breatnach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1962]] — [[William Faulkner]], Scríbhneoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1970]] — [[Michael Sheridan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1896]]) * [[1971]] — [[Louis Armstrong]], 69, amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1901]]) * [[1974]] — [[Ambrose Victor Martin]], gníomhaí poblachtach Éireannach (r. [[1900]]) * [[1980]] — [[Gail Patrick]], ban-aisteoir agus léiritheoir teilifíse Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[1998]] — [[Roy Rogers]], aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[2003]] — [[Buddy Ebsen]], aisteoir agus damhsóir Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[2005]] — [[Claude Simon]], Scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1913]]) * [[2020]] — [[Ennio Morricone]], Cumadóir Iodálach (r. [[1928]]) * [[2022]] — [[James Caan]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1940]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1952]] - Cuireadh deireadh le seirbhís na d[[tram]]anna i [[Londain]] * [[1988]] - Bhris tine amach ar bhord rige ola an [[Piper Alpha]], [[an Mhuir Thuaidh]]. Maraíodh an 167 fear a bhí ar bord * [[2005]] - D'fhógair [[Coiste Idirnáisiúnta na gCluichí Oilimpeacha]] gur i [[Londain]] a reáchtáilfear na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha]] sa bhliain [[2012]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0706]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 06]] srphentckskdesnll86ffr2j5cer0t2 1272911 1272905 2025-07-06T18:55:58Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1272911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''6 Iúil''' an 187ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 188ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 178 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Mhaláiv]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1964]]) agus Lá na Poblachta ([[1966]]) * [[Oileáin Chomóra]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]]) * [[Poblacht na Seice]] - Lá [[Jan Hus]] ([[1415]]) == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1796]] — [[Nioclás I na Rúise]], (b. [[1855]]) * [[1859]] — [[Verner von Heidenstam]], scríbhneoir Sualannach (b. [[1940]]) * [[1896]] — [[Máire Ní Ghuairim]], múinteoir, scríbhneoir, agus amhránaí Éireannach (b. [[1964]]) * [[1907]] — [[Frida Kahlo]], péintéir Meicsiceach (b. [[1954]]) * [[1916]] — [[Hugh Gibbons]], polaiteoir agus dochtúir Éireannach (b. [[2007]]) * [[1921]] — [[Nancy Reagan]], Céad-Bhean na Stát Aontaithe (b. [[2016]]) * [[1925]] — [[Bill Haley]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1925]] — [[Ruth Cracknell]], ban-aisteoir Astrálach (b. [[2002]]) * [[1926]] — [[Hartley Rogers, Jr.]], matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2015]]) * [[1929]] — [[Hélène Carrère d'Encausse]], staraí agus polaiteoir Francach (b. [[2023]]) * [[1936]] — [[Dave Allen]], fuirseoir (b. [[2005]]) * [[1937]] — [[Ned Beatty]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1940]] — [[Nursultan Nazarbaev]], Uachtarán na Casacstáine ó 1990 go 2019 * [[1940]] — [[Tove Skutnabb-Kangas]], teangeolaí Fionlannach (b. [[2023]]) * [[1946]] — [[George W. Bush]], Uachtarán Mheiriceá * [[1946]] — [[Sylvester Stallone]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1951]] — [[Geoffrey Rush]], aisteoir * [[1956]] — [[Jean-Paul Agon]], fear gnó Francach * [[1959]] — [[Danny Kennedy]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1961]] — [[Jonas Jonasson]], iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Sualannach * [[1963]] — [[Paul Girvan]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1975]] — [[50 Cent]], rapcheoltóir * [[1976]] — [[Rory Delap]], imreoir sacair * [[1977]] — [[Pearse Doherty|Piaras Ó Dochartaigh]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1987]] — [[Kate Nash]], ceoltóir Sasanach * [[1990]] — [[Jeremy Suarez]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1993]] — [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Chainnigh]], imreoir peil Ghaelach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1189]] — [[Anraí II Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1133]]) * [[1249]] — [[Alasdair II na hAlban]] (r. [[1198]]) * [[1854]] — [[Georg Ohm]], eolaí ón Ghearmáin (r. [[1789]]) * [[1885]] — [[Jonathan Pim (1806–1885)|Jonathan Pim]], politician (r. [[1806]]) * [[1893]] — [[Guy de Maupassant]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1850]]) * [[1902]] — [[Maria Goretti]], naomh Iodálach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1916]] — [[Odilon Redon]], péintéir Francach ((r. [[1894]]) * [[1958]] — [[John Esmonde, Bairnéad an 14ú]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1960]] — [[Aneurin Bevan]], polaiteoir Breatnach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1962]] — [[William Faulkner]], Scríbhneoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1897]]) * [[1970]] — [[Michael Sheridan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1896]]) * [[1971]] — [[Louis Armstrong]], 69, amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1901]]) * [[1974]] — [[Ambrose Victor Martin]], gníomhaí poblachtach Éireannach (r. [[1900]]) * [[1980]] — [[Gail Patrick]], ban-aisteoir agus léiritheoir teilifíse Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[1998]] — [[Roy Rogers]], aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1911]]) * [[2003]] — [[Buddy Ebsen]], aisteoir agus damhsóir Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[2005]] — [[Claude Simon]], Scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1913]]) * [[2020]] — [[Ennio Morricone]], Cumadóir Iodálach (r. [[1928]]) * [[2022]] — [[James Caan]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1940]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1854]] - Reáchtáil [[Páirtí Poblachtach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Páirtí Poblachtach]] na [[Stát Aontaithe]] a gcéad chomhdháil i [[Jackson, Michigan]]. * [[1942]] - Chuaigh [[Anne Frank]] agus a teaghlach dul i bhfolach * [[1947]] - Tosaíodh táirgeadh den [[AK-47]] san [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Aontas Sóivéadach]] * [[1952]] - Cuireadh deireadh le seirbhís na d[[tram]]anna i [[Londain]] * [[1957]] - Bhuail [[John Lennon]] agus [[Paul McCartney]] le chéile don chéad uair ag ''Woolton Fete'' * [[1962]] - Chraol [[RTÉ a hAon]] ''[[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|The Late Late Show ]]'' don chéad uair * [[1964]] - D'fhógair [[An Mhaláiv]] neamhspleáchas ón [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] * [[1966]] - D'éirigh [[An Mhaláiv]] ina poblacht * [[1975]] - D'fhógair [[Aontas Oileáin Chomóra]] neamhspleáchas ón [[an Fhrainc|Fhrainc]] * [[1988]] - Bhris tine amach ar bhord rige ola an [[Piper Alpha]], [[an Mhuir Thuaidh]]. Maraíodh an 167 fear a bhí ar bord * [[2005]] - D'fhógair [[Coiste Idirnáisiúnta na gCluichí Oilimpeacha]] gur i [[Londain]] a reáchtáilfear na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha]] sa bhliain [[2012]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0706]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 06]] c96vrde4fwspgh954unhkrc4og67677 7 Iúil 0 5764 1272971 1251030 2025-07-07T08:23:04Z Conradder 34685 /* Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo */ 1272971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''7 Iúil''' an 188ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 189ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 177 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Tansáin]] - Lá Saba Saba * [[An tSeapáin]] - Tanabata * [[Oileáin Sholaimh]] - Lá na Saoirse == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1476]] — [[Pápa Pól IV]], Pápa ó 1555 go 1559 * [[1752]] — [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]], ceapadóir Francach * [[1815]] — [[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué|Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué]], scríbhneoir Francach * [[1843]] — [[Camillo Golgi]], bitheolaí cille Iodálach * [[1884]] — [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], scríbhneoir Gearmánach * [[1907]] — [[Robert Anson Heinlein]], scríbhneoir (b.[[1988]]) * [[1921]] — [[Ezzard Charles]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1940]] — [[Ringo Starr]], drumadóir [[The Beatles]] * [[1941]] — [[Bill Oddie]], aisteoir Sasanach * [[1941]] — [[Michael Howard]], Polaiteoir de chuid an Pháirtí Choimeádaigh sa Ríocht Aontaithe * [[1952]] — [[Mando Guerrero]], coraí gairmiúil Meicsiceach * [[1963]] — [[Alister Jack]], polaiteoir Albanach * [[1965]] — [[Mo Collins]], aisteoir agus fuirseoir Meiriceánach * [[1968]] — [[Danny Jacobs]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1976]] — [[Hamish Linklater]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1990]] — [[John Nolan (damhsóir)|John Nolan]], damhsóir agus cóiréagrafaí Éireannach * [[1993]] — [[Ally Brooke]], amhránaí Meiriceánach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1304]] — [[Pápa Beinidict XI]] (r. [[1240]]) * [[1307]] — [[Éadbhard I Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1239]]) * [[1574]] — [[Giorgio Vasari]], ailtire, péintéir, agus scríbhneoir Iodálach (r. [[1511]]) * [[1797]] — [[Luis de Alburquerque de Melo Pereira y Cáceres]], oifigeach míleata Portaingéalach agus riarthóir coilíneachta (r. [[1759]]) * [[1816]] — [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]], 64, drámadóir Éireannach (r. [[1751]]) * [[1922]] — [[Cathal Brugha]], 47, réabhlóidí Éireannach (r. [[1874]]) * [[1930]] — [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], Scríbhneoir agus dochtúir Albanach (r. [[1859]]) * [[1960]] — [[Francis Browne]] shagart Íosánach agus grianghrafadóir (r. [[1880]]) * [[1968]] — [[Pete Latzo]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1973]] — [[Seán Mac Eoin]], polaiteoir agus saighdiúir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1976]] — [[Gustav Heinemann]], polaiteoir Gearmánach agus Uachtarán na Gearmáine ó 1969 go 1974 (r. [[1899]]) * [[1982]] — [[Tommy Loughran]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1984]] — [[Flora Robson]], ban-aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1989]] — [[James Carney]], Scoláire Ceilteach Éireannach (r. [[1914]]) * [[2006]] — [[Micheál Ó Domhnaill]], ceoltóir Éireannach (r. [[1952]]) * [[2006]] — [[Syd Barrett]], 60, ceoltóir (r. [[1946]]) * [[2021]] — [[Jovenel Moïse]], Uachtarán Háití (r. [[1968]]) * [[2023]] — [[Valerie Cowie]], síciatraí comhairleach Briotánach (r. [[1924]]) * [[2024]] — [[Hugh Geoghegan]], breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1938]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1969]] - Tugadh le fios ag ionchoisne gur báthadh [[Brian Jones]], iarghiotáraí an [[The Rolling Stones|Rolling Stones]], tar éis dó manglam de dhrugaí agus alcól a thógáil * [[1972]] - Thosaigh idirbheartaíocht faoi choim idir Rúnaí Stáit [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]] William Whitelaw agus an t[[An tIRA Sealadach|IRA]] * [[2005]] - Maraíodh 56 duine agus gortaíodh 700 eile tar éis ionsaí buamála ar an ngréasán iompair i [[Londain]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0707]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 07]] tloqrvufszb7egh0pjqhvnh1ire5xzx 1272973 1272971 2025-07-07T08:24:42Z Conradder 34685 /* Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo */ 1272973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''7 Iúil''' an 188ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 189ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 177 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Tansáin]] - Lá Saba Saba * [[An tSeapáin]] - Tanabata * [[Oileáin Sholaimh]] - Lá na Saoirse == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1476]] — [[Pápa Pól IV]], Pápa ó 1555 go 1559 (b. [[1559]]) * [[1752]] — [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]], ceapadóir Francach (b. [[1834]]) * [[1815]] — [[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué|Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué]], scríbhneoir Francach (b. [[1895]]) * [[1843]] — [[Camillo Golgi]], bitheolaí cille Iodálach (b. [[1926]]) * [[1884]] — [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], scríbhneoir Gearmánach (b. [[1958]]) * [[1907]] — [[Robert Anson Heinlein]], scríbhneoir (b.[[1988]]) * [[1921]] — [[Ezzard Charles]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1940]] — [[Ringo Starr]], drumadóir [[The Beatles]] * [[1941]] — [[Bill Oddie]], aisteoir Sasanach * [[1941]] — [[Michael Howard]], Polaiteoir de chuid an Pháirtí Choimeádaigh sa Ríocht Aontaithe * [[1952]] — [[Mando Guerrero]], coraí gairmiúil Meicsiceach * [[1963]] — [[Alister Jack]], polaiteoir Albanach * [[1965]] — [[Mo Collins]], aisteoir agus fuirseoir Meiriceánach * [[1968]] — [[Danny Jacobs]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1976]] — [[Hamish Linklater]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1990]] — [[John Nolan (damhsóir)|John Nolan]], damhsóir agus cóiréagrafaí Éireannach * [[1993]] — [[Ally Brooke]], amhránaí Meiriceánach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1304]] — [[Pápa Beinidict XI]] (r. [[1240]]) * [[1307]] — [[Éadbhard I Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1239]]) * [[1574]] — [[Giorgio Vasari]], ailtire, péintéir, agus scríbhneoir Iodálach (r. [[1511]]) * [[1797]] — [[Luis de Alburquerque de Melo Pereira y Cáceres]], oifigeach míleata Portaingéalach agus riarthóir coilíneachta (r. [[1759]]) * [[1816]] — [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]], 64, drámadóir Éireannach (r. [[1751]]) * [[1922]] — [[Cathal Brugha]], 47, réabhlóidí Éireannach (r. [[1874]]) * [[1930]] — [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], Scríbhneoir agus dochtúir Albanach (r. [[1859]]) * [[1960]] — [[Francis Browne]] shagart Íosánach agus grianghrafadóir (r. [[1880]]) * [[1968]] — [[Pete Latzo]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1973]] — [[Seán Mac Eoin]], polaiteoir agus saighdiúir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1976]] — [[Gustav Heinemann]], polaiteoir Gearmánach agus Uachtarán na Gearmáine ó 1969 go 1974 (r. [[1899]]) * [[1982]] — [[Tommy Loughran]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1984]] — [[Flora Robson]], ban-aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1989]] — [[James Carney]], Scoláire Ceilteach Éireannach (r. [[1914]]) * [[2006]] — [[Micheál Ó Domhnaill]], ceoltóir Éireannach (r. [[1952]]) * [[2006]] — [[Syd Barrett]], 60, ceoltóir (r. [[1946]]) * [[2021]] — [[Jovenel Moïse]], Uachtarán Háití (r. [[1968]]) * [[2023]] — [[Valerie Cowie]], síciatraí comhairleach Briotánach (r. [[1924]]) * [[2024]] — [[Hugh Geoghegan]], breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1938]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1969]] - Tugadh le fios ag ionchoisne gur báthadh [[Brian Jones]], iarghiotáraí an [[The Rolling Stones|Rolling Stones]], tar éis dó manglam de dhrugaí agus alcól a thógáil * [[1972]] - Thosaigh idirbheartaíocht faoi choim idir Rúnaí Stáit [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]] William Whitelaw agus an t[[An tIRA Sealadach|IRA]] * [[2005]] - Maraíodh 56 duine agus gortaíodh 700 eile tar éis ionsaí buamála ar an ngréasán iompair i [[Londain]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0707]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 07]] fj2sf6s14umbvv6pc8etkxigt1t4dne 1272976 1272973 2025-07-07T08:50:20Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1272976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''7 Iúil''' an 188ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 189ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 177 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Tansáin]] - Lá Saba Saba * [[An tSeapáin]] - Tanabata * [[Oileáin Sholaimh]] - Lá na Saoirse == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1476]] — [[Pápa Pól IV]], Pápa ó 1555 go 1559 (b. [[1559]]) * [[1752]] — [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]], ceapadóir Francach (b. [[1834]]) * [[1815]] — [[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué|Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué]], scríbhneoir Francach (b. [[1895]]) * [[1843]] — [[Camillo Golgi]], bitheolaí cille Iodálach (b. [[1926]]) * [[1884]] — [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], scríbhneoir Gearmánach (b. [[1958]]) * [[1907]] — [[Robert Anson Heinlein]], scríbhneoir (b.[[1988]]) * [[1921]] — [[Ezzard Charles]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1940]] — [[Ringo Starr]], drumadóir [[The Beatles]] * [[1941]] — [[Bill Oddie]], aisteoir Sasanach * [[1941]] — [[Michael Howard]], Polaiteoir de chuid an Pháirtí Choimeádaigh sa Ríocht Aontaithe * [[1952]] — [[Mando Guerrero]], coraí gairmiúil Meicsiceach * [[1963]] — [[Alister Jack]], polaiteoir Albanach * [[1965]] — [[Mo Collins]], aisteoir agus fuirseoir Meiriceánach * [[1968]] — [[Danny Jacobs]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1976]] — [[Hamish Linklater]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1990]] — [[John Nolan (damhsóir)|John Nolan]], damhsóir agus cóiréagrafaí Éireannach * [[1993]] — [[Ally Brooke]], amhránaí Meiriceánach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1304]] — [[Pápa Beinidict XI]] (r. [[1240]]) * [[1307]] — [[Éadbhard I Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1239]]) * [[1574]] — [[Giorgio Vasari]], ailtire, péintéir, agus scríbhneoir Iodálach (r. [[1511]]) * [[1797]] — [[Luis de Alburquerque de Melo Pereira y Cáceres]], oifigeach míleata Portaingéalach agus riarthóir coilíneachta (r. [[1759]]) * [[1816]] — [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]], 64, drámadóir Éireannach (r. [[1751]]) * [[1922]] — [[Cathal Brugha]], 47, réabhlóidí Éireannach (r. [[1874]]) * [[1930]] — [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], Scríbhneoir agus dochtúir Albanach (r. [[1859]]) * [[1960]] — [[Francis Browne]] shagart Íosánach agus grianghrafadóir (r. [[1880]]) * [[1968]] — [[Pete Latzo]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1973]] — [[Seán Mac Eoin]], polaiteoir agus saighdiúir Éireannach (r. [[1893]]) * [[1976]] — [[Gustav Heinemann]], polaiteoir Gearmánach agus Uachtarán na Gearmáine ó 1969 go 1974 (r. [[1899]]) * [[1982]] — [[Tommy Loughran]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1984]] — [[Flora Robson]], ban-aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1989]] — [[James Carney]], Scoláire Ceilteach Éireannach (r. [[1914]]) * [[2006]] — [[Micheál Ó Domhnaill]], ceoltóir Éireannach (r. [[1952]]) * [[2006]] — [[Syd Barrett]], 60, ceoltóir (r. [[1946]]) * [[2021]] — [[Jovenel Moïse]], Uachtarán Háití (r. [[1968]]) * [[2023]] — [[Valerie Cowie]], síciatraí comhairleach Briotánach (r. [[1924]]) * [[2024]] — [[Hugh Geoghegan]], breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1938]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1953]] - Tosaigh [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]] aistear, ar [[gluaisrothar|ghluaisrothar]], trí [[An Bholaiv]], [[Peiriú]], [[Eacuadór]], [[Panama]], [[Cósta Ríce]], [[Nicearagua]], [[Hondúras]] agus [[El Salvador]] * [[1969]] - Tugadh le fios ag ionchoisne gur báthadh [[Brian Jones]], iarghiotáraí an [[The Rolling Stones|Rolling Stones]], tar éis dó manglam de dhrugaí agus alcól a thógáil * [[1972]] - Thosaigh idirbheartaíocht faoi choim idir Rúnaí Stáit [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]] William Whitelaw agus an t[[An tIRA Sealadach|IRA]] * [[1978]] - Bhain [[Oileáin Sholaimh]] neamhspleáchas amach ón [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] * [[1980]] - Tugadh dlí ''sharia'' isteach s[[an Iaráin]] * [[1985]] - D'éirigh [[Boris Becker]] an fear is óige [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbeldon]] a bhuachan. Bhí sé 17 mbliaina d'aois. * [[2005]] - Maraíodh 56 duine agus gortaíodh 700 eile tar éis ionsaí buamála ar an ngréasán iompair i [[Londain]] * [[2022]] - D'fhógair [[Boris Johnson]] a éirí as Ceannaire an [[An Páirtí Coimeádach (An Ríocht Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Caomhaigh]] agus [[Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0707]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 07]] 9usa3cclilw6aqctgjxko6m0a0psb7x Plé úsáideora:DianaLluna 3 33307 1272939 472562 2025-07-06T22:07:47Z MemicznyJanusz 42900 Bhog MemicznyJanusz an leathanach [[Plé úsáideora:Jacobí]] go [[Plé úsáideora:DianaLluna]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jacobí|Jacobí]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/DianaLluna|DianaLluna]]" 472562 wikitext text/x-wiki Haigh, a Jacobí, agus tá [[Vicipéid:Réamhrá|fáilte romhat]] chuig an Vicipéid! Go raibh maith agat as [[Special:Contributions/Jacobí|do chuid dréachtaí]] a sheoladh isteach. Tá súil agam go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as d'am anseo! Tá sé éasca ailt nua a chruthú, agus téigh go dtí an [[Vicipéid:Halla baile|Halla Baile]] chun caint leis na [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí|Vicipéideoirí]] eile (más mian leat é sin a dhéanamh), nó téigh go dtí an [[Vicipéid:Lárionad comhphobail|Lárionad Comhphobail]] chun breathnú ar na heachtraí Vicipéide is déanaí. Tá breis eolais fóinteach in ár [[Vicipéid:Réamhrá|reamhrá]], freisin. Más é do thoil é, [[Vicipéid:Sínigh é|sínigh do chuid theachtaireachtaí]] ar leathanaigh phlé le ceithre thilde a chlóscríobh (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ciallaíonn sé sinn go hionsáfar d'ainm úsáideora agus an dáta go huathoibríoch. Má tá cabhair ag teastail uait, féach ar [[Vicipéid:Cabhair]], nó cuir ceist dom armo leathanach phlé. Uair amháin eile, fáilte romhat!<!-- Template:Welcome --> --[[Úsáideoir:AllieBot|AllieBot]] 22:13, 7 Meitheamh 2011 (UTC) s29h9sy2lhyfy722q88ut3sytmtw8ta Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal 2 90239 1272951 1271572 2025-07-06T22:58:46Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272951 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ {{Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Teimpléad:Barra Roghchláir}} =Réamhrá= [ [https://www.teanglann.ie/ teanglann.ie] | [https://www.focloir.ie/ focloir.ie] | [https://www.tearma.ie/ tearma.ie] | [http://dil.ie/ dil.ie] | [https://www.logainm.ie/ga/ logainm.ie] | [https://www.sloinne.ie sloinne.ie] | [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language MacBain] ] [CELT|CODECS|ISOS|THD|BILL|.. ] [ ''[https://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/index.shtml Index of Names in Irish Annals]''<!-- le Mari Elspeth nic Bryan--> | ''[https://www.libraryireland.com/names/contents.php Irish Names and Surnames]''<!-- le Rev Patrick Woulfe, ar Library Ireland--> | ''[http://research.ucc.ie/doi//locus?section=d487e79 Onomasticum Goedelicum]'' | ''[http://research.ucc.ie/doi/atlas Atlas of Names]'' | ''[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/IRELAND.htm#_Toc389126210 MEDIEVAL LANDS - Ireland]''<!-- ar fmg.ac--> ] Daoine: aicme, ciarraí, cine, cineál, clann, corca, dál, dream, duine/daoine, fine, muintir, pobal, síol, teaghlach, tuath; s/daor-chineál, sloinne Tosaíodh an obair seo ar an 6ú Meán Fómhair 2018, leis an leathanach [[Oidheadh Chlainne Uisnigh]] * Foinsí ar [https://www.ucc.ie/en/research-sites/celt/ CELT]: ** [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G800011A/text001.html LGÉ], [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G800011A/ LL], G800011A ** [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G100005A/ ACM, ARÉ LS 1220 ''srl.''], G100005A ** [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G100054/ FFÉ, OFM A 14 ''srl.''], G800054 * [http://exploringcelticciv.web.unc.edu/ Exploring Celtic Civilisation] * Sean-Ghaeilge ** [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/liosta/old-irish-l/ OLD-IRISH-L] ** ''[https://www.digitalmedievalist.com/opinionated-celtic-faqs/how-to-learn-old-irish/ How to learn old irish]'' ** [https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol/iriol U-Texas] ** [https://www.ria.ie/research-projects/focloir-stairiuil-na-gaeilge Foclóir Stairiuil na Gaeilge] ar ARÉ * [https://omniglot.com/writing/irish.htm Gaeilge] ar omniglot * [https://tuairisc.ie/comhairle-ghramadai-no-comhairle-gramadai-an-seimhiu-agus-an-rosheimhiu/ ‘Comhairle ghramadaí’ nó ‘comhairle gramadaí’? An séimhiú agus an róshéimhiú…], Kevin Hickey, tuairisc.ie # ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070807234048/http://www.carroll.co.uk/irish/chapt01.htm The Eberian Kings]'' # [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/E900000-003/ Early Irish Population-Groups], [[Eoin Mac Néill]] # [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/?next_url=/users/my_library/ Wikipedia Library] # Celtic Literature Collective (CLC) ## ''[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/index_irish.html Irish Literature]'', CLC ## ''[https://www.ancienttexts.org/library/celtic/ctexts/index_irish.html Irish index]'', Ancient Texts # [https://bill.celt.dias.ie/vol4/browseatsources.php Textual sources], CELT * [[:Teimpléad:cite web]] * [[:Teimpléad:cite book]] * [[:Teimpléad:citation]] * [[:Teimpléad:familytree]] * [[Speisialta:WhatLinksHere/Teimpléad:Glanadh-mar]] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem Earra nua] ar WikiData * [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] * [[:Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] * [[:Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Éireannacha]] * [[:Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] * Faiceachas {{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}} {{An Rúraíocht}} {{An Fhiannaíocht}} {{Scéalaíocht na Ríthe}} {{Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise}} =Bliain 1, 2018 - 2019= ==Céim 1 - An Rúraíócht== Cóipeáil agus aistriú go díreach ó wiki-suímh (en, de, srl) eile. * béim ar an Rúraíocht... * ... agus Tuatha Dé Danann agus Ardríthe na hÉireann a thagann isteach leis na scéalta úd. * ainm an phríomhleathnaigh as NuaGhaeilge; athsheoladh ann don ainm as SeanGhaeilge * [[Donn Cuailnge]], [[Finnbhennach]], [[Maol]], [[Liath Macha agus Dub Sainglend]], [[Caladbolg]], [[Fragarach]], [[Fedelm]], [[Dáire mac Fiachna]], [[Cairpre Nia Fer]], [[Fedelm Noíchrothach]], [[Erc mac Cairpri]], [[Achall]] * Naisc dhearga nó athsheolta go [[:en:Ulster Cycle]] ar en.wiki *# a/s, [[Cairbre Cuanach]] *# a/s, [[Condere mac Echach]] *# n/d, [[Fiachu mac Fir Febhe]] *# n/d, [[Folloman mac Conchobair]] *# n/d, [[Friuch]] *# n/d, [[Goll mac Carbada]] *#* [[Nechtan Scéne]] ==Céim 2 - Scéalta Miotaseolaíochta== * Gramadach ** Tuiseal Ginideach ** na clásail choibhneasta díreacha agus indíreacha * Leathnaigh eile nach bhfuil fós an sna teimpléidí reatha * Scéalta Miotaseolaíochta: [[Cessair]], [[Partholón]], [[Nemed]], [[Fir Bolg]]; [[Fomhóraigh]]; (Tuatha Dé Danann agus Clann Mhíle í gcéim 3) ** [[Tuan mac Cairill]], [[Neimheadh]], [[Fiacha mac Delbaíth]], [[Mac Cuill]], [[Mac Gréine]], [[Cichol Gricenchos]], [[Fintán mac Bóchra]], [[Dealgnaid]], [[Bóinn (bandia)]], [[Ealcmhar]], [[Cethlenn]], [[Conand]], [[Elatha]], [[Tethra]], [[Glas Ghaibhneann]] * Leathanaigh eile: ** [[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]], [[Tomhaidhm]] * Bunachar: tagairtí ISoS, CELT, CODECS srl ==Céim 3 - Tuatha Dé Danann, Clann Mhíle== * Gramadach (arís) ** Tuiseal Ginideach ** na clásail choibhneasta díreacha agus indíreacha * [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] ** [[Éber Finn]] &rarr; [[Éibhear Fionn]], [[Érimón]] &rarr; [[Éiremhón]] &rarr; [[Éireamhón]], [[Badb]] &rarr; [[Badhbh (bandia)]], [[Bres]], [[Aislinge Oenguso]], [[Ábartach]], [[Abhean]], [[Áed]], [[Airmed]], [[Anu]], [[Aobh]], [[Aoi]], [[Aoife (iníon Bhodhbh Dheirg)]], [[Bec]], [[Bodb Derg]], [[Brea]], [[Brian (miotaseolaíocht)]], [[Caer Ibormeith]], [[Cermait]], [[Creidhne]], [[Dian Cécht]], [[Ethal]], [[Ecne]], [[Fionnuala]], [[Goibhniu]], [[Iuchar]], [[Iucharba]], [[Ler]], [[Luchtaine]], [[Miach]], [[Neit]], [[Uaithne]] * [[Clann Mhíle]] ** [[Goídel Glas]], [[Fénius Farsaid]], [[Scota]], [[Amergin Glúingel]], [[Bilé]], [[Donn]], [[Muimne, Luigne agus Laigne]], [[Ér, Orba, Ferón agus Fergna]], [[Íriel Fáid]], [[Ethriel]], [[Conmáel]], [[Tigernmas]] * Eile ** [[Biróg]], [[Immram Brain]] ([[Bran mac Feabhail]]), [[Carman]], [[Crobh Dearg]], [[Crom Cruach]], [[Cailleach]], [[Ceithre Sheod]] ==Céim 4 - Ard-Ríthe== * [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] ** [[Eochaid Étgudach]], [[Cearmna Finn]], [[Sobhairce]], [[Eochaid Faebar Glas]], [[Fiacha Labhrainne]], [[Eochaid Mumu]], [[Óengus Olmucaid]], [[Énna Airgdech]], [[Rothechtaid mac Main]] (I), [[Sétna Airt]] (I), [[Fíachu Fínscothach]], [[Muinemón]], [[Faildergdóid]], [[Ollom Fódla]], [[Fínnachta]], [[Slánoll]], [[Géde Ollgothach]], [[Fíachu Findoilches]], [[Berngal]], [[Ailill mac Slánuill]], [[Sírna Sáeglach]], [[Rothechtaid Rotha]], [[Elim Olfínechta]], [[Gíallchad]], [[Art Imlech]], [[Nuadu Finn Fáil]], [[Bres Rí]], [[Eochaid Apthach]], [[Finn mac Blatha]], [[Sétna Innarraid]] (II), [[Siomón Brecc]], [[Dui Finn]], [[Muiredach Bolgrach]], [[Énna Derg]], [[Lugaid Íardonn]], [[Sírlám]], [[Eochaid Uairches]], [[Eochaid Fíadmuine]], [[Conaing Begeclach]], [[Lugaid Lámderg]], [[Art mac Lugdach]], [[Fíachu Tolgrach]], [[Ailill Finn]], [[Eochaid mac Ailella]], [[Airgetmar]], [[Dui Ladgrach]], [[Lugaid Laigde]], [[Áed Ruad, Díthorba agus Cimbáeth]] ([[Áed Rúad]] ([[Áed Ruad]]), [[Díthorba]], [[Cimbáeth]]), [[Rechtaid Rígderg]], [[Úgaine Mór]], [[Bodbchad]], [[Lóegaire Lorc]], [[Cobthach Cóel Breg]], [[Labraid Loingsech]], [[Meilge Molbthach]], [[Mog Corb]], [[Óengus Ollom]], [[Irereo]], [[Fer Corb]], [[Connla Cáem]], [[Ailill Caisfiaclach]] ([[Ailill]]*), [[Adamair]], [[Eochaid Ailtlethan]], [[Fergus Fortamail]], [[Óengus Tuirmech Temrach]], [[Conall Collamrach]], [[Nia Segamain]], [[Énna Aignech]], [[Crimthann Coscrach]], [[Rudraige mac Sithrigi]] (III), [[Finnat Már]], [[Bresal Bó-Díbad]], [[Conchobar Abradruad]], [[Crimthann Nia Náir]], [[Cairbre Cinnchait]], [[Feradach Finnfechtnach]], [[Fíatach Finn]], [[Fíachu Finnolach]], [[Elim mac Conrach]], [[Túathal Techtmar]], [[Mal mac Rochride]], [[Fedlimid Rechtmar]], [[Cathair Mór]], [[Conn Cétchathach]], [[Conaire Cóem]], [[Art mac Cuinn]], [[Lugaid mac Con]] ([[Lughaidh]]*), [[Fergus Dubdétach]], [[Cormac mac Airt]], [[Eochaid Gonnat]] ([[Eochaidh]]*), [[Cairbre Lifechair]], [[Fothad Cairpthech]], [[Fothad Airgthech]], [[Fíachu Sroiptine]], [[Colla Uais]], [[Muiredach Tirech]], [[Cáelbad]], [[Eochaid Mugmedon]], [[Crimthann mac Fidaig]] ([[Criofan]]*), [[Níall Noígíallach]] &larr; [[[[Niall Noígíallach]]]], [[Nath Í mac Fiachrach]], [[Lóegaire mac Néill]] ==Céim 5 - ABCDEí== * [[Annála na hÉireann]], [[Banseanchas]], [[Cóir Anmann]], [[Dinnseanchas]], [[Echtra]] ([[Eachtra]]) agus [[Immram]] ([[Iomramh]]), [[Echtra Condla]], [[Echtra Fergusa maic Léti]], [[Eachtra Neara]], [[Sanas Cormaic]] ==Céim 6 - An Fhiannaíocht== * [[An Fhiannaíocht]], Na [[Fianna]] Daoine * [[Creidne]], [[Finn Eces]], [[Finn mac Cumaill]] &larr; [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]], [[Oisín]], [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne]], [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]], [[Niamh Chinn Óir]], [[Bodhmall]], [[Muireann]], [[Plúr na mBan]], [[Sadb]] &rarr; [[Sadhbh]], [[Caílte mac Rónáin]], [[Conán mac Lia]], [[Conán mac Morna]], [[Cumall]], [[Goll mac Morna]], [[Liath Luachra]], [[Oscar mac Oisín]] Scéalta ar fáil * [[Agallamh Beag]], [[Agallamh na Seanórach]], [[Bruidhean Chaorthainn]], [[Cath Finntrágha]], [[Cath Gabhra]], [[Eachtra Bhodaigh an Chóta Lachtna]], [[Fianshruth]], [[Fionn agus Gráinne]], [[Macgnímartha Finn]], [[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne]] Scéalta nach bhfuil ar fáil ar wikipediae * [[Bruidhean Chéise Corainn]], [[Bruidhean Bheag na hAlmhaine]], [[Bruidhean Eochaidh Bhig Dheirg]] # [[Eachtra Iollainn Iolchrothaigh Mhic Ríogh na hEasbáinne]] ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eachtra_Iollainn_Iolchrothaigh_Mhic_Ríogh_na_hEasbáinne en]''') # [[Eachtra an Ghiolla Dheacair]] ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eachtra_an_Ghiolla_Dheacair en]''') # [[Eachtra Lomnachtáin]] ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eachtra_Lomnachtáin en]''') #* [[Fotha Catha Cnucha]] # [[Tóraíocht Taise Taoibhghile]] ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tóraíocht_Taise_Taoibhghile en]''') # [[Tóraíocht Shaidhbhe Iníne Eoghain Óig]] ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tóraíocht_Shaidhbhe_Iníne_Eoghain_Óig en]''') #* [[Nessa Ní Shéaghdha]], [[Máirín Ní Mhuiríosa]] ==Céim 7 - Scéalaíocht na Ríthe== * [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] ''thuas, céim 4'', [[Baile in Scáil]], [[Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig]] (scrios: [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_Chuinn_Cétchathaigh?redirect=no Baile_Chuinn_Cétchathaigh], [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_Chuinn_Cétchathaig?redirect=no Baile_Chuinn_Cétchathaig]), [[Sadb ingen Chuinn]] ==Céim 8 - Lámhscríbhinní== * [[Teimpléad:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] ** [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] *# [[Leabhar Fhear Maí]] ** [[Leabhar na gCeart]], Oidheadh Chlainne x 3: [[Oidheadh Chlainne Lir|... Lir]] ([[Clann Lir]]), [[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann|... Tuireann]], [[Oidheadh Chlainne Uisnigh|... Uisnigh]] ==Céim 9 - Aithbhreithniú== * Glan / Cuir le roinnt leathnach ** [[Aengus]] &rarr; [[Aonghas]], [[Áine]], [[Badb]] &rarr; [[Badhbh (bandia)]], [[Breogán]], [[Brigit]], [[Cormac mac Airt]], [[Daghdha]], [[Enbarr]], [[An Fhiannaíocht]], [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]], [[Grian (bandia)]], [[Lugh]], [[Níall Noígíallach]], [[Niamh Chinn Óir]], [[Oisín]] * Leathanaigh eile: ** ''[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/List of Irish mythological figures]]'' ** [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], [[Na Scéalta Miotaseolaíochta]], [[An Rúraíocht]], [[An Fhiannaíocht]], [[Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]] ==Céim 10 - feabhsú na Gaeilge== * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Cruthaithe|Cruthaithe]] * Gramadach (arís eile) ** Tuiseal Ginideach ** na clásail choibhneasta díreacha agus indíreacha =Bliain 2, 2019 - 2020= == Feabhsú na Gaeilge (2) == * Tuiseal ginideach ** Mo chuid airgid ''vs.'' Mo chuid den airgead ** Séimhithe * na clásail choibhneasta díreacha agus indíreacha * Ainmneacha Sean &rarr; Meán &rarr; Nua-Ghaeilge ** Eisceachtaí: [[Aengus]], [[Brigit]] (''vs.'' [[Naomh Bríd]]), [[Daghda]] nó [[Daghdha]] (ní *Dea-dhia), [[Lugh]] (ní [[Lú]]) ==Tagairtí== * Bunachar: tagairtí ISoS, CELT, CODECS, WikiData * LGÉ, ACM, FFÉ go Gaeilge (go háirithe i leathanaigh na nArd-Ríthe) ==Ath-bhreithniú== * [[Ceasair]], [[Parthalán]], [[Neimheadh]], [[Fir Bholg]] * [[Sláine mac Deala]]... [[Eochaid mac Eirc]] ==Catagóirí== * [[:Catagóir:Dreamanna na hÉireann]], [[:Catagóir:Éarainn]], [[:Catagóir:Ulaid]], [[:Catagóir:Eoghanachta]], [[:Catagóir:Ríthe na Teamhrach]] ==Ogham, [[Aibítir]]== * [[Ogham]], [[:Catagóir:Ogham]], [[Auraicept na n-Éces]], [[Bríatharogam]]=[[Briatharogham]], [[De Dúilib Feda na Forfid]], [[In Lebor Ogaim]]=[[An Leabhar Oghaim]], [[Inscríbhinní Oghaim]] * [[:Teimpléad:Litreacha Oghaim]], [[beith (ogham)|beith]]*, [[luis (ogham)|luis]], [[fearn (ogham)|fearn]], [[sail (ogham)|sail]], [[nion (ogham)|nion]] | [[uath (ogham)|uath]], [[dair (ogham)|dair]], [[tinne (ogham)|tinne]], [[coll (ogham)|coll]], [[ceirt (ogham)|ceirt]] | [[muin (ogham)|muin]], [[gort (ogham)|gort]], [[nGéadal (ogham)|nGéadal]]*, [[straif (ogham)|straif]], [[ruis (ogham)|ruis]] | [[ailm (ogham)|ailm]], [[onn (ogham)|onn]], [[úr (ogham)|úr]], [[eadhadh (ogham)|eadhadh]], [[iodhadh (ogham)|iodhadh]] | [[Forfeda]], ''[[Ébad (ogham)|Ébad]]-a, [[Oir (ogham)|Oir]]-a, [[Uillenn (ogham)|Uillenn]]-a,'' [[Iphín (ogham)|Iphín]]=[[Ifín (ogham)|Ifín]], ''[[Emancholl (ogham)|Emancholl]]-s'', [[Peith (ogham)|Peith]] * [[:Catagóir:Inscríbhinní Oghaim]], [[CIIC 2]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Chluain Muirís]], [[CIIC 10]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Bhréisteach]], [[CCIC 11]]=[[Ráth na Dromainne]], [[CIIC 38]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Bhaile Mhuadáin]], [[CIIC 47]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Cháisleán tSíomoin]], [[CIIC 50]]<[[Ráth Chrois Uaithne]], [[CIIC 57]]–58=[[Clocha Oghaim Phlácais]], [[CIIC 66]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Bhéal an Churraigh Bháin]], [[CIIC 145]]=[[Cloch Oghaim Airghleanna]], [[CIIC 155]]-163=[[Clocha Oghaim Bhaile an tSagairt]], [[CIIC 170]]<[[Teampall Mhanachain]], [[CIIC 187]]<[[Cill Maoilchéadair]], [[CIIC 193]]<[[Mám an Óraigh]], [[CIIC 197]]–203=[[Clocha Oghaim Dhún Lóich]], [[CIIC 206]]–213=[[Clocha Oghaim Chill Chuallachta Thoir]], [[CIIC 220]]=<strike>[[Cloch Oghaim Dhoire Fhíonáin]]</strike> &rarr; [[Cloch Oghaim Dhoire Fhíonáin Beag]], [[CIIC 230]]<[[Clochán Cárthainn]], [[CIIC 241]]=[[Clocha Oghaim Dhún Lóich]], [[CIIC 246]]=<strike>[[Chlocha Oghaim Aird Chánachta]]</strike> &rarr; [[Clocha Oghaim Aird Chánachta]], [[CIIC 266]]-267=<strike>[[Clochanna Oghaim Chill Tíre]]</strike> &rarr; [[Clocha Oghaim Chill Tíre]], [[CIIC 272]]-281<[[Uaimh agus Clocha Oghaim Dhrom Lócháin]], CICC iii=[[Cloch Oghaim Bhaile an Bhúlaeraigh Thuaidh]], CIIC iii=[[Cloch Oghaim Dhún gCoimín]], CIIC iii<[[Caiseal Imileá an Bhóthair]], CIIC iii=[[Clocha Oghaim Tulaigh Garráin]], CIIC iii<<strike>[[Bhaile Uí Bhaoithín]]</strike> &rarr; [[Baile Uí Bhaoithín]], CIIC iii<<strike>[[Teampall Ráth Theas]]</strike> &rarr; [[Teampall Ráth Teas]] ==Dreamanna== {| |- valign=top || [[Íomhá:Ptolemy's Ireland.png|mion|100px|Léarscáil Tolamaes]] || [[Íomhá:Ireland early peoples and politics.gif|mion|100px|Luath-dhreamanna]] || [[Íomhá: Ireland900.svg|mion|100px|Éire 900]] || [[Íomhá:Www.wesleyjohnston.com-users-ireland-maps-historical-map1014.gif|thumb|100px|Éire 1014]] || [[Íomhá:www.wesleyjohnston.com-users-ireland-maps-historical-map1300.gif|mion|100px|[[Tiarnas na hÉireann]], 1300]] || [[Íomhá:Ireland 1450.png|mion|100px|Éire 1450]] || [[Íomhá:IrelandBaronies1899Map.png|mion|105px|Barúntachtaí 1899]] |- valign=top || [[Íomhá: Ireland900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Munster-900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Osraige-900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Leinster-900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Mide-900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Connacht-900.svg|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Breifne-900.svg|mion|100px]] |- valign=top || [[Íomhá:UlsterDioceseKingdoms.png|mion|100px]] || [[Íomhá:NorthernUiNeill.png|mion|100px]] |} ===Luath-dhreamanna=== * [[Prótastair Éireann]]<[[Stair na hÉireann]], [[Periplus Massiliach]], [[Ora Maritima]], [[Almagest]]- ([[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|ÉG]]), [[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)]]-, [[Scotti]], [[Attacotti]]-, [[Breatain (logainm)]], [[:Teimpléad:Éire Tholamaes]] * Connacht: [[Auteini]]=[[Uaithni]], [[Fir Ol nEchmacht]], [[Nagnatae]], [[Nagnata]]; Laigin: [[Brigantes (Éire)]], [[Cauci]], [[Coriondi]], [[Domnu]], [[Fir Domnann]], [[Gailióin]], <strike>[[Manapi]]</strike> &rarr; [[Manapii]]; Mide: [[Eblani]]=[[Ebdani]]=[[Blanii]], [[Eblana]]; Muma: [[Gangani]]=[[Concani]], [[Iverni]], [[Uellabori]], [[Uodiae]]=[[Usdiae]]; Uladh: [[Darini]], [[Erdini]], [[Uennicnii]] * Eile: [[Belgae]], [[Scotia]]-, [[Gleann Scoithín]], [[Albion]]-, [[Caledonia]]-, [[Damnonii]], [[Dumnonii]], [[Hibernia]]- * Le dáileadh: [[Indech]], [[Octriallach]], * [[Ríochtaí Éireann]], [[Cúigí na hÉireann]] * [[Dáire Doimthech]], [[Lugaid Loígde]] (Lugaid mac Con), [[Ríthe Éireann]], [[Flaith]], [[Tigerna]]=[[Tiarna]], [[Liosta Ríthe na hÉireann]], [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]-, [[Rí na Teamhrach]]=[[Ríthe na Teamhrach]], [[Coirpre mac Néill]]=[[Cairbre mac Néill]]-, [[Ailill Molt]], [[Lugaid mac Lóegairi]]=[[Lughaidh mac Laoghaire]], [[Ríocht na Mumhan]], [[Rí na Mumhan]]=[[Ríthe na Mumhan]], [[Rí na Deasmhumhan]]=[[Ríthe na Deasmhumhan]], [[Rí na Tuadhmhumhan]]=[[Ríthe na Tuadhmhumhan]], [[Rí na hIarmhumhan]]=[[Ríthe na hIarmhumhan]], [[Rí na hUrmhumhan]]=[[Ríthe na hUrmhumhan]], [[Liosta Ríthe Uladh]] &rarr; [[Rí na nUladh]]=[[Ríthe na nUladh]], [[An Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh]] &rarr; [[Dubhaltach Mac Firbhisigh]], [[Ríocht na Mí]], [[Rí na Mí]]=[[Ríthe na Mí]], [[Airgíalla]]=[[Oirialla]], <strike>[[Ríthe an Oiriall]]</strike> &rarr; [[Ríthe na nOiriall]]=[[Ríthe Oiriall]], [[Bréifne]], [[Ríthe na Bréifne]], [[Ríthe na Laighean]], [[Ríthe an Osraí]], [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]]-, [[Túathal mac Cormaic]]=[[Túathal Máelgarb]]=[[Tuathal Maolgharbh]], [[Diarmait mac Cerbaill]]=[[Diarmaid mac Cearbhaill]]-, [[Domnall Ilchelgach]]=[[Domnall mac Muirchertaig]]=[[Domhnall mac Muircheartaigh]], [[Forggus mac Muirchertaig]]=[[Fearghas Mac Muircheartaigh]], [[Eochaid mac Domnaill]]=[[Eochaidh mac Domhnaill]], [[Báetán mac Muirchertaig]]=[[Baotán mac Muircheartaigh]], [[Ainmuire mac Sétnai]]=[[Ainmhire mac Seanna]], [[Báetán mac Ninnedo]]=[[Baotán mac Nínneadha]], [[Áed mac Ainmuirech]]=[[Aodh mac Ainmhireach]], [[Áed Sláine]]=[[Aodh Sláine]], [[Colmán Rímid]]=[[Colmán Ríomhaí]]=[[Colmán mac Báetáin]]=[[Colmán mac Baotáin]], [[Áed Uaridnach]]=[[Aodh Fuariodhnach]], [[Máel Coba mac Áedo]]=[[Maol Cobha mac Aodha]], [[Suibne Menn]]=[[Suibhne Meann]], [[Domnall mac Áedo]]=[[Domhnall mac Aodha]] {{Éire Tholamaes}} Féach ''[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire000.htm IHM]'': {|class = wikitable ! width=10% | Dream ! width=10% | Treibh ! width=10% | As ! width=10% | Am ! width=20% | [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] ! width=40% | Dál/Corca/Clann |- valign=top || [[Cruithne]] || [[Priteni]] || Breatain || 8u - 5ú RC || [[Fomhóraigh]]? || [[Dál nAraidi]], [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uí Eachach Cobha]], ''[[Loígis]]'', [[Soghain]] |- valign=top || [[Éarainn]] || [[Belgae]] || Breatain || 5ú - 3ú RC || [[Fir Bholg]] || ''Ulaid'' (Dál Riada, Dál Fiatach), [[Corca Laidhe]], [[Múscraí]], [[Corca Dhuibhne]], [[Corca Bhaiscinn]], [[Uí Mhaine]], [[Conmhaicne]] |- valign=top || [[Laigin]] || || Armorica || 3ú - 1ú RC || [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]? || [[Fir Domnann]], [[Gailióin]]; [[Uí Fhailí]], ''[[Uí Bairrche]]'', [[Uí Eineachghlais]]; [[Gailenga]]? |- valign=top || [[Gaeil]] || [[Míl Easpáine]] || Gall || 2ú - 1ú RC || [[Féine]] || [[Eoghanachta]], [[Connachta]] |} ===Breá=== * [[Brega]]=[[Breá]] ===Bréifne=== * [[Ríthe Bhréifne]] ===Ciannachta=== * [[Ciannachta]], [[Ciannachta Glen Geimin]]=[[Ciannacht Ghleann Geimhin]], [[Síl nÁedo Sláine]]=[[Síol Aodha Sláine]], [[Gailenga]] ===Iverni=== * =[[Érainn]]=[[Éarainn]], [[Dáire]], [[Darini]], [[Dáirine]], [[Corcu Loígde]]=[[Corca Laidhe]], [[Corc mac Luigthig]]=[[Conall Corc]], [[Dáire Doimthech]]*, [[Lugaid Loígde]]~[[Lugaid Laigdech]], [[Íar mac Dedad]], [[Óengus Bolg]]=[[Aonghas Boilg]], [[Aimend]]=[[Aimeann]], [[Deda mac Sin]]<[[Cland Dedad]], [[Dál gCais]]-, [[Dáire mac Dedad]], [[Síl Conairi]]=[[Síol Chonaire]], [[Cairpre]], [[Mairtine]], [[Múscraige]]=[[Múscraí]], [[Corcu Duibne]]=[[Corca Dhuibhne]], [[Corcu Baiscinn]]=[[Corca Bhaiscinn]], [[Dáire Cerbba]]=[[Dáire Cearba]], [[Uí Liatháin]], [[Uí Fidgenti]]=[[Uí Fiodhghinte]] ===''Laigin''=== * [[Laigin]], [[Uí Failgi]]=[[Uí Fhailí]], [[Failge Berraide]]=[[xxx]], [[Fothairt]], [[Dál Cormaic]]-, [[Énnae Cennsalach]], [[Crimthann mac Énnai]]=[[Criomhthann mac Éanna]], [[Augaire mac Ailella]]=[[Agaire mac Ailealla]]?, ([[Diarmait Mac Murchada]]=[[Diarmaid Mac Murchadha]]), [[Domhnall Caomhánach]], [[Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach]] * [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]], [[Áed mac Colggen]]=[[Aodh mac Colgan]] {{Navbox | name = Laigin | title = [[Laigin]] | state = {{{state|}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = Kindreds and septs | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Dál Niad Cuirp | list1 = [[Uí Máil]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Dúnlainge]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Ceinnselaig]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Failge]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Bairrche]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Enechglaiss]]&nbsp;• Uí Crimthainn Áin<!-- {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[Uí Máil]] | list1 = O'Tighe&nbsp;* [[O'Kelly]] | group2 = [[Uí Dúnlainge]] | list2 = Fitzdermot&nbsp;* [[O'Toole family|O'Toole]]&nbsp;* [[O'Byrne family|O'Byrne]]&nbsp;* [[Cosgrave|O'Cosgrave]] | group3 = [[Uí Cheinnselaig]] | list3 = [[MacMurrough dynasty|MacMurrough Kavanagh]]&nbsp;* [[Kinsella]]&nbsp;* [[Kehoe]]&nbsp;* [[Finneran|O'Finneran]]&nbsp;* [[Murphy|O'Murphy]]&nbsp;* [[O'Garvey]]&nbsp;* [[Hartley (surname)|O'Hartley]]&nbsp;* [[O'Ryan]]&nbsp;* [[Morrow (surname)|Morrow]] | group4 = [[Uí Failghe]] | list4 = [[O'Connor Faly]]&nbsp;* [[O'Dunne]]&nbsp;* [[O'Dempsey]]&nbsp;* [[Kavanagh (surname)|Kavanagh]]&nbsp;* [[Branagh]]&nbsp;* [[Fitzpatrick (surname)|MacGilpatrick (Fitzpatrick)]]&nbsp;* [[O'Dwyer (surname)|O'Dwyer]]&nbsp;* [[O'Holohan]]&nbsp;* [[O'Hennessy]] | group5 = [[Uí Bairrche]] | list5 = [[MacGorman]]&nbsp;* [[Kearney (disambiguation)|Kearney]]&nbsp;* [[Tracy (name)|Tracy]]&nbsp;* [[Hughes (disambiguation)|Hughes]]&nbsp;* [[Mooney]]&nbsp;* [[Carney (surname)|Carney]] | group6 = [[Uí Enechglaiss]] | list6 = ''O'Feary | group7 = Uí Crimthainn Áin | list7 = ''O'Duff }}--> | group2 = Dál Cairpre Arad | list2 = O'Kealy | group3 = [[Dál Messin Corb]] | list3 = [[Uí Garrchon]] }} | group2 = Daoine | list2 = [[Úgaine Mór]]&nbsp;• [[Lóegaire Lorc]]&nbsp;• [[Labraid Loingsech]]&nbsp;• [[Óengus Ollom]]&nbsp;• [[Fergus Fortamail]]&nbsp;• [[Crimthann Coscrach]]&nbsp;• [[Nuadu Necht]]&nbsp;• [[Cumall|Cumhall]]&nbsp;• [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]&nbsp;• [[Oisín]]&nbsp;• [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]]&nbsp;• [[Conchobar Abradruad]]&nbsp;• [[Cathair Mór]]&nbsp;• [[Énnae Cennsalach]]&nbsp;• [[Crimthann mac Énnai]]&nbsp;• [[Áed mac Colggen]]&nbsp;• [[Augaire mac Ailella]]&nbsp;• [[Máel Mórda mac Murchada]]&nbsp;• [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]]&nbsp;• [[Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach]]&nbsp;• [[Fiach Mac Aodha Ó Broin]] | group3 = Aiteanna | list3 = [[An Nás]]&nbsp;• [[Mullach Maistean]]&nbsp;• [[Cnoc Liamhna]] | group4 = Cathanna | list4 = [[Cath Cheann Fuait|Ceann Fuait]]&nbsp;• [[Cath Ghleann Máma|Gleann Máma]]&nbsp;• [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Cluain Tarbh]]&nbsp;• [[Cath na Móna Móire|Móin Mhór]]&nbsp;• [[Cath Ros Mhic Thriúin|Ros Mhic Thriúin]]&nbsp;• [[Cath Ghleann Molúra|Gleann Molúra]] | group5 = Altanna gaolmhara | list5 = [[Gaeil]]&nbsp;• [[Míl Espáine]]&nbsp;• [[Érimón]]&nbsp;• [[Scéalta Miotaseolaíochta]]&nbsp;• [[An Fhiannaíocht]]&nbsp;• [[Dinnseanchas]]&nbsp;• [[Leabhar Laighneach]]&nbsp;• [[Ríthe na Laighean]]<!--&nbsp;• [[O'Rahilly's historical model]]&nbsp;• [[Gaelic nobility of Ireland]]&nbsp;• ''[[Follow Me up to Carlow]]''--> }} ===Mumha=== * [[Iarmumu]]=[[Iarmuman]]=[[Iarmhumha]]=[[Iarmhumhain]]=[[Iarumhain]], [[Tuadmumu]]=[[Tuadhmhumha]]=[[Tuadhmhumhain]]=[[Tuamhain]], [[Deasmumu]]=[[Deasmhumha]]=[[Deasmhumhain]]=[[Deasumhain]]-, [[Urmumu]]=[[Urmhumha]]=[[Urumhain]] * [[Éoganachta]]=[[Eoghanachta]], [[Mug Nuadat]]=[[Mogh Nuadhad]], [[Ailill Aulom]], [[Lugaid mac Con]], [[Mac Con]], [[Éogan Mór]]=[[Eógan Mór]]=[[Eoghan Mór]], [[Fiachu Muillethan]], [[Éile]], [[Eoghanacht Chaisil]], [[Eoghanacht Ghleanndamhnach]], [[Eoghanacht Áine]], [[Eoghanacht Locha Léin]], [[Eoghanacht Raithlinn]], [[Eoghanacht Oirthir Cliach]], [[Eóganacht Ninussa]], [[Mathghamhain]], [[Deirgtine]], [[Fiachu Muillethan]], [[Ailill Flann Bec]]=[[Ailill Flann Beag]], <strike>[[Feidlimid mac Cremthanin]]</strike>=[[Fedelmid mac Cremthainn]]=[[Feidlimid mac Crimthainn]]=[[Feilimí mac Criomhthainn]], [[Mór Mumhan]], [[Óengus mac Nad Froích]], [[Feidlimid mac Óengusa]]=[[Feilimí mac Aonghasa]], [[Fíngen mac Áedo Duib]]=[[Finghin mac Aodha Dhuibh]], [[Eochaid mac Óengusa]]=[[Eochaidh mac Aonghasa]], [[Crimthann Srem mac Echado]]=[[Criomhthann Sreamh mac Eochada]], [[Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn]]=[[Aodh Beanmán mac Criomhthainn]], [[Nad Froích mac Cuirc]]=[[Nadh Fraoigh mac Coirc]], [[Bressal mac Ailello Thassaig]]=[[Bressal mac Ailello]]=[[Breasal mac Ailealla]], [[Angias]]=[[Angas]], [[Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib]]=[[Failbhe Flann mac Aodha Dhuibh]], [[Cathal mac Finguine]] {{Mumhain}} ===Oirialla=== * [[Ríthe Oiriall]] # Dallán Forgaill # [[xxx]]=[[Rossa Buí Mac Mathúna]] &larr; [[:en:Rossa Buide Mac Mathúna]] #* [[Uí Tuirtri]]=[[Uí Thoirtre]], [[Donnchad Ua Cerbaill]]=[[Donnchadh Ó Cearbhaill]] ===Osraí=== * [[Dál Birn]], [[Óengus Osrithe]]=[[Aonghas Osraithe]], [[Lóegaire Birn Búadach]]=[[Laoghaire Birn Buach]] ===''Ulaid'' / Cruithne=== * [[Ulaid]] (FFÉ: Oll-sháith), [[Clanna Rudraige]], [[Dál Riata]]=[[Dál Riada]]-, [[Dál Fiatach]], [[Cruthin]]=[[Cruithne]], Conall Anglonnach, [[Conaille Muirtheimne]], [[Dál mBuinne]], [[Erc Dhál Riada]], [[Loarn mac Eirc]]&rarr;[[Cenél Loairn]]=[[Cineál Loairn]], [[Aonghas mac Eirc]]&rarr;[[Cenél nÓengusa]]=[[Cineál Aonghasa]], [[Adomnán]]=[[Adhamhnán]]=[[Naomh Adhamhnán]], [[Senchus Fer n-Alban]]=[[Seanchas Fear Alban]], [[Duan Albanach]], [[Muirchertach mac Muiredaig]]=[[Muircheartach mac Muireadaigh]]-, [[Fergus Mór]]=[[Fearghas Mór]], [[Domangart Réti]]=[[Domhanghart Réite]], [[Gabrán mac Domangairt]]=[[Gabhrán mac Domhanghairt]]&rarr;[[Cenél nGabráin]]=[[Cineál Gabhráin]], [[Comgall mac Domangairt]]=[[Comhghall mac Domhanghairt]]>[[Cenél Comgaill]]=[[Cineál Comhghaill]], [[Eilne]], [[Loígis]], [[Sogain]]=[[Soghain]], [[Senchineoil]]=[[Seanchineál]], [[Uí Blathmaic]], [[Uí Echach Arda]], [[Conmhaícne]]=[[Conmhaicne]], [[Ciarraige]]=[[Ciarraí]], [[Corco Mruad]]=[[Corca Mrua]], [[Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii]]-, [[Dál nAraidi]]=[[Dál Araí]], [[Ríthe Dáil Araidi]]=[[Ríthe Dhál Araí]], [[Dál nAraidi Mag Line]]=[[Dál Araí Mhaigh Line]], [[Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt]]=[[Dál Araí an Tuaiscirt]], [[Uí Echach Cobo]]=[[Uíbh Eachach Cobha]], [[Uí Erca Céin]], [[Leath Cathail]]=[[Leath Chathail]], [[Tipraiti Tireach]]=[[Tiobraid Tíreach]], [[Ríthe na nUladh]], [[Muiredach Muinderg]]=[[Muireadhach Muindearg]], [[Eochaid mac Muiredaig Muinderg]]=[[Eochaidh mac Muireadhaigh Mhuindeirg]], [[Cairell mac Muiredaig Muinderg]]=[[Caireall mac Muireadhaigh Mhuindeirg]], [[Demmán mac Cairill]]=[[Deamán mac Cairill]], [[Báetán mac Cairill]]=[[Baotán mac Cairill]], [[Áed Dub mac Suibni]]=[[Aodh Dubh mac Suibne]], [[Eochaid mac Condlai]]=[[Eochaidh mac Connla]], [[Fergnae mac Oengusso Ibdaig]]=[[Feargna mac Aonghasa Iobhdaigh]], [[Fíachnae mac Báetáin]]=[[Fiachna mac Baotáin]], [[Fiachra Cáech]]=[[Fiachra Caoch]], [[Fiachnae mac Demmáin]]=[[Fiachna mac Deamáin]], [[Connad Cerr]]=[[Connadh Cearr]], [[Dúnchad mac Fiachnai]]=[[Dúnchadh mac Fiachna]], [[Máel Cobo mac Fiachnai]]=[[Maol Cobha mac Fiachna]], [[Blathmac mac Máele Cobo]]=[[Blathmac mac Maoil Chobha]], [[Congal Cennfota mac Dúnchada]]=[[Congal Ceannfhada mac Dúnchadha]], [[Mongán mac Fiachnai]]=[[Mongán mac Fiachna]], [[Bécc Bairrche mac Blathmaic]]=[[Béic Bairrche mac Blathmhaic]], [[Áedán mac Gabráin]]=[[Aodhán mac Gabhráin]], [[Congal Cáech]]=[[Conghal Caoch]] {{Navbox | name = Ulaid | title = [[Ulaid]] | state = {{{state|}}} | group1 = Finte agus clanna | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[Dál nAraidi]] | list1 = [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uí Eachach Cobha]]&nbsp;* ''[[Loígis]]''&nbsp;* [[Soghain]] <!--{{Navbox|child | group1 = [[Uí Echach Cobo]] | list1 = [[MacGowan]]&nbsp;* [[Magennis]]&nbsp;* [[McCartan]]&nbsp;* [[Lynch (surname)|Lynch]] | group2 = [[Loígis]] | list2 = [[Moore (surname)|O'More]]&nbsp;* [[O'Kelly]]&nbsp;* O'Deevy&nbsp;* O'Doran&nbsp;* O'Lalor&nbsp;* [[O'Dowling]]&nbsp;* [[McEvoy|MacEvoy]]&nbsp;* [[Bergin|O'Bergin]]&nbsp;* O'Mulcahy | group3 = [[Soghain]] | list3 = O'Manning&nbsp;* [[Mac an Bhaird|MacWard]]&nbsp;* O'Scurry&nbsp;* [[Lennon|O'Lennon]]&nbsp;* MacCashin&nbsp;* [[Gilly]]&nbsp;* MacGing }}--> | group2 = [[Conmhaícne]] | list2 = Conmhaícne Mara&nbsp;* Conmaicne Magh Réin&nbsp;* Conmaicne Cuile Toladh&nbsp;* Conmaicne Mide <!--{{Navbox|child | group1 = [[Conmhaícne Mara]] | list1 = O'Kealy&nbsp;* MacConneely&nbsp;* O'Devaney&nbsp;* O'Cloherty&nbsp;* [[Folan|MacFolan]] | group2 = Conmaicne<br/>Magh Réin<br> | list2 = MacRannall&nbsp;* MacDorcy&nbsp;* O'Mulvey&nbsp;* [[O'Farrell]]&nbsp;* O'Beglin&nbsp;* [[Borden (surname)|Borden]]&nbsp;* [[Hallissey|O'Hallissy]]&nbsp;* O'Murry&nbsp;* O'Curneen&nbsp;* O'Mulooly&nbsp;* MacMullock&nbsp;* O'Doonan&nbsp;* O'Kearon&nbsp;* MacCoogan&nbsp;* [[Gaynor|MacGaynor]]&nbsp;* [[Quinn|O'Quinn]]&nbsp;* MacShaffrey&nbsp;* [[Connick|MacConnick]]&nbsp;* [[Keegan|O'Keegan]]&nbsp;* MacLeavy&nbsp;* MacMorrow&nbsp;* [[MacShane]]&nbsp;* O'Sullahan&nbsp;* [[O'Tormey]] | group3 = Conmaicne <br>Cuile Toladh | list3 = O'Tolleran&nbsp;* O'Colleran&nbsp;* O'Moran&nbsp;* [[Martin (surname)|Martin]] | group4 = Conmaicne Mide | list4 = MacRourke&nbsp;* O'Breen&nbsp;* O'Toler }}--> | group3 = ''[[Ciarraige]]'' | list3 = &nbsp;<!--[[Ó Céirín|O'Kieran (Kearns)]]&nbsp;* [[O'Conor Kerry]]&nbsp;* [[O'Murtagh]]&nbsp;* O'Neide--> | group4 = [[Corco Mruad]] | list4 = &nbsp;<!--[[Ó Conchubhair Corcomroe|O'Conor Corcomroe]]&nbsp;* [[Uí Lochlainn|O'Loughlin]]&nbsp;* [[O'Flaherty]]&nbsp;* O'Deely&nbsp;* [[O'Drennan]]&nbsp;* O'Melody&nbsp;* MacCurtin&nbsp;* [[O'Davoren]]--> }} | group2 = Pearsana | list2 = [[Cermna Finn]]&nbsp;* [[Sobairce]]&nbsp;* [[Ollom Fódla]]&nbsp;* [[Fínnachta]]&nbsp;* [[Slánoll]]&nbsp;* [[Géde Ollgothach]]&nbsp;* [[Fíachu Findoilches]]&nbsp;* [[Berngal]]&nbsp;* [[Ailill mac Slánuill]]&nbsp;* [[Finn mac Blatha]]&nbsp;* [[Sírlám]]&nbsp;* [[Airgetmar]]&nbsp;* [[Áed Ruad, Díthorba agus Cimbáeth]]&nbsp;* [[Macha]]&nbsp;* [[Rudraige mac Sithrigi]]&nbsp;* [[Congal Cláiringnech]]&nbsp;* [[Bresal Bó-Díbad]]&nbsp;* [[Fachtna Fáthach]]&nbsp;* [[Conchobar mac Nessa]]&nbsp;* [[Fergus mac Róich]]&nbsp;* [[Fedelm Noíchrothach]]&nbsp;* [[Deichtine]]&nbsp;* [[Cúscraid]]&nbsp;* [[Cormac Cond Longas]]&nbsp;* [[Findchóem]]&nbsp;* [[Amergin mac Eccit]]&nbsp;* [[Conall Cernach]]&nbsp;* [[Mal mac Rochride]]&nbsp;* [[Tipraiti Tireach]]&nbsp;* [[Fiacha Araidhe]]&nbsp;* [[Cáelbad]]&nbsp;* [[Fiachnae mac Báetáin]]&nbsp;* [[Congal Cáech]]&nbsp;* [[Fergus mac Áedáin]]&nbsp;* [[Máel Bressail mac Ailillo]]&nbsp;* [[Mac Creiche]] | group3 = Litríocht | list3 = ''[[Scéla Conchobair]]''&nbsp;* ''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]''&nbsp;* ''[[Compert Con Culainn]]''&nbsp;* ''[[Scéal Muc Mhic Dhathó]]''&nbsp;* ''[[Mesca Ulad]]''&nbsp;* ''[[Annála Uladh]]'' | group4 = Áiteanna | list4 = [[Eamhain Mhacha]]&nbsp;* [[Teamhair]]&nbsp;* [[Ros na Rí]] | group5 = Críocha | list5 = [[Airrther]]&nbsp;* [[Bairrche]]&nbsp;* [[Cineál Fhaghartaigh]]&nbsp;* [[Conaille Muirtheimne]]&nbsp;* [[Cruithne]]&nbsp;* [[Uí Echach Cobo|Cobha]]&nbsp;* [[Dál Fiatach]]&nbsp;* [[Dál mBuinne]]&nbsp;* [[Dál nAraidi]]&nbsp;* [[Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt]]&nbsp;* [[Dál nAraidi Mag Line]]&nbsp;* [[Dál Riada]]&nbsp;* [[An Duifrian]]&nbsp;* [[Eilne]]&nbsp;* [[Latharna]]&nbsp;* [[Leath Cathail]]&nbsp;* [[Na hArda]]&nbsp;* [[Semne]]&nbsp;* [[Uí Blathmaic]]&nbsp;* [[Uí Dercco Céin]] | group6 = Altanna gaolmhara | list6 = [[Clanna Rudraige]]&nbsp;* [[Craobh Rua]]&nbsp;* [[Cú Chulainn]]&nbsp;* [[Uoluntii]]&nbsp;* [[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)]]&nbsp;* [[Rúraíocht]]&nbsp;* [[Ríthe na nUladh]]&nbsp;* [[Ríthe Dáil Araidi]]&nbsp;* [[Gaeil]]&nbsp;* [[Míl Espáine]]&nbsp;* }} {{navbox |name = Kings of Dál Riata |title = [[List of Kings of Dál Riata|Kings of Dál Riata]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |list1 = * [[Fergus Mór|Fergus&nbsp;Mór]] * [[Domangart Réti|Domangart&nbsp;Réti]] * [[Comgall mac Domangairt|Comgall]] * [[Gabrán mac Domangairt|Gabrán]] * [[Conall mac Comgaill|Conall]] * [[Áedán mac Gabráin|Áedán]] * [[Eochaid Buide|Eochaid&nbsp;Buide]] * [[Connad Cerr|Connad&nbsp;Cerr]] * [[Domnall Brecc|Domnall&nbsp;Brecc]] * [[Ferchar mac Connaid|Ferchar]] * [[Conall Crandomna|Conall&nbsp;Crandomna]] * [[Dúnchad mac Conaing|Dúnchad]] * [[Domangart mac Domnaill|Domangart]] * [[Máel Dúin mac Conaill|Máel&nbsp;Dúin]] * [[Domnall Donn|Domnall&nbsp;Donn]] * [[Ferchar Fota|Ferchar&nbsp;Fota]] * [[Eochaid mac Domangairt|Eochaid&nbsp;mac&nbsp;Domangairt]] * [[Ainbcellach mac Ferchair|Ainbcellach]] * [[Fiannamail ua Dúnchado|Fiannamail]] * [[Selbach mac Ferchair|Selbach]] * [[Dúnchad Bec|Dúnchad&nbsp;Bec]] * [[Dúngal mac Selbaig|Dúngal]] * [[Eochaid mac Echdach|Eochaid&nbsp;mac&nbsp;Echdach]] * [[Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig|Muiredach]] * [[Eógan mac Muiredaig|Eógan]] * Interregnum * [[Áed Find|Áed&nbsp;Find]] * [[Fergus mac Echdach|Fergus]] * [[Donncoirce]] * Interregnum? * [[Conall mac Taidg|Conall&nbsp;mac&nbsp;Taidg]] * [[Conall mac Áedáin|Conall&nbsp;mac&nbsp;Áedáin]] * [[Domnall mac Caustantín|Domnall]] * [[Áed mac Boanta|Áed&nbsp;mac&nbsp;Boanta]] }} ===Eile=== # ''via'' [https://books.google.ie/books?id=XhZtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=Fir+Ol+nEchmacht&source=bl&ots=6Qd9jwIFix&sig=ACfU3U1c4bcDTv3wZGSQRXYbA_I7VG5WMA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjC_9yr8rnhAhXYQxUIHay6Ax8Q6AEwB3oECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Fir%20Ol%20nEchmacht&f=false Everything about Ireland]: #* [[Conmaicne]]=[[Conmhaicne]] ## srl... # ''via'' [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/munster.htm irlkik/ihm/munster], ''22 stipendiary princes of Muma were the Kings of ... #* Dál Cais - [[Dál gCais]] ## Gabhrán - [[Gabhrán (dream)]] ##* Eoghanacht (when not King of Cashel) - [[Eoghanachta]] ## Deise - [[Déisi]] ##* Ui Liathain - [[Uí Liatháin]], Raithleann - [[Eoghanacht Raithlinn]], Muscraighe - [[Múscraige]], Dairfhine - [[Dáirine]] ## Dairfhine of the mt. - [[xxx]] ##* L. Léin - [[Eoghanacht Locha Léin]], Ciarraighe Lúachra - [[Ciarraige]] Lúachra, Corca Bhaiscinn and Léim na Con - [[Corca Bhaiscinn]], Ui Chonaill Gabhra - [[Uí Chonaill Gabhra]]<[[Uí Fidgenti]], Ui Chairbre - [[Uí Chairbre Aobha]]<[[Uí Fidgenti]], Cliu - Cliú, [[Eoghanacht Airthir Cliach]], Uaithne - [[Uaithne (dream)]], Eile - [[Éile]], Glenn Amhnach - [[Eoghanacht Ghleanndamhnach]], Corcu Luigde - [[Corca Laidhe]], Corcu Duibne - [[Corca Dhuibhne]] ## Boirenn - [[Boirenn]] ## Sechtmodh - [[Sechtmodh]] ==Scéal-liosta ó de.wiki== * [[Aided Cheit maic Mágach]], [[Aided Cheltchair maic Uthechair]], [[Aided Chonchobuir]]=[[Anbhás Chonchúir]], [[Aided Chon Culainn]]=[[Anbhás Chú Chulainn]], [[Aided Loegairi Buadaig]], [[Airne Fingein]], [[Baile Binnbérlach mac Buain]], [[Bóramha]], [[Cath Étair]]=[[Cath Éadair]], [[Cath Finntrágha]], [[Cath Maige Mucrama]], [[Compert Conchobuir]]=[[Coimpeart Chonchúir]], [[De chophur in da muccida]], [[Echtrae Nerai]], [[Immacallam in dá Thuarad]], [[Macgnímrada Con Culainn]], [[Tochmarc Luaine acus aided Athirni]], [[Esnada Tige Buchet]], [[Orgain Denna Ríg]]=[[Argain Dinn Rí]] Daoine: * [[Achtan]], [[Adnae mac Uthidir]], [[Eithne Tháebfhota]]=[[Eithne Thaobhfhada]], [[Ferchertne]], [[Lugaid Lága]], [[Mes Gegra]]+[[Mesgegra]]=[[Meas Geagra]], [[Néde]]-[[Neidhe]], [[Tadhg mac Céin]] ==Dlí, nós, aicme== ** [[Áes dána]]=[[Aos dána]], [[Alltar]], [[Emain Ablach]]=[[Eamhain Abhlach]], [[Mag Mell]]=[[Magh Meall]] # [[Mag Muirthemne]] #* [[Tech Duinn]]=[[Teach Doinn]], [[Tír na nÓg]], [[Uí Bhreasail]], [[Aithech fortha]], [[Ánradh]]-s, [[Bard]]* # [[Bean ní]] #* [[Breithem]]-s, [[Bretha Crólige]], [[Bruiden]]-[[Bruíon]], [[Briugu]]-[[Brughaidh]], [[Cana]]-s, [[Clí]]-s, [[Craobh Airgid]], [[Críth gablach]], [[Curadhmhír]], [[Díchetal do chennaib]]-s=[[dícheadal do cheannaibh]]?, [[Féth fíada]], [[Fáith]] (Vates), [[Filid]], [[Fír flathemon]], [[Gáu flathemon]], [[Geis]], [[Glám dícenn]]=[[Glámh dícheann]]=[[Glámh dígeann]], [[Imbas forosnai]], [[Lóg n-enech]], [[Ollam Érenn]]=[[Ollamh Éireann]]* # [[Seanchaí]] # [[Sluaigh sí]] #* [[Tarbfeis]]-[[Tarbhfheis]], [[Teinm laída]]-s=[[Seinm laoidhte]]?, [[Trícha cét]]=[[Tríocha céad]], [[Túath]]=[[Tuath]] ==Suíomhanna== * [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]] ==Lámhscríbhinní / Annála== * [[Betham 154]]=[[ARÉ 23 N 10]], [[Leabhar Leasa Mhóir]]=[[Leabhar Mhic Cárthaigh Riabhaigh]], [[Leabhar Ua Maine]]=[[Leabhar Uí Mhaine]] &larr; [[:en:Leabhar Ua Maine]], [[Egerton 88]] &larr; [[:en:British Library, MS Egerton 88]], [[Egerton 90]]<[[Leabhar Uí Mhaine#Ábhar ar iarraidh]], [[Egerton 1782]] &larr; [[:en:British Library, MS Egerton 1782]], [[Leabhar an Iarla Bháin]]=[[Laud 610]], [[Rawlinson B 502]] &larr; [[:en:Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B 502]], [[Rawlinson B 512]], Síolta: [[An Leabhar Breac]], [[Liber Flavus Fergusiorum]], [[Gníomhais Thuamhan]] (dlí), ''[[Bodleian Library]]'', ''[[British Library]]'' * [[Saltair Caisil]], [[Annála Tiarnaigh]], [[Chronicon Scotorum]]=[[Chronicum Scotorum]], [[Croinic na hÉireann]], [[Annála Mhainistir na Búille]], [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], [[Annála Chluain Mhic Nóis]], [[Annála Connacht]], [[Annála Mhainistir an Dubhuisce]], [[Leabhar Oiris]], [[Annála an Aonaigh]], [[Leabhar Mhic Cárthaigh]], [[Annála Inis Faithlinn as Áth Cliath]]?, [[Annála Gearra Thír Chonaill]], [[Annála Gearra Laighean]], [[Memoranda Gadelica]], [[Annála Gearra as Proibhinse Ard Macha]], [[Mír Annál Éireannach]]? ==Deirdre et al== * [[Deirdre]] ** [[Naoise]] *# [[Longes Mac n-Uislenn]] + [[Longes mac nUislenn]] + [[Oidheadh Chlainne Uisnigh]] ** [[Ealbha]], [[Anbhás Chú Chulainn]], [[Liath Macha]], [[Cridenbél]], [[Calatin]]-[[Cailitin]], [[Lao]]=[[Lao mac Rianghabhra]]=[[Láeg mac Riangabra]], [[Cloch an Fhir Mhóir]], [[Cairbre mac Eithne]] ==Teangacha== * [[Próit-Ind-Eorpais]] <> [[Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha]] * [[Prótai-Cheiltis]] <> [[Teangacha Ceilteacha]] * [[Gaeilge Chianach]] ~ [[An Ghaeilge Ársa]] * [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] * [[Meán-Ghaeilge]] * [[Gaeilge Chlasaiceach]] * [[Gaeilge]] * [[Gaeilge na hAlban]] * [[Gaeilge Mhanann]] * [[An Bhreatnais]], [[Breatnais]] * [[An Bhriotáinis]], [[Briotáinis]] ==Eile== * [[Aos Sí]], [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], [[Lámhscríbhinn Ghleann Masain]]-[[Lámhscríbhinn Ghleann Masáin]] # [[Leipreachán]] &larr; [[:en:Leprechaun]] * [[Na Cruithnigh]], [[Cernunnos]], [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]], [[Sé Aois an Domhain]] (''uath-imdhealú''), [[Sex Aetates Mundi]] (''síol''), [[Sex Aetates Mundi (Gaelach)]] (''síol''), [[Nuadha]], [[Noínden Ulad]], [[Indech]], [[Octriallach]] = Bliain 3, 2020 - 2021 = * [[Dartraige]]=[[Dartraí (tuath)]], [[Masraige]]=[[Masraí]] == Feabhsú na Gaeilge (3) == Mar is gnách... féach thuas. == Féineachas == * [[Audacht Morainn]], [[Bechbretha]], [[Bretha Crólige]], [[Bretha Nemed Déidenach]], [[Cáin Adomnáin]], [[Críth gablach]], ''[[De duodecim abusivis saeculi]]'', [[Derbfine]]=[[Dearbhfhine]], [[Fír flathemon]], [[Fortúatha]]=[[Forthuatha]], [[Gáu flathemon]], [[Gúbretha Caratniad]], [[Lóg n-enech]], [[Senchas Már]]=[[Seanchas Mór]], [[Tánaisteacht]], [[Tecosca Cormaic]]=[[Teagasc Chormaic]], [[Uraicecht na Ríar]]=[[Bunleabhar na Riar]], [[Uraicecht Becc]]=[[Bunleabhar Beag]], [[Éraic]]=[[Éiric]] == Bréifne == * [[Ríthe Bhréifne]], [[Bréifne Thoir]]-, [[Bréifne Thiar]]-, [[Tigernán Ua Ruairc]]=[[Tighearnán Ua Ruairc]]- ==Laigin== * [[Bran Becc mac Murchado]]=[[Bran Beag mac Murchadha]], [[Bran Mut mac Conaill]]=[[Bran Buta mac Conaill]], [[Fáelán mac Colmáin]]=[[Faolán mac Colmáin]], [[Rónán mac Colmáin]], [[Brandub mac Echach]]=[[Bran Dubh mac Eochach]], [[Cellach Cualann]]=[[Ceallach Chualann]], [[Fiannamail mac Maoil Tuile]]=[[Fiannamail mac Máele Tuile]], [[Áed Dibchine]]=[[Aodh Dibhchine]], [[Áed Dub mac Colmáin]]=[[Aodh Dubh mac Colmáin]], [[Crimthann mac Áedo]]=[[Criomhthann mac Aodha]], [[Murchad mac Brain Mut]], [[Dúnchad mac Murchado]]=[[Dúnchadh mac Murchadha]], [[Fáelán mac Murchado]]=[[Faolán mac Murchadha]], [[Muiredach mac Murchado]]=[[Muireadhach mac Murchadha]], [[Cellach mac Dúnchada]]=[[Ceallach mac Dúnchadha]], [[Ruaidrí mac Fáeláin]]=[[Ruairí mac Faoláin]], [[Bran Ardchenn]]=[[Bran Ardcheann]], [[Fínsnechta Cethardec]]=[[Fíonsneachta Ceathairdheach]], [[Muiredach mac Brain Ardchinn]]=[[Muireadhach mac Brain Ardchinn]], [[Muiredach mac Ruadrach]]=[[Muireadhach mac Ruairí]], [[Cellach mac Brain]]=[[Ceallach mac Brain]], [[Bran mac Fáeláin]]=[[Bran mac Faoláin]], [[Lorcán mac Cellaig]]=[[Lorcán mac Ceallaigh]], [[Túathal mac Máele-Brigte]]=[[Tuathal mac Maoilbhríde]], <strike>[[Ruarc mac Bran]]</strike>&rarr;[[Ruarc mac Brain]], [[Muirecán mac Diarmata]]=[[Muireacán mac Diarmada]], [[Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig]]=[[Dúnlaing mac Muireadhaigh]], [[Ailill mac Dúnlainge]], [[Domnall mac Muirecáin]]=[[Domhnall mac Muireacáin]], [[Muiredach mac Brain]]=[[Muireadhach mac Brain]], [[Crundmáel Erbuilc]]=[[Crannmhaol Anbholg]], [[Cerball mac Muirecáin]]=[[Cearbhall mac Muireacáin]], [[Fáelán mac Muiredach]]=[[Fáelán mac Muiredaig]]=[[Faolán mac Muireadhaigh]], [[Lorcán mac Fáeláin]]=[[Lorcán mac Faoláin]], [[Túathal mac Úgaire]]=[[Tuathal mac Aughaire]], [[Cellach mac Fáeláin]]=[[Ceallach mac Faoláin]], [[Úgaire mac Túathail]]=[[Aughaire mac Tuathail]], [[Domnall Cláen]]=[[Domhnall Claon mac Lorcáin]], [[Donnchad mac Domnall Claen]]?=[[Donnchad mac Domnaill Cláin]], ([[Máel Mórda mac Murchada]])=[[Maol Mórdha mac Murchadha]], [[Dúnlaing mac Túathail]]=[[Dúnlaing mac Tuathail]], [[Donncuan mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Donnchuan mac Dúnlainge]], [[Augaire mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Aughaire mac Dúnlainge]], [[Donnchad mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Donnchadh mac Dúnlainge]], [[Murchad mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Murchadh mac Dúnlainge]], [[Murchad mac Diarmata]]=[[Murchadh mac Diarmada]], [[Domhnall mac Murchadha (uathimdhealú)]]*, [[Domnall mac Murchada meic Diarmata]]≠[[Domhnall mac Murchadha]], [[Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair]]=[[Donnchadh mac Domhnaill Ramhair]], [[Énna mac Diarmata]]=[[Éanna mac Diarmada]], <strike>[[Diarmait mac Énna]]</strike>&rarr;[[Diarmait mac Énnai]]=[[Diarmaid mac Éanna]], [[Donnchad mac Murchada]]=[[Donnchadh mac Murchadha]], [[Diarmait mac Énna meic Murchada]]=[[Diarmaid mac Éanna mhic Mhurchadha]], [[Énna mac Donnchada meic Murchada]]=[[Énna Mac Murchada]]=[[Éanna mac Donnchadha mhic Mhurchadha]]=[[Éanna Mac Murchadha]], <strike>[[Bran Fionn mac Máelmórda]]</strike>&rarr;[[Bróen mac Máelmórda]]=[[Braon mac Maoilmhórdha]], <strike>[[Murchad mac Brain Fionn]]</strike>&rarr;[[Murchad mac Finn]]=[[Murchadh mac Fionn]] ==Uí Chinnsealaigh== * [[Bran ua Máele Dúin]]=[[Bran ó Maoil Dúin]], [[Cú Chongelt mac Con Mella]]=[[Cú Chongheilt mac Con Mealla]], [[Echu mac Muiredaig]]=[[Eochadh mac Muireadaigh]], [[Eterscél mac Áeda]]=[[Eidirscéal mac Aodha]]?, [[Laidcnén mac Con Mella]]=[[Laoghcheann mac Con Mealla]], [[Sechnassach mac Colggen]]=[[Seachnasach mac Colgan]], [[Crundmáel Bolg Luatha]]=[[Crannmhaol xxx Luatha]], [[Bran Ua Máele Dúin]] &#x2192; [[Bran ua Máele Dúin]]=[[Bran ó Maoil Dúin]], [[Élothach mac Fáelchon]]=[[Éalathach mac Faolcháin]], [[Donngal mac Laidcnén]]=[[Donnghal mac Laoghchinn]], [[Dub Calgaid mac Laidcnén]]=[[Dubh Cealgadh mac Laoghchinn]], [[Cennselach mac Brain]]=[[Cinnsealach mac Brain]], [[Cairpre mac Laidcnén]]=[[Cairbre mac Laoghchinn]], [[Cellach Tosach mac Donngaile]]=[[Ceallach Tosach mac Donnghaile]], [[Cathal mac Dúnlainge]] == Uí Fhailí == * [[Uí Failge]]=[[Uí Failghe]]=[[Uí Fhailí]], [[Ríthe Uí Fhailí]], [[Failge Berraide]], [[Bruidge mac Nath Í]]=[[Bruí mac Nath Í]], [[Áed Rón mac Cathail]]=[[Aodh Rón mac Cathail]], [[Ailill mac Áedo Róin]]=[[Ailill mac Aodha Róin]], [[Cillíne mac Forannáin]], [[Fland Dá Chongal]]=[[Flann ó Congaile]], [[Forbassach Ua Congaile]]=[[Forbasach ó Congaile]], [[Ailill Corrach mac Flainn]], [[Flaithnia mac Flainn]], [[Cummascach mac Flainn]]=[[Cumascach mac Flainn]], [[Cináed mac Flainn]]=[[Cionaoth mac Flainn]], [[Mugrón mac Flainn]]=[[Mughrón mac Flainn]], [[Domnall mac Flaíthnia]]=[[Domhnall mac Flaíthnia]], [[Óengus mac Mugróin]]=[[Aonghas mac Mughróin]], [[Flaíthnia mac Cináeda]]=[[Flaithnia mac Cionaoith]], [[Cináed mac Mugróin]]=[[Cionaoth mac Mughróin]] ==Mumha== * [[Saltair Caisil]]=[[Saltair Chaisil]] * [[Coirpre Cromm mac Crimthainn]]=[[Cairbre Crom mac Criomhthainn]], [[Feidlimid mac Coirpri Chruimm]]=[[Feilimí mac Cairbre Chroim]], [[Fergus Scandal mac Crimthainn]]=[[Fearghas Scannal mac Criomhthainn]], [[Feidlimid mac Tigernaig]]=[[Feilimí mac Tiarnaigh]], [[Amalgaid mac Éndai]]=[[Amhalghaidh mac Éanna]], [[Garbán mac Éndai]]=[[Garbhán mac Éanna]], [[Cathal mac Áedo]]=[[Cathal mac Aodha]], [[Cúán mac Amalgado]]=[[Cúán mac Amhalghadha]], [[Máenach mac Fíngin]]=[[Maonach mac Finghin]], [[Cathal Cú-cen-máthair]]=[[Cathal Cú-gan-mháthair]], [[Colgú mac Faílbe Flaind]]=[[Colgú mac Failbhe Flainn]], [[Finguine mac Cathail]]=[[Finghin mac Cathail]], [[Ailill mac Cathail]], [[Cormac mac Ailello]]=[[Cormac mac Ailealla]], [[Eterscél mac Máele Umai]]=[[Eidirscéal mac Maoil Umha]], [[Cathussach mac Eterscélai]]=[[Cathasach mac Eidirscéil]], [[Máel Dúin mac Áedo]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Aodha]], [[Ólchobar mac Duib-Indrecht]]=[[Ólchúr mac Duibh-Ixxx]], [[Ólchobar mac Flainn]]=[[Ólchúr mac Flainn]], [[Artrí mac Cathail]]=[[Airtrí mac Cathail]], [[Tnúthgal mac Artrach]]=[[xxx]], [[Tnúthgal mac Donngaile]]=[[Tnúthghal mac Donnghaile]], [[Feidlimid mac Cremthainn]]=[[Fedelmid mac Cremthainn]]=[[Feilimí mac Criomhthainn]], [[Ólchobar mac Cináeda]]=[[Ólchúr mac Cxxx]], [[Áilgenán mac Donngaile]]=[[Áilgeanán mac Donnghaile]], [[Máel Gualae mac Donngaile]]=[[Maol Guala mac Donnghaile]], [[Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn]]=[[Ceann Faoladh Ó Macthiarna]], [[Dúnchad mac Duib-dá-Bairenn]]=[[Dúnchadh mac Duibh-dá-Bhoireann]], [[Dub Lachtna mac Máele Gualae]]=[[Dubh Lachtna mac Maoil Gualainne]], [[Finguine Cenn nGécan mac Loégairi]]=[[Finghin Ceann Géagán mac Laoghaire]], [[Cormac mac Cuilennáin]]=[[Cormac mac Cuileannáin]], [[Flaithbertach mac Inmainén]]=[[Flaithbheartach mac Ionúin]], [[Lorcán mac Coinlígáin]]=[[Lorcán mac Coinlíogáin]], [[Cellachán Caisil]]=[[Ceallachán Chaisil]], [[Máel Fathardaig mac Flainn]]=[[Maol Fathardaigh mac Flainn]]-, [[Dub-dá-Bairenn mac Domnaill]]=[[Dubh-dá-Bhoireann mac Domhnaill]], [[Fer Gráid mac Cléirig]]=[[Fear Grá mac Cléirigh]], [[Donnchad mac Cellacháin]]=[[Donnchadh mac Ceallacháin]], [[Máel Muad mac Brain|Maol Muadh mac Brain]], [[Íomhar Luimnigh]]-, [[Mathgamain mac Cennétig]]=[[Mathúin mac Cinnéide]], [[Diarmait Ua Briain]]=[[Diarmaid Ó Briain]], [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]]=[[Muircheartach Ua Briain]]-, [[Cormac Mac Carthaigh]]=[[Cormac Mac Cárthaigh]], [[Conchobar Ua Briain]]=[[Conchúr Ó Briain]], <strike>[[Toirdhealbhach mac Diarmada Ua Bhriain]]</strike>&rarr;[[Toirdhelbach mac Diarmata Ua Briain]]=[[Toirdhealbhach mac Diarmada Ó Briain]], [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain]]=[[Domhnall Mór Ó Briain]], [[Dúngal mac Máel Fothardaig Ua Donnchada]]=[[Dúnghal mac Maoil Fhothardaigh Ó Donnchadha]], Murchad mac Donnchada, [[Brian mac Murchada Ua Briain]]=[[Brian mac Murchadha Ó Briain]] == Iarmhumha == * [[Coirpre Luachra mac Cuirc]]=[[Cairbre Luachra mac Coirc]], [[Dauí Iarlaithe mac Maithni]]=[[]], [[Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Aodha Beannáin]], [[Congal mac Máele Dúin]]=[[Congal mac Maoil Dúin]] == Oirialla == * [[Gofraid mac Fergusa]]=[[Gofraidh mac Fearghasa]]-, [[Donnchad Ua Cerbaill]]=[[Donnchadh Ó Cearbhaill]] ==Osraí== * [[Osraige]]=[[Osraí]], [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]], [[Anmchad mac Con Cherca]]=[[Anmchadh mac Con Chearca]], [[Forbasach mac Ailella]]=[[Forbasach mac Ailealla]], [[Tóim Snáma mac Flainn]]=[[Tuaim Snámha mac Flainn]], [[Cellach mac Fáelchair]]=[[Ceallach mac Faolchair]], [[Dúngal mac Cellaig]]=[[Dúnghal mac Ceallaigh]], [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic]]=[[Donnchadh mac Giolla Phádraig]] (1), [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada]]=[[Giolla Phádraig mac Donnchadha]], [[Fáelchar Ua Máele Ódrain]]=[[Faolchar ó Maoil Ódrain]], [[Cú Cherca mac Fáeláin]]=[[Cú Chearca mac Faoláin]], [[Ailill mac Fáeláin]]=[[Ailill mac Faoláin]], [[Fáelán mac Forbasaig]]=[[Faolán mac Forbasaigh]], [[Fergal mac Anmchada]]=[[Fearghal mac Anmchadha]], [[Dúngal mac Fergaile]]=[[Dúnghal mac Fearghaile]], [[Riacán mac Dúnlainge]]=[[Riagán mac Dúnlainge]], [[Diarmait mac Cerbaill (rí Osraí)]]=[[Diarmaid mac Cearbhaill (rí Osraí)]], [[Cellach mac Cerbaill]]=[[Ceallach mac Cearbhaill]] == Uí Néill == * [[Uí Néill]] ** [[Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt]] *** [[Aileach]], [[Ríthe Ailigh]] *** [[Cenél Conaill]]=[[Cineál Chonaill]] *** [[Cenél nEógain]]=[[Cineál Eoghain]] **** [[Ó Néill]] ** [[Uí Néill an Deiscirt]] *** [[Ríthe Bhreá]] **** [[Síol Aodha Sláine]] **** [[Cnóbha]] **** [[Loch Gabhair]] *** [[Ríocht na Mí]] **** [[Ríthe na Mí]] *** [[Tethba]]=[[Tethbae]]=[[Txxx]] **** [[Cenél Coirpri]] **** [[Cenél Maini]] *** [[Ríthe Uisnigh]] **** [[Clann Cholmáin]] ***** [[Clann Cholmáin Bhig]] ***** [[Clann Cholmáin Mhóir]] **** [[Ríthe Fhir Chúl Bhreá]] == Uí Néill an Deiscirt == === [[Ríthe Bhreá]] === * [[Conall Laeg Breg]] mac Aodha Sláine=[[Conall Laogh Bhreá]] mac Aodha Sláine, [[Congal mac Áedo Sláine]]=[[Conghal mac Aodha Sláine]], [[Ailill Cruitire]] mac Aodha Sláine, [[Conaing Cuirre]] mac Congaile=[[Conaing Coirre]] mac Conghaile, [[Congalach mac Conaing Cuirre]]=[[Conghalach mac Conaing Choirre]], [[Írgalach mac Conaing]]=[[Irgalach mac Conaing]] Cuirre=[[Iorghalach mac Conaing]] Choirre, [[Amalgaid mac Congalaig]]=[[Amhalaidh mac Conghalaigh]], [[Conall Grant]]=[[Conall Grant mac Cernaig]]=[[Conall Grant mac Cearnaigh]], [[Conaing mac Amalgado]]=[[Conaing mac Amhalaí]], [[Indrechtach mac Dungalaig]]=[[Indreachtach mac Dunghalaigh]], [[Dúngal mac Amalgado]]=[[Dúnghal mac Amhalaí]], [[Coirpre mac Fogartaig]]=[[Cairbre mac Fógartaigh]], [[Congalach mac Conaing]]=[[Conghalach mac Conaing]], [[Diarmait mac Conaing]]=[[Diarmaid mac Conaing]], [[Flann mac Congalaig]]=[[Flann mac Conghalaigh]], [[Cernach mac Congalaig]]=[[Cearnach mac Conghalaigh]], [[Cummascach mac Congalaig]]=[[Cumascach mac Conghalaigh]], [[Conaing mac Flainn]], [[Cináed mac Conaing]]=[[]], [[Flann mac Conaing]], [[Niall mac Cernaig Sotal]]=[[Niall mac Cearnaigh Sotal]], [[Maine mac Néill]], [[Cathal mac Néill]], [[Cathal mac Áeda]]=[[Cathal mac Aodha, rí Bhreá]], [[Cernach mac Fogartaig]]=[[Cearnach mac Fógartaigh]], [[Fergus mac Fogartaig]]=[[Fearghas mac Fógartaigh]], [[Niall mac Conaill]], [[Máel Dúin mac Fergusa]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Fearghasa]], [[Fogartach mac Cummascaig]]=[[Fógartach mac Cumascaigh]], [[Cummascach mac Fogartaig]]=[[Cumascach mac Fógartaigh]], [[Ailill mac Fergusa]]=[[Ailill mac Fearghasa]], [[Cernach mac Fergusa]]=[[Cearnach mac Fearghasa]], [[Tigernach mac Fócartai]]=[[Tiarnach mac Fógartaigh]] === [[Ríthe na Mí]] === * [[Fallomon mac Con Congalt]]=[[Fallamhain mac Con Congheilte]], [[Domnall mac Donnchada Midi]]=[[Domhnall mac Donnchadha na Mí]], [[Muiredach mac Domnaill Midi]]=[[Muireadhach mac Domhnaill na Mí]], [[Máel Ruanaid mac Donnchada Midi]]=[[Maol Rúnaí mac Donnchadha na Mí]], [[Lorcán mac Cathail]], [[Donnchad mac Aedacain]]=[[Donnchadh mac Aodhacáin]] === [[Ríthe Uisnigh]] === * [[Conall Cremthainne]] mac Néill=[[Conall Criomhthainn]], [[Fiachu mac Néill]]=[[Fiacha mac Néill]], [[Ardgal mac Conaill]]=[[Ardal mac Conaill]], [[Maine mac Cerbaill]]=[[Maine mac Cearbhaill]], ([[Colmán Már mac Diarmato]]= [[Colmán Bec mac Diarmato]])=[[Colmán mac Diarmato]]=[[Colmán mac Diarmada]], [[Suibne mac Colmáin]]=[[Suibhne mac Colmáin]], [[Fergus mac Colmáin]]=[[Fearghas Mac Colmáin]], [[Óengus mac Colmáin]]=[[Aonghas mac Colmáin]], [[Conall Guthbinn]]=[[Conall Guthbinn mac Suibni]]=[[Conall Guthbhinn mac Suibhne]], [[Máel Dóid mac Suibni]]=[[Maol Dxxx mac Suibhne]], [[Diarmait Dian]]=[[Diarmaid Dian]], [[Murchad Midi]]=[[Murchadh na Mí]] === Ríthe Fir Chúl Bhreá === * [[Áed mac Dlúthaig]]=[[Aodh mac Dlúthaigh]], [[Flann mac Áedo]]=[[Flann mac Aodha]] === Tethba === * [[Cenél Coirpri]]/[[Cenél Maini]] &rarr; [[Tethba]]=[[Tethbae]] == Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt == * [[Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt]] &larr; [[Aileach]], [[Ríthe Ailigh]], [[Muiredach mac Eógain]]=[[Muireadhach mac Eoghain]], [[Colcu mac Domnaill]]=[[Colga mac Domhnaill]], [[Máel Fithrich mac Áedo]] Uaridnach=[[Maol Fithrigh mac Aodha]], [[Ernaine mac Fiachnai]]=[[Earnaine mac Fiachna]], [[Urthuile mac Máele Tuile]]-, [[Crundmáel mac Suibni]] Menn=[[Crannmhaol mac Suibhne]], [[Ferg mac Crundmaíl]]=[[Fearg mac Crannmhaoil]], [[Máel Dúin mac Máele Fithrich]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Maoil Fhithrigh]], [[Fland mac Máele Tuile]]=[[Flann mac Maoil Tuile]], [[Máel Dúin mac Áedo Alláin]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Aodha Alláin]], [[Murchad mac Máele Dúin]]=[[Murchadh mac Maoil Dúin]], [[Domnall mac Áeda]]=[[Domhnall mac Aodha (rí Ailigh)]], [[Muirchertach mac Néill]]=[[Muircheartach mac Néill]], [[Flaithbertach Ua Néill]]=[[Flaithbheartach Ó Néill]], [[Domnall Ua Lochlainn]]==[[Domhnall Mac Lochlainn]], [[Niall Mac Lochlainn]], [[Áed in Macáem Tóinlesc]] Ua Néill=[[Aodh an Macaomh Tóinleasc]] mac Muircheartaigh, [[Ríthe Thír Eoghain]], [[Grianán Ailigh#Miotaseolaíocht]], [[Conall Gulban]], [[Cenél Conaill]]=[[Cineál Chonaill]], [[Tír Chonaill]], [[Ríthe Thír Chonaill]], [[Conall Cú mac Áedo]]=[[Conall Cú mac Aodha]], [[Áed Muinderg]] mac Flaithbertaig=[[Aodh Muindearg]], [[Loingsech mac Flaithbertaig]]=[[Loingseach mac Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Murchad mac Flaithbertaig]]=[[Murchadh mac Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Domnall mac Áeda Muindeirg]]=[[Domhnall mac Aodha Mhuindeirg]], [[Eógan mac Néill]]=[[Eoghan mac Néill]], [[Cenél nEógain]]=[[Cineál Eoghain]], [[Tír Eoghain]], [[Ruaidrí ua Canannáin]] == Ulaid == * [[Dál Fiatach]], [[Uí Echach Cobo]], [[Fergus mac Áedáin]]=[[Fearghas mac Aodháin]], [[Cú Chuarán mac Dúngail Eilni]]=[[Cú Chuarán mac Dúnghaile Eilne]], [[Áed Róin mac Bécce Bairrche]]=[[Áed Róin]]=[[Aodh Róin]], [[Cathussach mac Ailello]]=[[Cathasach mac Ailealla]], [[Bressal mac Áedo Róin]]=[[Breasal mac Aodha Róin]], [[Fiachnae mac Áedo Róin]]=[[Fiachna mac Aodha Róin]], [[Tommaltach mac Indrechtaig]]=[[Tomaltach mac Ionrachtaigh]], [[Eochaid mac Fiachnai]]=[[Eochaidh mac Fiachna]], [[Cairell mac Fiachnai]]=[[Caireall mac Fiachna]], [[Máel Bressail mac Ailillo]]=[[Maol Bhreasail mac Ailealla]], [[Muiredach mac Eochada]]=[[Muireadhach mac Eochadha]], [[Matudán mac Muiredaig]]=[[Madadán mac Muireadhaigh]], [[Lethlobar mac Loingsig]]=[[Leathlobhar mac Loingsigh]], [[Cathalán mac Indrechtaig]]=[[Cathalán mac Ionrachtaigh]], [[Ainbíth mac Áedo]]=[[Ainbhioth mac Aodha]], [[Eochocán mac Áedo]]=[[Eochagán mac Aodha]], [[Airemón mac Áedo]]=[[Éireamhón mac Aodha]], [[Fiachnae mac Ainbítha]]=[[Fiachna mac Ainbhith]], [[Bécc mac Airemóin]]=[[Bxxx mac Éireamhóin]], [[Muiredach mac Eochocáin]]=[[Muireadhach mac Eochagáin]], [[Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig]]=[[Maol Mochéirí mac Ionrachtaigh]], [[Aitíth mac Laigni]]=[[Axxx mac Lxxx]], [[Cenn Etig mac Lethlobair]]=[[Cenn Étig mac Lethlobair]]=[[Ceann Éidigh mac Leathlobhair]], [[Áed mac Eochocáin]]=[[Aodh mac Eochagáin]], <strike>[[Loingsech mac Cenn Étig]]</strike>=[[Loingsech mac Cinn Étig]], [[Áed mac Loingsig]]=[[Aodh mac Loingsigh]], [[Niall mac Eochada]]=[[Niall mac Eochadha]] * [[Dál nAraidi]]=[[Dál Araí]], [[Dál nAraidi an Tuaiscirt]]=[[Dál Araí an Tuaiscirt]], [[Uí Echach Cobo]]=[[Uí Eachach Chobha]], [[Eilne]], [[Sárán mac Cóelbad]]=[[Sárán mac Caolbhaidh]], [[Condlae mac Cóelbad]]=[[Connla mac Caolbhaidh]], [[Fíachna Lonn mac Cóelbad]]=[[Fiachna Lonn mac Caolbhaidh]], [[Scandal mac Bécce]]=[[Scannal mac ''Bécce'']], [[Eochaid Iarlaithe mac Lurgain]]=[[Eochaid Iarlaithe]]=[[Eochaidh Iarlaithe]], [[Cathassach mac Lurgain]]=[[Cathasach mac Lorgan]], [[Dúngal Eilni mac Scandail]]=[[Dúnghal Eilne mac Scannail]], [[Cathassach mac Máele Cáich]]=[[Cathasach mac Maoil Chaoich]], [[Ailill mac Dúngaile Eilni]]=[[Ailill mac Dúnghaile Eilne]], [[Áed Aired]]=[[Aodh Aireach]], [[Lethlobar mac Echach]]=[[Leathlobhar mac Eachach]], [[Fiachra Cossalach]]=[[Fiachra Cosalach]], [[Indrechtach mac Lethlobair]]=[[Ionrachtach mac Leathlobhair]], [[Flathróe mac Fiachrach]]=[[Fxxx mac Fiachra]], [[Cináed Ciarrge mac Cathussaig]]&rarr;[[Cináed Cairge mac Cathussaig]]=[[Cxxx Cairge mac Cathasaigh]] ==Déise== * [[Déisi]]=[[Déise]], [[Dál Fiachrach Suighe]]=[[Dál Fhiachra Shuí]], [[Déisi Temro]]=[[Déise Theamhrach]], [[Déisi Becc]]=[[Déise Beag]], [[Déisi Muman]]=[[Déise Mumhan]]==[[Déisi Deiscirt]], <strike>[[Déisi in Tuaiscirt]]</strike>&rarr;[[Déisi Tuaiscirt]]=[[Déise an Tuaiscirt]], [[Ríthe Dhéise Mumhan]], [[Tairired na nDéssi]]=[[Tairshireadh na nDéis]] > [[Óengus Gaíbúaibthech]]=[[Aonghas Gabhuaibhtheach]], [[Ríocht Dyfed]]-, [[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]=[[Cogadh Gael le Gaill]], [[Delbna]]=[[Dealbhna (dream)]] == Miotaseolaíocht == * [[Bradán feasa]] ==Ard-Ríthe== * [[Cellach mac Máele Coba]]=[[Ceallach mac Maoil Chobha]], [[Conall mac Máele Coba]]=[[Conall mac Maoil Chobha]]=[[Conall Cóel]]=[[Conall Caol]], [[Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine]]=[[Diarmaid mac Aodha Sláine]], [[Blathmac mac Áedo Sláine]]=[[Blathmac mac Aodha Sláine]], [[Sechnassach]]=[[Seachnasach]]=[[Sechnassach mac Blathmaic]]=[[Seachnassach mac Blathmaic]], [[Cenn Fáelad]]=[[Cenn Fáelad mac Blathmaic]]=[[Ceann Faoladh mac Blathmaic]], [[Fínsnechta Fledach]]=[[Fíonsneachta Fleách]]=[[Fínsnechta Fledach mac Dúnchada]]=[[Fíonsneachta Fleách mac Dúnchadha]], [[Loingsech mac Óengusso]]=[[Loingseach mac Aonghasa]], [[Congal Cennmagair]]=[[Conghal Ceannmhaghair]], [[Fergal mac Máele Dúin]]=[[Fearghal mac Maoil Dúin]], [[Fógartach mac Néill]], [[Cináed mac Írgalaig]]=[[Cxxx mac Iorghalaigh]], [[Flaithbertach mac Loingsig]]=[[Flaithbeartach mac Loingsigh]], [[Áed Allán]]=[[Aodh Allán]], [[Domnall Midi]]&rarr;[[Domhnall Mac Murchadha]]=[[Domhnall Mí]]=[[Domhnall mac Murchadha]], [[Niall Frossach]]=[[Niall Frasach]], [[Donnchad Midi]]=[[Donnchadh Mí]], [[Aed Oirdnide]]=[[Aodh Oirdní]], [[Conchobar mac Donnchada]]=[[Conchúr mac Donnchadha]]], [[Niall Caille]] / [[Fedelmid mac Cremthainn]] ([[Annála Inis Faithlinn|AIF]]), [[Niall Noígíallach]] &larr; [[Níall Noígíallach]], ([[Fiachrae Cássan]]=)[[Fiachrae Cassán]]=[[Fiachra Casán]], [[Dáire Drechlethan]]=[[Dáire Dreachleathan]], [[Áed Findliath]]=[[Aodh Fionnliath]], [[Niall Glúndub]]=[[Niall Glúindubh]], [[Donnchad Donn]]=[[Donnchadh Donn]], [[Congalach Cnogba]]=[[Conghalach Cnobha]], [[Domnall ua Néill]]=[[Domhnall Ó Néill]], [[Donnchad mac Briain]]=[[Donnchadh mac Briain]], [[Diarmait mac Máel na mBó]]=[[Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó]]=[[Diarmaid mac Maoil na mBó]], [[Flaithbertach mac Loingsig]]=[[Flaithbheartach mac Loingsigh]] ==Scéalta== * [[Scátháin na bhFlatha]], [[Sedulius Scottus]]-, [[Caithréim Chellacháin Chaisil]], [[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]], [[Senchas Fagbála Caisil]], [[Immram Curaig Maíle Dúin]]=[[Immram curaig Maíle Dúin]]=[[Máel Dúin]]=[[Maol Dúin]], [[Immram curaig Ua Corra]]=[[Iomramh Currach Uí Chorra]], [[Imrum Snedhghusa ocus Mic Ríagla]]=[[Iomramh S agus Mic Riagla]], [[Baile Suibne]]=[[Buile Shuibhne]], [[Cath Maige Rátha]], [[Cenn Fáelad mac Ailella]]=[[Ceann Faoladh mac Ailealla]]-, [[Mo Ling]]-, [[Fled Dúin na nGéd]], [[Aided Chlainne Tuirenn]]=[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]], [[Aided Muirchertaig meic Erca]], <strike>[[Aislinge Meic Chon Glinne]]</strike>&rarr;[[Aislinge Meic Con Glinne]], [[Amra Choluim Chille]], [[Caithréim Cellaig]], [[Compert Mongáin]]=[[Compert Mongáin ocus serc Duibe Lacha do Mongán]], [[Eachtra Thaidhg mhic Céin]]=[[Tadhg mac Céin#Eachtra Thaidhg mhic Céin]], [[Fingal Rónáin]], [[Máel Dúin (uathimdhealú)]]=[[Maol Dúin (uathimdhealú)]], [[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]], [[Tochmarc Becfola]], [[Duanaire Finn]], [[Eachtra an Mhadra Mhaoil]], [[Eachtra Mhacaoimh an Iolair]], [[Echtra Cormaic i Tír Tairngiri]] &rarr; [[Cormac mac Airt]], [[Eachtra Thaidhg Mhic Céin]] &rarr; [[Tadhg mac Céin]], [[Fotha Catha Cnucha]] &rarr; [[Cumall]], [[Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis]] &rarr; [[Naomh Breandán]] == ''Ól nÉchmacht'' == * [[Annála Connacht]]=[[Annála Chonnacht]], [[Cóiced Ol nEchmacht]]=[[Cóiced Ól nÉchmacht]]=[[Cúige Dhál Éachmacht]], [[Fir Craibe]]=[[Fir Chraibhe]], [[Túatha Taíden]]=[[Tuatha Taiden]]=[[Tuatha Taoidhean]], [[Delbna Nuadat]]=[[Dealbhna Nuad]], [[Dealbhna Thír Dhá Loch]], ([[Corco Mogha]]), [[Cálraige]], [[Partraige]], [[Corco Fir Trí]]=[[Corca Fhir Thrí]], [[Cian d'Fhearaibh Bolg]]=[[Cian d'Fhir Bholg]] == Conmhaicne == * [[Conmhaicne#Clanna]], [[Conmhaicne Mara]], [[Conmaícne Dúna Móir]]=[[Conmhaicne Dhúin Mhóir]], [[Trícha Máenmaige]]=[[Conmaícne Máenmaige]]=<strike>[[Conmhaicne Mheáinmhaigh]]</strike>&rarr;[[Conmhaicne Mheánmhaigh]]&rarr;[[Conmhaicne Mheánmhaighe]], [[Conmaícne Cúile]]=[[Conmhaicne Coille]], [[Cluain Conmhaícne]]=[[Cluain Chonmhaicne]], <strike>[[Conmhaícne Cenel Luacháin]]</strike>&rarr;[[Conmaícne Cenél Luacháin]]=[[Conmhaicne Cineál Luacháin]], [[Conmaícne Carra]]=[[Conmhaicne Ceara]], [[Conmhaicne Anghaile]], [[Uí Fiachrach Finn]]=[[Uí Fhiachrach Fhionn]], [[Maigh Nissi]]&rarr;[[Liatroim, Barúntacht, Contae Liatroma]], [[Eolas mac Biobhsaigh]], [[Muintir Eolais]], [[Leabar Fidhnacha]]=[[Leabhar Fíonacha]] == Connachta == * [[Connachta]], [[Ríthe na gConnacht]], [[Brión mac Echach Mugmedóin]]=[[Brión mac Echach Muigmedóin]]=[[Brian mac xxx]], [[Ailill mac Echach Mugmedóin]]=[[Ailill mac xxx]], [[Fiachrae]]=[[Fiachra]], [[Cairpre mac Néill]]=[[Cairbre mac Néill]], [[Aided Chrimthaind maic Fhidaig ocus Trí mac Echach Muigmedóin]], [[Ciarraige Aí]]=[[Ciarraí Aoi]], [[Ciarraige Locha na nÁirne]]=[[Ciarraí Locha na nAirní]], [[Ciarraige Airtig]]=[[Ciarraí Airtigh]], [[Ciarraige Óic Bethra]]=[[Ciarraí Óig Bheathra]], [[Aidne]]=[[Aidhne]], [[Áengus mac Umor]]=[[Aonghas mac Úmhór]], [[Amalgaid mac Fiachrach]]=[[Amhalaí mac Fiachra]], [[Dauí Tenga Uma]]=[[Dxxx Teanga Umha]], [[Duinsech ingen Duach]]=[[Duinseach ní Dhuach]], [[Eógan Bél]]=[[Eoghan Béal]], [[Ailill Inbanda]]=[[Ailill Baineanda]], [[Echu Tirmcharna]]=[[Eocha Tirimcharna]], [[Áed mac Echach]]=[[Aodh mac Eachach]], [[Uatu mac Áedo]]=[[Uada mac Aodha]], [[Colmán mac Cobthaig]]=[[Colmán mac Cobhthaigh]], [[Rogallach mac Uatach]], [[Loingsech mac Colmáin]], [[Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin]]=[[Guaire Aidhne mac Colmáin]], [[Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan]]=[[Ceann Faoladh mac Colgan]], [[Dúnchad Muirisci]]=[[Dúnchadh Mhuirisce]], [[Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile]]=[[Fearghal Aidhne mac Ardaile]], [[Muiredach Muillethan]]=[[Muireadhach Moilleathan]], [[Cellach mac Rogallaig]]=[[Ceallach mac Raghallaigh]], [[Indrechtach mac Dúnchado]]=[[Indreachtach mac Dúnchadha]], [[Indrechtach mac Muiredaig]]=[[Indreachtach mac Muireadhaigh]], [[Domnall mac Cellaig]]=[[Domhnall mac Ceallaigh]], [[Cathal mac Muiredaig]]=[[Cathal mac Muireadhaigh]], [[Áed Balb mac Indrechtaig]]=[[Aodh Balbh mac Indreachtaigh]], [[Forggus mac Cellaig]]=[[Fearghas mac Ceallaigh]], [[Ailill Medraige mac Indrechtaig]]=[[Ailill Mheadraí mac Indreachtaigh]], [[Dub-Indrecht mac Cathail|Dubh-Indreacht mac Cathail]], [[Donn Cothaid mac Cathail]]=[[Donn Cothú mac Cathail]], [[Flaithrí mac Domnaill]]=[[Flaithrí mac Domhnaill]], [[Artgal mac Cathail]]=[[Ardal mac Cathail]], [[Tipraite mac Taidg]]=[[Tiobraid mac Taidhg]], [[Cináed mac Artgail]]=[[Cináed mac Ardail]], [[Colla mac Fergusso]]=[[Colla mac Fearghasa]], [[Muirgius mac Tommaltaig]], [[Diarmait mac Tommaltaig]], [[Cathal mac Muirgiussa]]=[[Cathal mac Muiriosa]], [[Murchad mac Áedo]]=[[Murchadh mac Aodha]], [[Fergus mac Fothaid]]=[[Fearghas mac Fothaidh]], [[Finsnechta mac Tommaltaig]], [[Mugron mac Máele Cothaid]], [[Conchobar mac Taidg Móir]]=[[Conchúr mac Taidhg Mhóir]], [[Áed mac Conchobair]]=[[Aodh mac Conchúir]], [[Tadg mac Conchobair]]=[[Tadhg mac Conchúir]], [[Cathal mac Conchobair]]=[[Cathal mac Conchúir]], [[Tadg mac Cathail]]=[[Tadhg mac Cathail]], [[Fergal Ua Ruairc]]=[[Fearghal Ó Ruairc]], <strike>[[Conchobar mac Tadg]]</strike>=[[Conchobar mac Taidg]], <strike>[[Cathal mac Tadg]]</strike>=[[Cathal mac Taidg]]=[[Cathal mac Taidhg]], [[Cathal mac Conchobair maic Taidg]]=[[Cathal mac Conchúir mhic Thaidhg]], [[Tadg in Eich Gil]]=[[Tadhg an Eich Ghil]], [[Art Uallach Ua Ruairc]]=[[Art Ualach Ó Ruairc]], [[Áed in Gai Bernaig|Aodh an Gha Bhearnaigh]], [[Áed Ua Ruairc]]=[[Aodh Ó Ruairc]], [[Ruaidrí na Saide Buide]]=[[Ruairí na Saidhe Buí]], <strike>[[Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh]]</strike>=[[Flaithbertach Ua Flaithbertaigh]]=[[Flaithbheartach Ó Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Tadg mac Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]]=[[Tadhg mac Ruairí Ó Conchúir]], [[Domnall Ua Ruairc]]=[[Domhnall Ó Ruairc]], [[Domnall Ua Conchobair]]=[[Domhnall Ó Conchúir]], [[Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]]=[[Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair]], [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]]=[[Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]]=[[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbaig Ua Conchobair]], [[Uí Briúin]]=[[Uí Bhriúin]] &larr; [[Uí Briúin Aí]]=[[Uí Bhriúin Aoi]] &larr; [[Uí Briúin Seóla]]=[[Uí Bhriúin Seola]] &larr; [[Uí Briúin Bréifne]]=[[Uí Bhriúin Bhréifne]] &larr; [[Síl Muiredaig]]=[[Síol Muireadhaigh]] &larr; [[Síl Cellaig]]=[[Síol Cheallaigh]] &larr; [[Síl Cathail]]=[[Síol Chathail]], [[Muintir Murchada]]=[[Muintir Mhurchadha]], [[Clann Fhergail]]=[[Clann Fhearghaile]], [[Clann Taidg]]=[[Clann Taidhg]], [[Crichaireacht cinedach nduchasa Muintiri Murchada]]=[[Críochadóireacht chiníoch dúchais Mhuintir Mhurchadha]], <strike>[[Uí Chonchúír]]</strike>&rarr;[[Uí Chonchúir]], [[Uí Fiachrach]]=[[Uí Fhiachrach]]=[[Uí Fiachra]], [[Uí Fiachrach Aidne]]=[[Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne]], [[Uí Fiachrach Muaide]]=[[Uí Fhiachrach Mhuaidhe]], [[Cenél Áeda na hEchtge]]=[[Cineál Aodha na hEachtaí]], [[Seachnasach mac Donnchadha]], [[Uí Sheachnasaigh]], [[Uí Dhubhda]], [[Uí Ruairc]], [[Muirchertach Nár mac Guairi]]=[[Muircheartach Nár mac Guaire]], [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]]=[[Conchúr Mheánmhaighe Ó Conchúir]], [[Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair]] {{Navbox | name = Ríocht na gConnacht | title = [[Ríocht na gConnacht]] | group1 = [[Tuath]]a | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[Connachta]] | list1 = [[Uí Briúin Aí]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Briúin|Uí Briúin Bréifne]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Briúin Seóla]]&nbsp;• [[Umaill|Uí Briúin Maille]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fiachrach Aidne]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fiachrach Muaide]]&nbsp;• [[Partraige]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Maine]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fiachrach Finn]]&nbsp;• [[Cairbre Drom Cliabh]] | group2 = [[Ulaid]] | list2 = [[Conmhaicne Mara]]&nbsp;• [[Conmhaícne|Conmhaícne Cenéoil Dubáin]]&nbsp;• [[Conmhaícne|Conmhaícne Cúile Tolad]]&nbsp;• [[Conmhaícne|Conmhaícne Maigh Réin]]&nbsp;• [[Conmhaícne|Conmhaícne Meánmhaighe]]&nbsp;• [[Conmhaícne|Conmhaícne Sléibe Formaile]]&nbsp;• [[Ciarraige Aí]]&nbsp;• [[Ciarraige Locha na nÁirne]]&nbsp;• [[Ciarraige Airtech]]&nbsp;• [[Ciarraige Óic Bethra]] &nbsp;• [[Soghain]] | group3 = [[Deirgtine]] | list3 = [[Luigne Chonnacht|Luighne]]&nbsp;• [[Corca Fhir Trí]]&nbsp;• [[Gailenga]]&nbsp;• [[Delbna]]&nbsp;• [[Éile]] | group4 = [[Érainn]] | list4 = [[Cálraige]]&nbsp;• [[Dartraige]] | group5 = Eile | list5 = [[Fir Ol nEchmacht]]&nbsp;• [[Dál nDruithne]]&nbsp;• [[Gamanraige]]&nbsp;• [[Fir Domnann]]&nbsp;• [[Senchineoil]]&nbsp;• [[Grecraige]]&nbsp;• [[Delbhna|Delbhna Cuile Fabhair]]&nbsp;• [[Dealbhna Thír Dhá Loch|Delbna Tír Dhá Locha]]&nbsp;• [[Delbna Nuadat]]&nbsp;• [[Uaithne]]&nbsp;• [[Masraige]]&nbsp;• [[Corco Moga]] }} | group2 = Rítheaghlaigh | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Muintreacha | list1 = [[Uí Fiachrach]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fiachrach Aidne]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fiachrach Muaide]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Briúin]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Briúin Seóla]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Briúin Aí]]&nbsp;• [[Uí nAilello]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Maine]] | group2 = Clanna | list2 = [[Uí Sheachnasaigh]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Chonchúir]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Dhubhda]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fhlannagáin]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Ruairc]]&nbsp;• [[Uí Fhlaithbheartaigh]] }} | group10 = Ríochtaí comharbachta | list10 = [[Uí Maine]] ([[Síol Anmchadha]], [[Máenmaige]], [[Clann Uatach]])&nbsp;• [[Bréifne]] ([[Bréifne Thoir|Thoir]] agus [[Bréifne Thiar|Thiar]])&nbsp;• [[Uí Díarmata]]&nbsp;• [[Síl Máelruain]]&nbsp;• [[Magh Luir]]&nbsp;• [[Umaill]]&nbsp;• [[Iar Connacht]] | group11 = Ábhair | list11 = [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]&nbsp;• [[Ráth Cruachan]]&nbsp;• [[Annála Connacht]]&nbsp;• [[Táin Bó Flidais]]&nbsp;• [[Cóiced Ol nEchmacht]]&nbsp;• [[Nagnatae]]&nbsp;• [[Auteini]]&nbsp;• [[na Trí Tuatha]]&nbsp;• [[Clann Taidg]]&nbsp;• [[Clann Fhearghaile]]&nbsp;• [[Muintir Murchada]]&nbsp;• [[Maigh Seóla]] | belowclass = hlist | below = {{Icon|Category}} [[:Catagóir:Connachta|Category]]&nbsp;• {{Icon|WikiProject}} [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Celts|WikiProject]] }} == Íochtar Chonnacht == * [[Íochtar Chonnacht]], [[Cairbre Drom Cliabh]]=[[Cairbre Dhroim Chliabh]], [[Corann]], [[Cúl ó bhFionn]] ([[Cúil Ó bhFinn]]-), [[Luigne Chonnacht]]=[[Luíne Chonnacht]], [[Tír Fíacrach Múaide]]=[[Tír Fhiacrach Mhuaidhe]], <strike>[[Tir Ollíol]]</strike>&rarr;[[Tír Ollíol]]=[[Tír Oirill]] == Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne == * [[Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne]], [[Goibnenn mac Conaill]]=[[Goibhneann mac Conaill]], [[Cobthach mac Gabráin]]=[[Cobhthach mac Gabhráin]], [[Cellach mac Guairi]]=[[Ceallach mac Guairi]]=[[Ceallach mac Guaire]], [[Muirchertach Nár mac Guairi]], [[Conchobar mac Cummascaig]]=[[Conchúr mac Cumascaigh]], [[Art mac Flaitnia]]=[[Art mac Flaithnia]], [[Anluan mac Conchobhair]]=[[Anluan mac Cumascaigh]], [[Cathal Aidhne mac Ailealla]]-, [[Cléireach mac Ceadaigh]]-, [[Tighearnach mac Cathmogha]]=[[Tiarnach mac Cathmhogha]]-, [[Uathmharán mac Brocáin]]-, [[Mael Fabhaill mac Cléirigh]]=[[Maolfhabhaill mac Cléirigh]], [[Eidhean mac Cléirigh]], [[Tighearnach ua Cléirigh]], [[Mael Macduach]]=[[Maol xxx]]-, [[Domhnall mac Lorcáin]]-, [[Flann Ua Cléirigh]]-, [[Comhaltán Ua Cléirigh]], [[Mac Comhaltáin Ua Cléirigh]], [[Giolla Cheallaigh Ua Cléirigh]], [[Mael Ruanaidh na Paidre Ua hEidhin]], [[Ua Comhaltáin Ua Cléirigh]], [[Mael Fabhaill Ua hEidhin]], [[Giolla na Naomh Ua hEidhin]], [[Aodh Ua hEidhin]], [[Giolla Mo Choinne Ua Cathail]], [[Giolla Cheallaigh Ua hEidhin]]-, [[Muirgheas Ua hEidhin]]-, [[Eoghan Ó hEidhin]]-, [[Eoghan Ó hEidhin (II)]] == Maigh Sheola == * [[Maigh Seóla]]=[[Maigh Sheola]], [[Donn mac Cumascaigh]], [[Maolán mac Cathmhogha]], [[Murchadh mac Maonaigh]], [[Cléirchén mac Murchadha]], [[Urchadh mac Murchadha]], [[Donnchadh mac Urchadha]], [[Murchadh mac Flainn mhic Gleithneacháin]], [[Ruaidhrí mac Coscraigh]], [[Maelcairearda]], [[Brian mac Maolruanaidh]], [[Cathal mac Ruaidhrí]], [[Amhalaidh mac Cathail]], [[Cathal mac Ruaidhrí]], [[Muireadhach ua Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Murchadh ua an Chapaill Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]- == Iar Chonnacht == * [[Iar Connacht]]=[[Iar Chonnacht]], (Maigh Sheola: [[Donn mac Cumascaigh]], [[Maolán mac Cathmhogha]], [[Murchadh mac Maonaigh]], [[Urchadh mac Murchadha]], [[Donnchadh mac Urchadha]], [[Brian mac Maolruanaidh]], [[Muireadhach ua Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Murchadh ua an Chapaill Ua Flaithbheartaigh]], [[Cathal mac Ruaidhrí]], [[Amhalaidh mac Cathail]]), [[Cathal mac Tigernáin]]=[[Cathal mac Tiarnáin]], Rúaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Ruaidhrí Ua Flaithbheartaigh (I)]]=[[Ruairí Ó Flaithearta (I)]], [[Aedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Aodh Ó Flaithearta (I)]], Mac meic Aedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Mac mic Aodha Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Mac mhic Aodha Ó Flaithearta]], [[Flaithbertach Ua Flaithbertaigh]]=[[Flaitheartach Ó Flaithearta]], [[Brian Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Brian Ó Flaithearta]], [[Muireadhach Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Muireadhach Ó Flaithearta]], [[Conchobhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Conchúr Ó Flaithearta (I)]], Ruaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Ruaidhrí Ua Flaithbheartaigh (II)]]=[[Ruairí Ó Flaithearta (II)]], Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Aodh Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Aodh Ó Flaithearta (II)]], [[Conchubhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Conchúr Ó Flaithearta (II)]], Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh&rarr;[[Ruaidhrí Ua Flaithbheartaigh (III)]]=[[Ruairí Ó Flaithearta (III)]], Murtough Ua Flaithbertaigh&rarr;[[Muircheartach Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Muircheartach Ó Flaithearta]], Rudhraighe Ó Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Ruaidhrí Ua Flaithbheartaigh (IV)]]=[[Ruairí Ó Flaithearta (IV)]], [[Aedh Mór Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Aodh Mór Ó Flaithearta]], Morogh Ó Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Murchadh Ua Flaithbheartaigh]]=[[Murchadh Ó Flaithearta]], Ruaidhri Ó Flaithbheartaigh&rarr;[[Ruaidhrí Ua Flaithbheartaigh (V)]]=[[Ruairí Ó Flaithearta (V)]] Cúigear Ruairí..! # Rúaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh, ACM 1061.13: Ruaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh # Ruaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh, ACM 1145.17: Ruaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh. # Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh, AU 1186.7 LATE: Ruaidhri h-Ua Flaithbertaigh, ACM 1186.2: Ruaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh # Rudhraighe Ó Flaithbheartaigh, ACM 1214.6: Brian mac Ruaidhri Í Fhlaithb<u>e</u>rtaigh # Ruaidhri Ó Flaithbheartaigh, ACM 1256.9: Ruaidhri Ua Flaithb<u>e</u>rtaigh Beirt Aodh # [[Aedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh]], ACM 1079.8: Aedh Ua Flaithbhertaigh # Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh, ACM 1178.10: Aodh Ua Flaithbertaigh Beirt Chonchúr # [[Conchobhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh]], ACM 1132.11: Concobhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh, # [[Conchubhar Ua Flaithbheartaigh]], AU 1186.7 LATE: Conchubhar h-Ua Flaithbhertaigh == Uí Dhiarmada == * [[Uí Díarmata]]=[[Uí Dhiarmada]], [[Ríthe Uí Dhiarmada]], [[Tadhg mac Muircheartaigh]]=[[Tadhg Uí Dhiarmada]], [[Cú Cheanainn mac Taidhg]], [[Giolla Comáin mac Néill]], [[Muirghius mac Aodha]], [[Mac Con Cheanainn]], [[Muirgheas ua Con Cheanainn]], [[Aodh Ua Con Cheanainn (I)]], [[Muirgheas Ua Con Cheanainn]], [[Aodh Ua Con Cheanainn (II)]], [[Tadhg Ua Con Cheanainn]], [[Uada Ua Con Cheanainn]], [[Cú Cheanainn Ó Con Cheanainn]] == Síol Anmchadha == * [[Síol Anmchadha]], [[Ríthe Shíol Anmchadha]], [[Diarmaid mac Dúnadhaigh]], [[Cú Chonnacht mac Dúnadhaigh]], [[Madadhán mac Gadhra Mhóir]], [[Gadhra Mór mac Dúnadhaigh]], [[Doghra mac Dúnadhaigh]], [[Dúnadhach mac Con Chonnacht]], [[Diarmaid mac Madadháin]], [[Madadhán Reamhar Ua Madadháin]], [[Gilla Find mac Maic Uallacháin]]=[[Giolla Fionn mac Mhic Uallacháin]], [[Diarmaid Ua Madadháin]], [[Cú Choirne Ua Madadháin]], [[Madadhán Mór Ua Madadháin]], [[Maoileachlann Ua Madadháin]], [[Diarmaid Cléireach Ua Madadháin]], [[Madadhán Óg Ó Madadháin]], [[Cathal Ó Madadháin]] == Uí Mhaine == * [[Uí Maine]]=[[Uí Mhaine]], [[Máine Mór]]=[[Maine Mór]]?, [[Ríthe Uí Mhaine]], [[Bresal mac Maine Móir]]=[[Breasal mac Maine Mhóir]], [[Fiachra Finn]], [[Conall Cas Ciabhach]], [[Dallán mac Breasail]], [[Duach mac Dalláin]], [[Lughaidh mac Dalláin]], [[Feradhach mac Lughadha]]=[[Fearadhach mac Luighdheach]], [[Maine mac Cerbaill]]=[[Maine mac Cearbhaill]], [[Marcán]], [[Cairbre Crom]], [[Brenainn mac Cairbre]], [[Aedh Buidhe]]=[[Aodh Buí]], [[Conall mac Maelduib]]=[[Conall mac Maolduibh]], [[Marcán mac Tommáin]]=[[Marcán mac Tomáin]], [[Fithceallach mac Flainn]]=[[Ficheallach mac Flainn]], [[Sechnassach mac Congail]]=[[Seachnasach mac Congail]], [[Dluthach mac Fithcheallaigh]]=[[Dlúthach mac Ficheallaigh]], [[Cathal Maenmaighe]]=[[Cathal Mheánmhaigh]], [[Ailill ua Daimine]]=[[Ailill ua Daimhine]]=[[Ailill ó Daimhine]], [[Inreachtach mac Dluthaigh]]=[[Inreachtach mac Dlúthaigh]], [[Aedh Ailghin]]=[[Aodh Ailghin]], [[Dunchadh ua Daimhine]]=[[Dúnchadh ó Daimhine]], [[Conall mac Fidhghaile]], [[Dunchadh mac Duib Da Tuadh]]=[[Dúnchadh mac Duibh Dhá Thuadh]], [[Amhalgaidh]], [[Ailill mac Inreachtaigh]], [[Dub Dá Leithe mac Tomaltaigh]]=[[Dubh Dhá Leath mac Tomaltaigh]], [[Cathal mac Murchadha]], [[Cathal mac Ailella]]=[[Cathal mac Ailealla]], [[Mughrón mac Sochlacháin]], [[Sochlachán mac Diarmata]]=[[Sochlachán mac Diarmada]], [[Murchadh mac Sochlacháin]], [[Murchadh mac Aodha Uí Mhaine]], [[Geibennach mac Aedha]]=[[Geibheannach mac Aodha]], [[Muirgheas mac Domhnaill]] * [[Tadg Mór Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Tadhg Mór Ó Ceallaigh]], Gadhra mac Dúnadhaigh, [[Concobar mac Taidg Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Conchúr mac Taidhg Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Mac Taidg Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Diarmait mac Taidg Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Diarmaid mac Taidhg Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Dunchadh Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Dúnchadh Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Aed Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Aodh Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Diarmaid Ua Madadháin]], [[Tadg Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Tadhg Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Conchúr Mheánmhaighe Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Murchad Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Murchadh Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Domnall Mór Ua Cellaigh]]=[[Domhnall Mór Ó Ceallaigh]] == Ríthe Shliabh Lugha == * [[Sliabh Lugha]]&rarr;[[Ríthe Sliabh Lugha]]=[[Ríthe Shliabh Lugha]], [[Donn Sléibhe Ó Gadhra (I)]], [[Ruairí Ó Gadhra (I)]], [[Domhnall Ó Gadhra]], [[Donn Sléibhe Ó Gadhra (II)]], [[Ruairí Ó Gadhra (II)]], [[Ruairí Ó Gadhra (III)]] == Magh Loirg == * [[Mag Luirg]]=[[Magh Loirg]], [[Ríthe Mhagh Loirg]], [[Maolruanaidh Mór mac Taidhg]], [[Muircheartach mac Maolruanaí Mhóir]], [[Tadhg mac Muircheartaigh]], [[Maolruanaidh mac Taidhg]], [[Tadhg Mór mac Maolruanaí]], [[Maolseachlann mac Taidhg Mhóir]], <strike>[[Diarmad mac Taidhg Mhóir]]</strike>&rarr;[[Diarmaid mac Taidhg Mhóir]], [[Muirgheas mac Taidhg Mhóir]], [[Conchúr mac Diarmada]], [[Tomaltach na Cairge Mac Diarmata]]=[[Tomaltach na Carraige Mac Diarmada]], [[Cormac Mac Diarmada (I)]] == Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Mhuaidhe == * [[Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Mhuaidhe]], [[Aireachtach ua Dúnchadha Mhuirsce]], [[Connmhach mac Duinn Cothaidhe]]=[[Conmhach mac Doinn Cothaithe]], [[Dubhda mac Conmhaigh]], [[Aodh ua Dubhda]], [[Maol Ruanaidh Ua Dubhda]], [[Aedhuar Ua Dubhda]], [[Muircheartach An Collach Ua Dubhda]], [[Domhnall Fionn Ua Dubhda]], [[Mac Aodha Ua Dubhda]], [[Amhlaibh mac Domhnaill Fhionn Ua Dubhda]], [[Mac Domhnaill Ua Dubhda]], [[Aodh mac Muircheartaigh Ua Dubhda]], [[Ruaidhrí Mear Ua Dubhda]], [[An Cosnamhaigh Ua Dubhda]], [[Taichleach Ua Dubhda]] * Eile gan leathanaigh: Cathal mac Ailealla, Aodh mac Maoil Phádraig, Mael Cluiche mac Conchobair=Maol Cloiche mac Conchúir, ''Crichan mac Mael Muire'' == Umhaill == * <strike>[[Umall]]</strike>=[[Umaill]]=[[Umhaill]], [[Ríthe Umhaill]], [[Maille mac Conaill]], [[Flannabhra]], [[Dunghal mac Flaithniadh]], [[Aedhghal]], [[Flathghal mac Flannbhrath]], [[Cosgrach mac Flannbhrath]], [[Cairbre mac Cinaedh]], [[Gilla na nInghen Ua Cobhthaigh]], [[Domhnall Ó Máille (I)]], [[Domhnall Ó Máille (II)]] (Rua), [[Domhnall Ó Máille (III)]], [[Aodh Ó Máille]], [[Diarmaid Ó Máille]], [[Tadhg mac Diarmada Ó Máille]] == Ríthe Luíne Chonnacht == * [[Ríthe Luíne Chonnacht]], [[Eaghra Paiprigh mac Saorghais]] == Eile (3) == * [[Ríochtaí Éireann]] * [[Liosta de Bharúntachtaí]] = Bliain 4, 2021 - 2022 = == Feabhsú na Gaeilge == Mar is gnách... féach thuas. == Ollaimh Éireann == * [[Adna mac Uthidir]], [[Torna Éices]], [[Dubhthach moccu Lughair]], ([[Dallán Forgaill]]), [[Senchán Torpéist]], <strike>[[Máel Muire Otháin]]=</strike>[[Máel Muire Othna]]=[[Maol Mhuire Fhathna]], [[Flann mac Lonáin]], <strike>[[Torpaid mac Taicthech]]=</strike>[[Torpaid mac Taicthich]]=[[]], [[Óengus mac Óengusa]]=[[Aonghas mac Aonghasa]], [[Bard Boinne]], [[Uallach ingen Muinecháin]], [[Cormacán Éigeas]], [[Cinaedh Ua hArtagáin]]=[[Cinaedh ua hArtagáin]]=[[Cionnaoth ó hArtagáin]], [[Eochaidh Ua Floinn]]=[[Eochaidh ua Floinn]], [[Urard mac Coise]], [[Clothna mac Aenghusa]], [[Muircheartach mac Con Cheartaigh Mac Liag]], [[Cúán úa Lothcháin]], [[Cú Mara mac Maic Liac]], [[Mac Beathaidh mac Ainmire]], [[Ceaunfaeladh ua Cuill]]=[[]], [[Flaithem mac Maele Gaimrid]], [[Cellach úa Rúanada]], [[Mael Isa ua Máilgiric]], [[Cú Collchaille Ua Baígilláin]], [[Cú Connacht Ua Dálaigh]], [[Gillamaire Ua Conallta]], [[Tadhg Ua Dálaigh]], [[Máel Íosa Ua Dálaigh]], [[Giolla Ernain Ó Martain]], [[Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh]], # [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], # [[Sean mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]] == Ginealas == * [[Ginealas Éireannach]], [[Leabhar na nGinealach]], [[Coimre na nGinealach]], [[An Leabhar Muimhneach]], [[Leabhar Cloinne Maoil Ruanaidh]]=[[Leabhar Chlann Mhaoil Ruanaidh]], [[Leabhar Clainne Suibhne]]=[[Leabhar Chlann Suibhne]], [[Leabhar Ádhaimh Uí Chianáin]] == Gineolaithe == * [[Eochaid ua Flannacáin]], [[Flann Mainistrech]]=[[Flann Mainistreach]], [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde]], [[Gilla Críst Ua Máel Eóin]]=[[Giolla Chríost Ó Maoil Eoin]], [[Amhlaoibh Mór mac Fir Bhisigh]], [[Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn]]=[[Giolla na Naomh Ó Duinn]], [[Giolla Íosa Mac Fir Bhisigh]], [[Tanaide Mór mac Dúinnín Ó Maolconaire]]=[[Tanaí Mór mac Dúinnín Ó Maolchonaire]], [[Domnall Ó Cuindlis]], [[Lúcás Ó Dalláin]], [[Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin]], [[Ádhamh Ó Cianáin]], [[Ádhamh Cúisín]], [[Faolán Mac an Ghabhann na Scéal]], [[Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Firbhisigh]], [[Giolla na Naomh Ó hUidhrín]], [[Giolla na Naomh Mac Aodhagáin]], [[Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh]]=[[Cú Choigríche Ó Cléirigh]], [[Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh]], [[Cú Choigcríche Ó Duibhgeannain]]=[[Cú Choigríche Ó Duibhgeannáin]], [[Triallam timcheall na Fodla]], [[Tuilleadh feasa ar Éirinn óigh]], [[Críchad an Chaoilli]], [[Máel Muire mac Céilechair]]=[[Maol Mhuire mac Céileachair]]- == Scoláirí == * [[James Ware]]-, [[Uilliam Ó Duinnín]], [[Seán Ó Catháin]], [[Séarlas Ó Conchubhair Doinn]]=[[Séarlas Ó Conchúir Dhoinn]], [[John O'Donovan (scoláire)]]=([[Seán Ó Donnabháin]]), [[John O'Hart]]-, ([[Edward MacLysaght]]=[[Éamonn Mac Giolla Iasachta]]), [[Nollaig Ó Muraíle]]-, ([[Rudolf Thurneysen]]), [[Osborn Bergin]]-, [[R. I. Best]]=[[Richard Irvine Best]]-, ([[D. A. Binchy]]), ([[Kuno Meyer]]), ([[Eugene O'Curry]]=[[Eoghan Ó Comhraí]]), [[James Carney]], [[John Carey]], ([[T. F. O'Rahilly]]=[[Tomás Ó Rathile]]=[[Tomás Ó Rathaile]]), [[Francis J. Byrne]]=[[Francis John Byrne]], [[Edel Bhreathnach]], [[John T. Koch]]-, [[Celtica (iriseán)]], [[Éigse (iriseán)]], [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]], [[T. M. Charles-Edwards]]=[[Thomas Charles-Edwards]], [[Hubert T. Knox]]=[[Hubert Thomas Knox]], [[Donnchadh Ó Corráin]] == Déise == * [[Ríthe Dhéise Mumhan]] * [[Dál gCais]]+ ** [[Dál gCais#Stair]] == Suíomhanna == # [[A. G. van Hamel]], [[Stichting Van Hamel]], [[CODECS]], *selgā # [[Thesaurus Linguae Hibernicae]] (TLH) # [[Irish Script on Screen]], [[Meamram Páipéar Ríomhaire]] (ISoS, ISOS) # [[Celtic Digital Initiative]] (CDI) == Dál Riada == * [[Dál Riada]], [[Ríthe Dhál Riada]], [[Fearghas Mór mac Eirc]]=[[Fearghas Mór]], [[Domhanghart Réite]], [[Comhghall mac Domhanghairt]], [[Gabhrán mac Domhanghairt]], [[Conall mac Comgaill]], [[Aodhán mac Gabhráin]], [[Eochaid Buide]]=[[Eochaidh Buí]], [[Connad Cerr]], [[Domnall Brecc]]=[[Domhnall Breac]], [[Ferchar mac Connaid]]=[[Fearchar mac Connaidh]], [[Dúnchad mac Conaing]]=[[Dúnchadh mac Conaing]], [[Conall Crandomna]]=[[Conall Crannomhna]], [[Domangart mac Domnaill]]=[[Domhanghart mac Domhnaill]], [[Máel Dúin mac Conaill]]=[[Maol Dúin mac Conaill]], [[Domnall Donn]]=[[Domhnall Donn]], [[Ferchar Fota]]=[[Fearchar Fada]], [[Eochaid mac Domangairt]]=[[Eochaidh mac Domhanghairt]], [[Ainbcellach mac Ferchair]]=[[Ainfhaichilleach mac Fearchair]], [[Fiannamail ua Dúnchado]]=[[Fianamhail ó Dúnchadha]], [[Selbach mac Ferchair]]=[[Sealbhach mac Fearchair]], [[Dúngal mac Selbaig]]=[[Dúnghal mac Sealbhaigh]], [[Eochaid mac Echdach]]=[[Eochaidh mac Eochach]], [[Alpín mac Echdach]]=[[Ailpín mac Eochach]], [[Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig]]=[[Muireadhach mac Ainfhaichilligh]], [[Eógan mac Muiredaig]]=[[Eoghan mac Muireadhaigh]] # [[Áed Find]]=[[Aodh Fionn]] # [[Fergus mac Echdach]] # [[Donn Coirce]] # [[Eochaid mac Áeda Find]] # [[Constantine]] # [[Oengus]] # [[Drust]] # [[Eoganan]] # [[Alpin II]] # [[Coinneach I na hAlban|Coinneach]] == Connachta srl. == * [[Cairpre Gabra]]=[[Cairbre Ghabhra]], [[Senchán Torpéist]], [[Tromdámh Guaire]] == Tuamha == # Muircheartach mac Toirdhealbhach # Muircheartach Dall # Conchúr Rua == An Féineachas, srl == * [[An Féineachas]] *# [[Aithechtúatha]] *# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] * [[Breithem]] *# [[Breithem#Stair]] &larr; [[:en:Brehon#History]] *# [[Breithem#Céilí Dé]] &larr; [[:en:Brehon#Brehon Laws and the Early Irish Church(Céilí Dé)]] *# [[Breithem#Na Normannaigh]] &larr; [[:en:Brehon#The Brehon laws and Anglo-Norman Invasion of 1169]] * [[Dubthach maccu Lugair]]=[[Dubhthach moccu Lughair]]=[[Dubhthach mhic Lughair]] # [[Odhrán (giolla Phádraig)]] &larr; [[:en:Odran (disciple of Saint Patrick)]] # [[Odrán]]=[[Órán]] &larr; [[:en:Odran]] #* [[Slat na ríghe]], [[Iomarbhágh na bhFileadh]]=[[Iomarbhá na bhFilí]] == Scéalta (4) == # [[Navigatio Sancti Brendan]] &larr; [[:de:Navigatio Sancti Brendani]] # Aided Con Roí # Forfess Fer Fálgae agus Síaburcharpat Con Culainn # Orgguin Trí Mac Díarmata mic Cerbaill # Cath Achadh Leithdheirg # Cath Móin Daire Lothair # Cath Cairnd Chonaill # [[:en:List of conflicts in Ireland]] == Ogham == # [[CIIC 1]] # [[CIIC 54]]=[[Cnámh Thulach Chumann]] &larr; [[:en:Tullycommon Bone]] # [[CIIC 362]] # [[CIIC 500]] &larr; [[:en:CIIC 500]] # [[CIIC 504]] &larr; [[:en:CIIC 504]] == Miotaseolaíocht (4) == # [[Miotaseolaíocht na gCeilteach]] &larr; [[:en:Celtic mythology]] #* [[Déithe na gCeilteach]] == Ag líonadh na mbearnaí == * [[Rítheaghlaigh Ghaelacha]], [[Ceann na Fine]]-, [[Éire (bandia)]]+, [[Cúigí na hÉireann#Réamhstair]], [[Cúigí na hÉireann#Stair]], [[Cúige Chonnacht#Luathstair]], [[Hipitéis substráit Ghaeilise]], [[Ealaín na nOileán]]-, [[Cló na nOileán]], [[Teimpléad:Unicode chart Insular]], [[Uí Chléirigh]], [[Peter Schrijver]], [[Leabhar Ard Mhacha]]+, [[Ferdomnach]]=[[Feardhomhnach]], [[Muirchú moccu Machtheni]]-, [[Bachall Isu]]=[[Bachall Íosa]]-, [[Leabhar Dharú]], [[Cathach Cholm Cille]], [[Cúige Chonnacht#Ríocht na gConnacht]], [[Uí Chonchúir Dhoinn]], [[Síl Muiredaig]]=[[Síol Muiredaigh]]=[[Síol Mhuireadhaigh]]=[[Síol Mhuirí]], [[Uí Cellaigh]]=[[Uí Cheallaigh]], [[Cellach mac Fíonachta]]=[[Ceallach mac Fíonachta]], [[Cualu]]=[[Cuala]], [[James MacKillop]]-, [[Uí Flaithbertaigh]]=[[Uí Fhlaithbheartaigh]], [[Bé Binn iníon Urchadha]]=[[Béibhinn ní Urchadha]], [[Creassa iníon Urchadha]]=[[Creasa ní Urchadha]], [[Caineach iníon Urchadha]]=[[Caineach ní Urchadha]], [[Cainnech (ainm)]]=[[Caineach (ainm)]], [[Clann Cosgraigh]]=[[Clann Chosgraigh]], [[Muireadhach mac Aodha]], [[Ruaidhrí Mac Aodha]], [[Banfhlaith]]=[[Flaith]], [[Mhic Dhiarmada]], [[Cúige Laighean#Stair]], [[Uí Dúnchada]]=[[Uí Dhúnchadha]], [[Uí Fáeláin]]=[[Uí Fhaoláin]], [[Uí Muiredaig]]=[[Uí Mhuireadhaigh]]=[[Uí Mhuirí]], [[Uí Thuathail]], [[Uí Bhroin]], [[Leabhar Branach]], [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]], [[Fir Cheall]], [[Uí Dhubhuir]], [[Cúige Mumhan#Stair]], [[Uí Eidirsceoil]], [[Uí Bhriain]], [[Lugaid Mend]]-, [[Conall Eachluath]]-, [[Tál Cas]], <strike>[[Lorcáin mac Lachtna]]</strike>→[[Lorcán mac Lachtna]], [[Muircheartach mac Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain]], [[Uí Ghrádaigh]], [[Uí Allmhuráin]], [[Mhic an Airchinnigh]], [[Uí Chinnéide]], [[Órlaith ingen Cennétig]], [[Mhic Cárthaigh]], [[Mhic Cárthaigh Mhúscraí]]-, [[Mhic Cárthaigh Riabhach]]-, [[Uí Ímair]]=[[Uí Íomhair]]-, [[Uí Chaoimh]], [[Mhic Giolla Chuda]], [[Mac Giolla Chuda na gCruach]], [[Uí Dhonnchadha na nGleann]], [[Uí Chonaill]], [[Conall (idirdhealú)]], [[Uí Shúilleabháin]]-, [[Uí Cheallacháin]]-, [[Uí Dhonnchadha]]-, [[Uí Dhonnabháin]]-, [[Uí Shéaghdha]], [[Cúige Uladh#Luathstair]], [[Mhic Lochlainn]], [[Uí Dhomhnaill]], [[Máelsechnaill Ua Domnaill]]=[[Maol Seachlainn Ó Domhnaill]], [[Gofraid Ua Domnaill]]=[[Gofraidh Ó Domhnaill]], [[Domnall Óg Ua Domnaill]]=[[Domhnall Óg Ó Domhnaill]], [[Uí Dhonnghaile]], [[Uí Raghallaigh]], [[An Anaíle]], [[Uí Fhaircheallaigh]], [[Liber Flavus Fergusiorum]]+, [[Uí Fhearghail]], [[Clann Somhairle]]-, [[Féilire Thamhlachta]], [[Seán Mac Colgan]]-, [[Saltair na Rann]], [[Táin Bó]], [[Táin Bó Regamon]] * [[Trecheng Breth Féne]], [[Echtra Cormaic]], [[Leabhar Dimma]]=[[Leabhar Dhioma]], [[Leabhar Mholing]], [[Codex Usserianus Primus]], [[Codex Usserianus Secundus]]=[[Ceithre Leabhar Bhinn Éadair]], [[Leabhar Aifrinn Lothra]]=[[Leabhar Aifrinn Stowe]], [[Leabhar Cloinne Aodha Buidhe]], [[ARÉ 24 P 33]], [[Leabhar Donn]], [[Soiscéalta Mhic Thornáin]], [[Leabhar Ghinealaigh Uí Chléirigh]], [[Cumdach]]=[[Cumhdach]]-, [[Teimpléad:Cumhdaigh]], [[Soiscél Molaisse]]=[[Soiscéal Mholaise]]-, [[Domnach Airgid]]=[[Domhnach Airgid]]-, [[An Míosach]]- * [[Cú Connacht Ua Dálaigh]], [[Gillamaire Ua Conallta]], [[Tadhg Ua Dálaigh]], [[Máel Íosa Ua Dálaigh]], [[Giolla Ernain Ó Martain]], [[Máine Tethbae]], [[Uí Laoghaire]], [[Uí Dhálaigh]]-, [[Dáithí Ó Coimín]]=[[Dáithí Coimín]], [[Edward Gwynn]], [[Gearóid Mac Niocaill]], [[Margaret Dobbs]], [[Peter Berresford Ellis]], [[Marie-Louise Sjoestedt]], [[Pól Breathnach]]-, [[Kenneth Nicholls]], [[Patrick Weston Joyce]], [[Robert Dwyer Joyce]]-, [[Donncha Ó Cróinín]], [[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín]], [[Trevor Joyce]]-, [[Muireann Ní Bhrolcháin]], [[Meidhbhín Ní Úrdail]], [[Liosta de lámhscríbhinní Éireannacha]], [[Saltair Chaimín]], [[Leabhar Dhèir]]=[[Leabhar Dhéir]], [[Revue Celtique]]=[[Études Celtiques]], [[Uí Fergusa]]=[[Uí Fhearghasa]], [[Aedh Ua Conchobair]]=[[Aodh Ó Conchúir]]- mac Cathail Chrobhdheirg, [[Aedh mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair]]=[[Aodh mac Ruairí Ó Conchúir]], [[Altram Tige Dá Medar]], [[Éadbhard Ó Raghallaigh]], [[Gormflaith ingen Murchada]]=[[Gormlaith ní Mhurchadha]], Miotaseolaíocht na nGael (tuilleadh), [[Nodens]]-, [[Lugus]]-, [[Taranis]]-, [[Ogmios]]-, [[Catubodua]]-, [[Brigantia]]-, [[Lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]]-, [[Leabhar Soiscéal]]-, [[Miotaseolaíocht na gCeilteach]], [[Ildiachas Ceilteach]]-=[[Sean-reiligiún Ceilteach?]] creideamh? creidimh? ársa?, [[Ceiltigh na nOileán]]-, [[Ceiltis na nOileán]]-, [[Ceiltis na Mór-Roinne]]-, [[Na Briotanaigh Cheilteacha]]-=[[Briotanaigh Cheilteacha]], [[Miotaseolaíocht na mBreatnach]]-, [[Ábhar na Breataine]]-, [[Triscéil]]-, [[Nora Kershaw Chadwick]]-, [[Léann Ceilteach]]-, [[Náisiúin Cheilteacha]]-, [[Peritia]], [[Teangacha Briotainice]]-, [[Briotainic Choiteann]]- [[Cruithnis]]-, [[Teimpléad:lang-br]], [[Epona]]-, [[Mearcair (miotaseolaíocht)]]-, [[Esus]]-, [[Teutates]]-, [[Bandia an fhlaithis]], [[Nuadha (ainm)]], [[Feis]]-, [[Ceiltibéaraigh]]-, [[Belenos]]-, [[Belisama]]-, [[Sucellus]]- == Eile (4) == * [[Cairpre Gabra]], [[Dál gCais#Stair]], [[Breithem#Stair]], [[Slat na ríghe]], [[Suíomhanna ríoga Éireann]], [[Donnabhán mac Cathail]]-, [[Tadc mac Briain]]=[[Tadhg mac Briain]], [[Ressad]]=[[Reasadh]], [[Na Ceiltigh#Réamhrá]], [[Déithe na gCeilteach]], [[Liosta de Dhéithe Ceilteacha]], [[Aibell]], [[Uirne]], [[Tadg mac Nuadat]]=[[Tadhg mac Nuad]], [[Bran agus Sceólang]]=[[]], [[Aonach]] * Dreamanna *# [[]] &larr; [[:en:List of Irish clans]] * Léarscáileanna *# [[Cairt phortalach]] *# [[Cairt Chatalóinise]] * Lámhscríbhinní *# [[Liosta Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha]] &larr; [[:en:List of Irish manuscripts]] *#* [[Leabhar Ard Mhacha]] *# Book of Ballycummin (RIA MS 23 N 10) *#* [[Leabhar Dharú]], [[Lebor Cuanu]]=[[Leabhar Chuana]], [[Landnámabók]] * Ríochtaí *# [[Ríocht Átha Cliath]] *# [[Ríocht na nOileán]] *# [[Ríthe na gCruithneach]] *## [[Vipoig]] &larr; [[:en:Vipoig]] *# [[Fáistine Bhreacáin]] * Le meadú ** [[Cúirt an Mheán Oíche#Achoimre an dáin]] *# [[Gallóglach]] *# [[Cluain Catha]] (leac uaighe) *# [[Bard]] *# [[Seanchaí]] *#* [[Cenn Fáelad mac Ailella]]=[[Ceann Faoladh mac Ailealla]] *# [[Mo Ling]] = Bliain 5, 2025 - = == An Féineachas == [[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]). Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]'' ''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais. Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní): * [[Senchas Már]] (SM), [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]]), [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]]), [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA), [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]]) As nua, iomlán: * [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH), [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA), [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]]), [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]]), [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13), [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]]), [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]]) [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA), [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337), [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3) [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]]), [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]]), [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363), [[Uí Lochlainn]], [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]], [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]], [[Bóaire]], [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]], [[Brehon Law Commission]], [[Mac Aodhagáin]] &rightarrow; [[Mhic Aodhagáin]], [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]], [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Leabharlann COBÁC]], [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]], [[Thom McGinty]] As nua, síolta: * [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-, [[Gabháil chine]]-, [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-, [[Galanas]]-, [[Accessus ad auctores]]-, [[Hapax legomenon]]-, [[Robert Atkinson]]- == Foclóireacht == * [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]], [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-, [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]] == Litríoch == * [[Murúch]]-, [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-, [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]], [[Bernhard Maier]], [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]], [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]], [[Irish Astronomical Tract]]=[[]], [[Ranna an aeir]] == Abhantrach na Sionainne == * [[Abhantrach na Sionainne]], [[Inis Cloithrinn]], [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]], [[Loch Bó Dearg]], [[Loch Bó Finne]] (idirdhealú) [[Loch Bó Finne (An tSionainn)]], [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe]]-, [[Loch Foirbis]] , [[Loch Teapa]]-, [[:Catagóir:An tSionainn]], [[Loc Albert]], [[Canáil Chill Srianáin]], [[Canáil na Leithcheathrún]], [[Abhainn na Mainistreach]], [[An Inthe]], [[An Eithne]], [[Abhainn Chalatroma]], [[Loch na gCurrach]], [[Loch Fuinseann]], [[Loch Éadaoine]], [[An Abhainn Mhór, Contae an Chabháin]] == Lochanna == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann]] [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Aontroma]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chill Mhantáin]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chorcaí]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhoire]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Dúin]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhuineacháin]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhaigh Eo]], [[:Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Thír Eoghain]] * [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]], [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]], [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]], ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'', ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' = Scéal-liostaí = * [https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Medieval_Irish_tale_lists Scéal-liostaí A agus B] ar CODECS * ''Ces Ulad ''vs.'' Noínden Ulad * ''Tromdámh Guaire * ''It é saigte gona súain == Mythen und Sagen aus Irland == {| width="100%" class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Titel !! Inhalt |- valign=top | [[Acallam na Senórach]]=[[Agallamh na Seanórach]] || Begegnung zwischen mythischen Helden und dem heiligen [[Naomh Pádraig]] |- valign=top | [[Aided Cheit maic Mágach]] || Kampf [[Conall Cernach]]s mit [[Cet mac Mágach]] und Bélchús Verrat und Tod |- valign=top | [[Aided Cheltchair maic Uthechair]] || [[Celtchar]] mac Uthechairs Sühnetaten für die Tötung Blaís |- valign=top | [[Aided Chlainne Tuirenn]] || Rache Lugs an den Söhnen [[Tuirenn]]s für die Ermordung seines Vaters [[Cian]] |- valign=top | [[Aided Chonchobuir]] || Tod [[Conchúr mac Neasa]]s durch die Hand [[Cet mac Mágach]]s |- valign=top | [[Aided Chon Culainn]] || Ermordung [[Cú Chulainn]]s und [[Conall Cernach]]s Rache an den Tätern |- valign=top | [[Aided Loegairi Buadaig]] || [[Lóegaire Búadach]]s Tod beim Versuch, Aed mac Ainninne zu retten |- valign=top | [[Aided Muirchertaig meic Erca]] || [[Muircheartach mac Muireadhaigh|Muirchertach mac Erca]]s Strafe für seinen Ehebruch mit Sín |- valign=top | [[Aided Óenfir Aífe]] || Zweikampf [[Cú Chulainn]]s mit seinem Sohn [[Connla]] und dessen Tod |- valign=top | [[Airne Fingein]] || eine Fee prophezeit Fingein mac Luchta |- valign=top | [[Aislinge Meic Con Glinne|Aislinge Meic Chon Glinne]] || Parodie auf das Klosterleben und die Jenseitsvisionen |- valign=top | [[Aislinge Oenguso]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über [[Óengus]]’ Suche nach seiner geträumten Frau |- valign=top | [[Amra Choluim Chille]] || Gedicht auf den Klostergründer [[Colm Cille]] |- valign=top | [[Baile Binnbérlach mac Buain]] || unerfüllte Liebe zwischen Baile und Ailinn |- valign=top | [[Baile in Scáil]] || Blick [[Conn Cétchathach]]s in die Zukunft seines Geschlechtes |- valign=top | [[Bóramha]] || Kampf um den Tribut der Provinz [[Laighin]] an die [[Uí Néill]] |- valign=top | [[Buile Shuibhne]] || [[Suibhne]]s Wahnsinn in der Schlacht und sein Tod im Kloster |- valign=top | [[Caithréim Cellaig]] || Cellachs Weg vom Mönch über den Thron von [[Connacht]] zum Bischof |- valign=top | [[Cath Étair]] || Belagerung von Etar, Tod [[Mes Gegra]]s durch [[Conall Cernach]] |- valign=top | [[Cath Finntrágha]] || Verteidigung Irlands durch [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]] und seine [[Fianna]] gegen den „König der Welt“ |- valign=top | [[Cath Maige Mucrama]] || [[Lugaid mac Con]]s Kampf um den Thron von Irland und seine Ermordung durch [[Ailill Aulom]] |- valign=top | [[Cath Maige Rátha]] || Krieg Congal Claens gegen den Hochkönig Domnall mac Aeda |- valign=top | [[Cath Maighe Tuireadh|Cath Maige Tuired]] || Kriege der [[Túatha Dé Danann]] gegen [[Fir Bholg]] und [[Fomhóraigh]] |- valign=top | [[Compert Conchobuir]] || [[Cathbad]]s Kampf um Asa (Ni-Asa) und die Zeugung [[Conchobar mac Nessa]]s |- valign=top | [[Compert Con Culainn]] || Schwangerschaft von [[Conchobar mac Nessa]]s Tochter und Geburt von [[Setanta|Setanta/Cú Chulainn]] |- valign=top | [[Compert Mongáin|Compert Mongáin ocus serc Duibe Lacha do Mongán]] || Zeugung Mongáns, [[Manannán mac Lir]]s Sohn und seine Ehe mit Dub Lacha |- valign=top | [[De chophur in da muccida]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über die Verwandlung der beiden Hirten in die Stiere [[Donn Cuailnge]] und [[Fionnbheannach]] |- valign=top | [[Duanaire Finn]] || Gedichte und Balladen aus dem [[an Fhiannaíocht|Finn-Zyklus]] |- valign=top | [[Eachtra an Mhadra Mhaoil]] || Verfolgung eines bösen Ritters durch Balbhuaidh ([[Gawain]]) |- valign=top | [[Eachtra Mhacaoimh an Iolair]] || Suche des Adlerknaben nach seiner Herkunft |- valign=top | [[Cormac mac Airt#Mythologie|Echtra Cormaic i Tír Tairngire]] || [[Cormac mac Airt]]s Reise zu den Feen |- valign=top | [[Tadhg mac Céin#Eachtra Thaidhg Mhic Céin]] || Der Wortbruch von [[Tadhg mac Céin]]s Sohn |- valign=top | [[Echtra Fergusa maic Léti]] || [[Fearghas mac Léite]]s Kampf mit einem Meeresungeheuer |- valign=top | [[Echtra Condla]] || [[Conn Cétchathach]]s Sohn [[Connla (Conn Cétchathach)|Connla]] und seine Liebe zu einer Fee |- valign=top | [[Echtrae Nerai]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über [[Nera]]s Warnung an die Bewohner von [[Ráth Cruachan|Cruachan]] |- valign=top | [[Esnada Tige Buchet]] || Das Schicksal des gastfreundlichen Buchet von [[Laigin]] |- valign=top | [[Fingal Rónáin]] || Rónáns irrtümlicher Mord an seinem Sohn |- valign=top | [[Fled Bricrenn]] || Streit um den Ehrenplatz beim Fest zwischen [[Ulaid]] Helden |- valign=top | [[Fled Dúin na nGéd]] || Streit zwischen Domnall mac Aeda und Congal Claen |- valign=top | [[Fotha Catha Cnucha]] || Tod [[Cumall]] mac Basnas und Zeugung [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]s |- valign=top | [[Cormac mac Airt#Mythologie|Geneamuin Cormaic Ua Chuind]] || [[Cormac mac Airt]]s gesamtes Leben bis zum Tod |- valign=top | [[Immacallam in dá Thuarad]] || Disput von Néde und [[Ferchertne]] um den Titel des obersten Dichters Irlands |- valign=top | [[Immram Brain]] || [[Bran mac Febail]] mythische Reise zur Insel der Frauen |- valign=top | [[Immram Curaig Maíle Dúin]] || [[Maol Dúin]]s Reise zu einigen mythischen Inseln |- valign=top | [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] || mythische Einwanderungswellen und Machtkämpfe um Irland |- valign=top | [[Longes Mac nUislenn]], [[Longes mac nUislenn]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über die Geschichte [[Deirdre]]s |- valign=top | [[Macgnímartha Finn]] || Erzählungen über [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]s Jugend, s.&nbsp;a. [[Aillen]] |- valign=top | [[Macgnímrada Con Culainn]] || Erzählung über [[Cú Chulainn]]s Jugend im [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] |- valign=top | [[Mesca Ulad]] || [[Cú Roí]] Hinterlist gegen [[Conchobar mac Nessa]] |- valign=top | [[Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis|Navigatio Sancti Brendani]] || [[Naomh Breandán|Brendans]] Fahrt zu den mythischen Inseln |- valign=top | [[Noínden Ulad]], auch Ces Ulad || Verfehlung der Ulter gegen [[Macha]] und Gründung [[Emain Macha]]s |- valign=top | [[Oidheadh Chlainne Lir]] || [[Lir]]s Kinder werden in Schwäne verwandelt |- valign=top | [[Orgain Denna Ríg]] || [[Labraid Loingsech|Labraid Moen]]s Kampf um den Thron seines Vaters |- valign=top | [[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]] || Cano mac Gartnáins Abenteuer und unglückliche Liebe in Irland |- valign=top | [[Cormac mac Airt#Mythologie|Scéla Eogain agus Cormaic]] || Kindheit und Jugend [[Cormac mac Airt]]s bis zum Antritt seiner Herrschaft |- valign=top | [[Scéal Muc Mhic Dhathó]] || Streit der Helden [[Uladh|Ulsters]] und [[Connachta]]s den [[curadhmhír|Heldenbissen]] |- valign=top | [[Scél Túain meic Cairill]] &rarr; [[Tuan mac Cairill]] || Verwandlungen [[Tuan mac Cairill]]s in der Zeit des [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] |- valign=top | [[Serglige Con Culainn]] || [[Cú Chulainn]] Liebeskrankheit und der Ehebruch mit [[Fand]] |- valign=top | [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] || Heldentaten [[Cú Chulainn]] beim Krieg um den Stier [[Donn Cuailnge]] |- valign=top | [[Táin Bó Flidais]] || [[Fergus mac Róich]] Kampf um [[Flidais]] und ihre Wunderkuh |- valign=top | [[Táin Bó Fraích]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über die Erlebnisse [[Froech]] |- valign=top | [[Tochmarc Becfola]] || Werbung König Diarmait mac Aeda Slaines um die Fee Becfola |- valign=top | [[Tochmarc Emire]] || [[Remscéla|Remscél]] der [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] über [[Cú Chulainn]]s Werbung um [[Emer]] |- valign=top | [[Tochmarc Étaíne]] || [[Fuamnach]] Rache an ihrer Nebenbuhlerin [[Étaín]] |- valign=top | [[Tochmarc Luaine acus aided Athirni]] || [[Conchobar mac Nessa]] Werbung um Luaine und [[Athirne]] Ermordung |- valign=top | [[Togail Bruidne Dá Derga]] || Königsherrschaft und Untergang [[Conaire Mór]] |- valign=top | [[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne]] || [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]s Verfolgungsjagd [[Diarmaid]] und [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] |- |} == Sprüche-Sammlungen und Glossare == {| width="100%" class="wikitable sortable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Titel !! Aois !! Nóta |- | [[Bretha Crólige]] || - || Bußtaxen bei Verwundungen, 3.&nbsp;Teil des [[Senchas Már]] |- | [[Bretha Nemed Déidenach]] || 7ú || Texte der Rechtsschule von Nemed |- | [[Cáin Adomnáin]] || 7ú || Gesetzestext zum Schutz von Frauen, Kindern und Klerikern |- | [[De duodecim abusivis saeculi]] || 7ú || Abhandlung über die Moral und das Recht (auch altirische Rechtsgrundsätze inkludiert) |- | [[Senchas Már]] || 8ú || Sammlung altirischer Rechtstexte |- | [[Críth Gablach]] || 8ú || Sammlung altirischer Rechtstexte |- | [[Audacht Morainn]] || 8ú. || Sammlung von Lehrsprüchen des Richters [[Morann]] |- | [[Tecosca Cormaic]] || 8ú. || Sammlung von Lehrsprüchen [[Cormac mac Airt]] |- | [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] || 9ú || vom üblichen irischen Recht abweichende Urteile |- | [[Sanas Cormaic]] || 10ú ||Glossar von Rechts- und Dichterausdrücken, Orts- und Personennamen |- | [[Leabhar na gCeart]] || 11ú || Aufzählung der Rechte und Pflichten des Königs von [[Caiseal]] |- | [[Bansenchas]] || 12ú || Verzeichnis berühmter Frauen der Geschichte bis zum [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], [[An Rúraíocht]] und anderen irischen Annalen |- | [[Dindsenchas]] || 12ú || Etymologie von Ortsnamen |- | [[Cóir Anmann]] || 14ú || Personen- und Stammesnamen |- | [[Auraicept na n-Éces]] || 14ú || Geschichte der irischen Sprache und Schrift |- |} == Sammelwerke aus Irland == {| width="100%" class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Titel !! Zeit !! Inhalt |- | [[Cín Dromma Snechtai]] || 8ú || |- | [[Lebor na hUidre]] || 12ú || [[Táin Bó Cuailnge]] |- | [[Lebor Laignech]] || 12ú || [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], [[An Fhiannaíocht]] |- | [[Annála Tiarnaigh]] || 12ú || 807 RC - AD 1178 |- | [[Leabhar Buí Leacáin]] || 14ú || |- | [[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]] || 14ú || |- | [[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]] || 14ú || |- | [[Annála Uladh]] || 15ú || 431 - 1541 |- | [[Leabhar Mhic Cárthaigh Riabhaigh]] || 15ú || |- | [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]] || 17ú. || |- | [[Annála Ríoghdhachta Éireann]]=[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] || 17ú || |- |} == [https://iso.ucc.ie/Irish-sagas-list.html ISO] == * [[Acallamh na Senórach]]=[[Agallamh na Seanórach]] * [[Aided Chonchobuir]] # [[Aided Diarmada meic Fergusa Cerrbeoil]] # [[Diarmaid mac Cearbhaill]]+ #* [[Aided Óenfir Aífe]] #* [[Aislinge Meic Con Glinne]] #* [[Aislinge Óenguso]]=[[Aisling Aonghasa]] #* [[Baile Binnbérlach mac Buain]] #* [[Buile Shuibhne]] #* [[Caithréim Cellaig]] # [[Cath Almaine]] # [[Cath Cairnn Chonaill]] #* [[Cath Maige Mucrama]] # [[Ceart Claidib Cormaic]] #* Compert Mongáin ocus Serc Duibe-Lacha do Mongán=[[Compert Mongáin]] #* [[Echtra Chondla]]=[[Echtra Condla]] # [[Echtra Cormaic i Tír Tairngirí]] #* [[Echtra Fergusa maic Léti]] # [[Echtra mac nEchach Muigmedóin]] #* [[Esnada Tige Buchet]] # [[Feis tighe Chonáin]] #* [[Fingal Rónáin]] # [[Forbuis Droma Damhghaire]] - ''The Siege of Knocklong # [[Geneamuin Chormaic]] #* [[Immram Brain]] #* [[Longes mac n-Uislenn]]=[[Longes mac nUislenn]] #* [[Noínden Ulad ocus Emuin Macha]]=[[Noínden Ulad]] # [[Oenach indiu luid in rí]] - ''Find and the phantoms #* [[Oidhe Chloinne Lir]]=[[Oidheadh Chlainne Lir]] #* [[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]] # [[Scéla Colmáin meic Duach ocus Guairi meic Colmáin]] # [[Scéla Guairi meic Colmáin ocus Meic Teléne]] # [[Scéla Guairi meic Colmáin ocus Óenu moccu Loígse]] # [[Scéla Mongáin ocus Echdach Rígéicis]] - ''Why Mongán was deprived of noble issue #* [[Scéla Mucce Meic Da Thó]]=[[Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó]] #* [[Táin Bó Cúalnge]] #* [[Tochmarc Étaíne]] #* [[Togail Bruidne Dá Derga]] #* [[Tóruigheacht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne]]=[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne]] == [https://celt.ucc.ie//MsOmit2017/index.html MsOmit 2017] == 138 go iomlán # [[Aided Ailella ocus Chonaill Chernaig]] # [[Aided Bresail meic Diarmata]] #* [[Aided Cheit meic Mágach]]=[[Aided Cheit maic Mágach]] (Orgain Bélchon Bréifne) #* [[Aided Cheltchair meic Uthechair]]=[[Aided Cheltchair maic Uthechair]]=[[]] # [[Aided Chon Roí]] #* [[Aided Chonchobair]]=[[Aided Chonchobuir]]=[[Anbhás Chonchúir]] #* [[Aided Chrimthainn meic Fidaig]]=[[Aided Chrimthaind maic Fhidaig ocus Trí mac Echach Muigmedóin]] # [[Aided Chúanach meic Ailchini]] # [[Aided Chuind Chétchathaig]] # [[Aided Derbforgaill]] # [[Aided Diarmata meic Cerrbaill]] # [[Aided Echach meic Maíreda]] # [[Aided Fergusa meic Roich]] # [[Aided Guill 7 Gairb]] #* [[Aided Loegaire Búadaig]]=[[Aided Loegairi Buadaig]] # [[Aided Maelodráin]] # [[Aided Meic Con]] # [[Aided Meidbe]] #* [[Aided Muirchertaig meic Erca]]=[[]] # [[Aided Nath Í ocus a Adnacol]] (Suidigud Tellaig na Crúachna) #* [[Aided Oenfir Aífe]]=[[Aided Óenfhir Aífe]] # [[Aigidecht Aithirni]] # [[Airec Menman Uraird meic Coisse]] # [[Airem Muintire Finn]] #* [[Airne Fíngein]] #* [[Aislinge Meic Con Glinne]] #* [[Aislinge Oenguso]] # [[Baile Binnbérlach mac Búain]] #* [[Baile Chuind Chétchathaig]]=[[Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig]] #* [[Baile in Scáil]] # [[Bórama]] #* [[Brislech Mór Maige Muirthemni]] =[[Aided Chon Culainn]]=[[Anbhás Chú Chulainn]] # [[Bruiden Átha]] # [[Bruiden Da Choca]] # [[Bruiden Meic Da Réo]] (Orgain Chairpri Chind Chait) #* [[Caithréim Cellaig]]=[[]] # [[Cath Airtig]] # [[Cath Almaine]] # [[Cath Belaig Dúin Bolg]] # [[Cath Cairn Chonaill]] # [[Cath Cinn Abrad]] # [[Cath Crinna]] # [[Cath Cula Dremne]] #* [[Cath Maige Mucrama]] # [[Cath Maige Rath]] #* [[Cath Maige Tuired]]=[[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]] - ''first # Cath Maige Tuired - ''second # [[Cath Ruis na Ríg]] #* [[Compert Chon Culainn]]=[[Compert Con Culainn]]=[[Coimpeart Chú Chulainn]] (Feis Tige Becfoltaig) #* [[Compert Chonchobair]]=[[Compert Conchobuir]]=[[Coimpeart Chonchúir]] # [[Comrac Con Culainn re Senbecc ua nEbricc]] (Bruiden Senbicc uí Ebricc) # [[Comrac Liadaine 7 Cuirithir]] # [[Comthóth Lóegairi co Cretim 7 a Aided]] # ''[[Conall Corc and the Corco Luigde]] #* [[Sanas Cormaic]] (Gaire, Lethech, Mug Éme, Nesscoit, Orc tréith, Prull) # [[Cuislinn Brigde 7 Aided Meic Díchoime]] #* [[De Chophur in Dá Muccida]]&larr;[[De chophur in dá muccida]] # [[De Gabáil in tSída]] # [[De Maccaib Conairi]] # [[De Síl Chonairi Móir]] # [[Do Faillsigud Tána Bó Cúailnge]] #* [[Echtra Chondla]]=[[Echtra Condla]] # [[Echtra Chormaic i Tír Tairngiri]] #* [[Echtra Fergusa meic Léti]]=[[Echtra Fergusa maic Léti]] # [[Echtra Finn]] (''Finn and the Phantoms'') # [[Echtra Laegairi meic Crimthainn]] # [[Echtra Mac nEchdach Muigmedóin]] #* [[Echtra Nera]]=[[Echtra Nerai]]=[[Eachtra Neara]] (Táin Bé Aingen) # [[Erchoitmed ingine Gulidi]] #* [[Esnada Tige Buchet]] #* [[Fingal Rónáin]] # [[Finn agus Gráinne]] # ''[[Finn and the Man in the Tree]] #* [[Fled Bricrenn]] # [[Fled Bricrenn 7 Loinges mac nDuil Dermait]] # [[Fochonn Loingse Fergusa meic Roig]] # [[Forfess Fer Falgae]] # [[Fotha Catha Cnucha]] #* [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]] (scéalta leabaithe) # [[Gein Branduib meic Echach 7 Aedáin meic Gabráin]] # [[Genemain Aeda Sláine]] # [[Genemain Chormaic]] # [[Immacallam Choluim Chille 7 ind Óclaig]] #* [[Immacallam in Dá Thuar]](ad)=[[Immacallam in dá Thuarad]] (Acallam in Dá Suad, Túar) # [[Immathchor nAilella 7 Airt]] #* [[Immram Brain]]=[[Immram Brain]] #* [[Immram Curraig Maíle Dúin]]=[[Immram curaig Ua Corra]] # [[Immram Snedgusa 7 Meic Ríagla]] (Echtra, Merugud Clérech Coluim Chille) # [[Imthechta Tuaithe Luchra ocus Aided Fergusa]] # [[Imthechta Tuirill 7 a Mac]] # [[Longes Chonaill Chuirc]] #* [[Longes mac nUislenn]] (Uisnig) #* [[Macgnímartha Finn]] #* [[Mesca Ulad]] #* ''Mongán Stories'' #* [[Compert Mongáin]] # Scél asa mberar etc. [Aided Fothaid Airgdig] # Scél Mongáin # Tucait Baile Mongáin #* [[Noínden Ulad]] (Ces Noínden Ulad) # [[Orgain Néill Noígíallaig]] (Aided) #* [[Orgain Denna Ríg]] (Bruiden Túamma Tenbad) # [[Orgain Trí mac Diarmata meic Cerbaill]] # ''[[Quarrel between Finn and Oisín]] # [[Reicne Fothaid Canainne]] # [[Scél na Fír Flatha, Echtra Chormaic i Tír Tairngire 7 Cert Claidib Chormaic]] # [[Scél Túain meic Cairill]] (Immacallam Túain fri Finnia) # [[Scéla Alaxandair]] #* [[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]] # [[Scéla Conchobuir meic Nessa]] (''Conchobar's Household'') # [[Scéla Eogain 7 Cormaic]] (Scéla Geine Cormaic) # [[Scéla Mosauluim]] #* [[Scéla Mucce Meic Da Thó]] # [[Senchas Airgiall]] #* [[Senchas Fagbála Caisil]] #* [[Serglige Con Culainn]] # [[Siaburcharpat Con Culainn]] # [[Suidigud Tellaig Themra]] #* [[Táin Bó Cúailnge]] # [[Táin Bó Dartada]] #* [[Táin Bó Flidais]] #* [[Táin Bó Fraích]] #* [[Táin Bó Regamain]]=[[Táin Bó Regamon]] # [[Táin Bó Regamna]] # [[Talland Étair]] # [[Tesmolta Cormaic 7 Aided Finn]] # [[Tochmarc Ailbe]] #* [[Tochmarc Becfhola]]=[[Tochmarc Becfola]] #* [[Tochmarc Emire]]=[[Tochmharc Eimhire]] #* [[Tochmarc Étaine]]=[[Tochmarc Étaíne]]=[[Tochmharc Éadaoine]] I, II, III # [[Tochmarc Ferbe]] #* [[Tochmarc Lúaine ocus Aided Aithirne]]=[[Tochmarc Luaine acus aided Athirni]] # [[Tochmarc Momera]] #* [[Togail Bruidne Da Derga]]=[[Toghail Brú Dá Dearga]], Orgain Bruidne Uí Derga # [[Togail Troí]] # [[Tucait Fagbála in Fessa do Finn 7 Marbad Cuil Duib]] #* [[Tucait Indarba na nDéssi]] ([[Tairired na nDéisi]]=[[Tairired na nDéssi]]) # [[Úath Beinne Étair]] # [[Verba Scáthaige]] == [http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/index_irish.html Celtic Language Collective] == === '' Manuscripts '' === # [[Lebar na Núachongbála]]=[[Leabhar Laighneach]] # [[Lebor na nUidre]]=[[Leabhar na hUidhre]] # [[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]] # [[Leabhar Mór Mhic Fhir Bhisigh]]=[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]] # [[Leabhar Buidhe Lecáin]]=[[Leabhar Buí Leacáin]] # [[Leabhar Feirmoithe]]=[[Leabhar Fhear Maí]] # [[Leabhar Méig Shamhradháin]]=[[Dúnaire Mag Shamhradhain]]=[[]] # [[Leabhar Í Eadhra]]=[[Leabhar Uí Eadhra]] # [[Leabar Chaillín]]=[[Leabar Fidhnacha]]=[[Leabhar Fhianacha]] === '' The Mythological Cycle '' === # [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]]=[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] # [[Do Flathiusaib Hérend]]=[[]] (LL) # [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[]] # [[Cath Maige Tuired]]=[[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]] # [[Tuath De Danand na set soim]]=[[Ceithre Sheod]] # [[Oidheadh Chloinne Tuireann]]=[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]] # [[Tochomlod mac Miledh a hEspain i nErind]]=[[]] # [[De Gabáil in t-Sída]]=[[]] # [[Tochmarc Étaíne]]=[[]] (LU, Egerton 1782) # [[Togail Bruidne Dá Derga]]=[[]] # [[Aislinge Óenguso]]=[[]] # [[Oidheadh Chloinne Lir]]=[[Oidheadh Chlainne Lir]] # [[Altram Tige Dá Medar]]=[[]] # [[Scél Túain maic Cairill]]=[[Tuan mac Cairill]] # [[Eachtra Léithín]]=[[]] # [[Suidigud Tellaich Temra]]=[[]] # [[Moí coire coir goiriath]]=[[]] # [[Cía cétliaigh robúi ind-Érinn]]=[[]] # [[Cóir Anmann]]=[[]] # [[Bodleian Dinnshenchas (Rawl B 506)]]=[[Dinnseanchas]] # [[Edinburgh Dindsenchas (MS Kilbride XVI)]]=[[]] # [[Rennes Dindsenchas I (Rennes MS)]]=[[]] # [[Metrical Dindsenchas]]=[[]] # [[Banshenchus]]=[[Banseanchas]] # [[The Battle of Partholon's Sons]]=[[]] ([[Seanchas Mór]]) === '' The Ulster Cycle '' === # [[]]=[[]] iwlw30dnfhal5zofxu2ptp5rsc1ycv9 Ciarán Ó Feinneadha 0 93756 1272977 1272550 2025-07-07T10:46:13Z 137.191.234.106 1272977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is gníomhaí Gaeilge agus comhairleoir cánach ó [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]] é '''Ciarán Ó Feinneadha'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/briseann-se-mo-chroi-ni-chuige-seo-a-bunaiodh-tg4-o-feinneadha/|teideal=‘Briseann sé mo chroí – ní chuige seo a bunaíodh TG4’ – Ó Feinneadha|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Radio Eye: Cinema in the North Atlantic, 1958-1988|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=UdHfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT410&lpg=PT410&dq=%22Feinneadha%22+The+Radio+Eye:+Cinema+in+the+North+Atlantic,+1958-1988,+Jerry+White&source=bl&ots=g_K0NrdwPi&sig=ACfU3U2gdjeFkzRW4aj7t4NUq29TCve5Sw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFlY3zuuf8AhWOTqQEHTQ4D6kQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Feinneadha%22%20The%20Radio%20Eye:%20Cinema%20in%20the%20North%20Atlantic,%201958-1988,%20Jerry%20White&f=false|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|date=2009-11-17|language=en|author=Jerry White}}</ref> Tógadh le Gaeilge ann é agus tá breis is 50 bliain caite aige ag saothrú ar son chur chun cinn na gcluichí Gaelacha trí Ghaeilge. Bhí baint aige leis an iliomad feachtas le blianta anuas, ina measc bunú [[TG4]] agus [[Na Gaeil Óga CLG]]. Cuireadh príosún air nuair a dhiúltaigh sé ceadúnas teilifíse a íoc mar chuid den fheachtas ar son bhunú theilifís na Gaeilge, agus tá sé ar dhuine de na daoine is mó a luaitear leis an bhfeachtas sin. Dhreap sé túr [[RTÉ]] i n[[Domhnach Broc]] mar agóid i gcoinne laghad na gclár Gaeilge ar RTÉ ag an am. Bhí a athair, Cathal Ó Feinneadha, ina Uachtarán ar Chonradh na Gaeilge. ==[[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]]== I 2010, bhí Ciarán i measc chomhbhunaitheoirí Na Gaeil Óga CLG, cumann CLG lán-Ghaeilge i mBÁC. Chaith Ciarán 5 bliana mar bhainisteoir ar fhoireann peile Na Gaeil Óga, áit ar bhain sé amach 5 ardú céime. In imeacht na mblianta, tá sealanna caite ag Ciarán mar Chomhordaitheoir Spóirt agus mar Chathaoirleach Choiste Forbartha an chumainn freisin. Tá fás rábach tagtha ar an gcumann ó shin agus tá breis is 400 ball imeartha anois ag imirt do 22 fhoireann an chumainn idir peil, camógaíocht agus iomáint. Faoi láthair tá Ciarán ag feidhmiú mar Chathaoirleach na nÓg, áit a bhfuil sé ag stiúradh bhuanfhorbairt an chumainn i Leamhcán, áit a bhfuil struchtúr faoi aois gníomhach faoi bhláth ag Na Gaeil Óga atá ag freastal ar pháistí Ghaelscoileanna an cheantair. Chaith Ciarán an chuid is mó dá laethanta imeartha le [[Clann Choláiste Mhuire]] i mBÁC, club a bhíodh ag freastal ar iarscoláirí an Ghaelcholáiste aitheanta Coláiste Mhuire. Thosaigh Ciarán ag imirt le Clann Coláiste Mhuire i 1970. Is mar lántosach ar chlé is mó a chuimhneofar ar ghaiscí Chiaráin ar an bpáirc agus é mar chroílár fhoireann ré órga an chumainn idir 1978 agus 1983 nuair a d'éirigh leis an gclub dul ó Sóisear C go grád na Sinsear. Mhair gairm peile Ciarán chomh fada le 1999 agus bhuaigh sé dhá Craobh Idirmheánach i mBÁC mar aon le scata léigeanna agus corn. Le linn an achair seo, chomhlíon sé dualgais bhainistíochta agus rúnaíochta freisin. Tá baint fadsaoil ag Ciarán le heagrúchán CLG. Chaith sé tréimhsí ar Choiste Náisiúnta Gaeilge CLG, mar Oifigeach Gaeilge le Coiste Chontae BHÁC, ar Choiste Náisiúnta [[Comórtas Peile na Gaeltachta|Chomórtas Peile na Gaeltachta]] agus ar Chomhchoiste Iománaíochta an Oireachtais. Chaith Ciarán tréimhse bliana ag imirt le [[Cumann Mícheál Breathnach]] in [[Indreabhán]] Chontae na Gaillimhe agus naoi mbliana ag bainistiú fhoirne faoi aois Chumann Naomh Pádraig, [[Baile Phámair]]. ==Feachtasóir Gaeilge== Thuill Ciarán go leor aitheantais in imeacht na mblianta mar fheachtasóir a sheas leis an nGaeilge i gcónaí. Bhí sé mar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an Fheachtais Náisiúnta Teilifíse a bhain TG4 amach. Maidir le dreapadh an túir in RTÉ i nDomhnach Broc, seo é atá le rá ag [[Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí]]. "''Thug Ó Feinneadha trí cheathrú uaire ar an aeróg, a bhí 200 méadar ar airde, nó gur mheall teicneoir anuas é. Chomh luath agus a leag sé cos ar thalamh arís gabhadh agus tugadh go dtí stáisiún na nGardaí i nDomhnach Broc é, áit ar lean a chomrádaithe lena n-agóid nó gur scaoileadh amach ‘An fear óg ar an aeróg’, mar a thugadh air ar phríomhleathanach [[Inniu]] an tseachtain dár gcionn.''" Súil Eile. Cois Life 2017, Lch 4. Bhí sé mar Chathaoirleach Bunaithe ar thrí Ghaelscoil i Leamhcán (Gaelscoil Naomh Pádraig, Gaelscoil Eiscir Riada agus Coláiste Cois Life). Bhí ceangal saoil aige freisin le [[Conradh na Gaeilge]] agus [[Ógras]].

 Bhí baint lárnach ag an Uasal Ó Feinneadha le hathsheoladh [[Seachtain na Gaeilge|Sheachtain na Gaeilge]] ag deireadh na 1970idí. Tá sé pósta le Máire Ní Choileáin agus tá ceathrar clainne orthu; Fiadhna, Cormac, Ruadhán agus Neasa. == Féach freisin == * [[TG4]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Feinneadha, Ciarán Ó}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]] 71tr1b6u8edou3rb9yoaezuxa0067kt 1272978 1272977 2025-07-07T10:54:48Z 137.191.234.106 1272978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is gníomhaí Gaeilge agus comhairleoir cánach ó [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]] é '''Ciarán Ó Feinneadha'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/briseann-se-mo-chroi-ni-chuige-seo-a-bunaiodh-tg4-o-feinneadha/|teideal=‘Briseann sé mo chroí – ní chuige seo a bunaíodh TG4’ – Ó Feinneadha|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Radio Eye: Cinema in the North Atlantic, 1958-1988|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=UdHfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT410&lpg=PT410&dq=%22Feinneadha%22+The+Radio+Eye:+Cinema+in+the+North+Atlantic,+1958-1988,+Jerry+White&source=bl&ots=g_K0NrdwPi&sig=ACfU3U2gdjeFkzRW4aj7t4NUq29TCve5Sw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFlY3zuuf8AhWOTqQEHTQ4D6kQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Feinneadha%22%20The%20Radio%20Eye:%20Cinema%20in%20the%20North%20Atlantic,%201958-1988,%20Jerry%20White&f=false|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|date=2009-11-17|language=en|author=Jerry White}}</ref> Tógadh le Gaeilge ann é agus tá breis is 50 bliain caite aige ag saothrú ar son chur chun cinn na gcluichí Gaelacha trí Ghaeilge. Bhí baint aige leis an iliomad feachtas le blianta anuas, ina measc bunú [[TG4]] agus [[Na Gaeil Óga CLG]]. Cuireadh príosún air nuair a dhiúltaigh sé ceadúnas teilifíse a íoc mar chuid den fheachtas ar son bhunú theilifís na Gaeilge, agus tá sé ar dhuine de na daoine is mó a luaitear leis an bhfeachtas sin. Dhreap sé túr [[RTÉ]] i n[[Domhnach Broc]] mar agóid i gcoinne laghad na gclár Gaeilge ar RTÉ ag an am. D'oibrigh sé mar státseirbhíseach ar feadh tréimhse. Bhí a athair, Cathal Ó Feinneadha, ina Uachtarán ar Chonradh na Gaeilge. ==[[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]]== I 2010, bhí Ciarán i measc chomhbhunaitheoirí Na Gaeil Óga CLG, cumann CLG lán-Ghaeilge i mBÁC. Chaith Ciarán 5 bliana mar bhainisteoir ar fhoireann peile Na Gaeil Óga, áit ar bhain sé amach 5 ardú céime. In imeacht na mblianta, tá sealanna caite ag Ciarán mar Chomhordaitheoir Spóirt agus mar Chathaoirleach Choiste Forbartha an chumainn freisin. Tá fás rábach tagtha ar an gcumann ó shin agus tá breis is 400 ball imeartha anois ag imirt do 22 fhoireann an chumainn idir peil, camógaíocht agus iomáint. Faoi láthair tá Ciarán ag feidhmiú mar Chathaoirleach na nÓg, áit a bhfuil sé ag stiúradh bhuanfhorbairt an chumainn i Leamhcán, áit a bhfuil struchtúr faoi aois gníomhach faoi bhláth ag Na Gaeil Óga atá ag freastal ar pháistí Ghaelscoileanna an cheantair. Chaith Ciarán an chuid is mó dá laethanta imeartha le [[Clann Choláiste Mhuire]] i mBÁC, club a bhíodh ag freastal ar iarscoláirí an Ghaelcholáiste aitheanta Coláiste Mhuire. Thosaigh Ciarán ag imirt le Clann Coláiste Mhuire i 1970. Is mar lántosach ar chlé is mó a chuimhneofar ar ghaiscí Chiaráin ar an bpáirc agus é mar chroílár fhoireann ré órga an chumainn idir 1978 agus 1983 nuair a d'éirigh leis an gclub dul ó Sóisear C go grád na Sinsear. Mhair gairm peile Ciarán chomh fada le 1999 agus bhuaigh sé dhá Craobh Idirmheánach i mBÁC mar aon le scata léigeanna agus corn. Le linn an achair seo, chomhlíon sé dualgais bhainistíochta agus rúnaíochta freisin. Tá baint fadsaoil ag Ciarán le heagrúchán CLG. Chaith sé tréimhsí ar Choiste Náisiúnta Gaeilge CLG, mar Oifigeach Gaeilge le Coiste Chontae BHÁC, ar Choiste Náisiúnta [[Comórtas Peile na Gaeltachta|Chomórtas Peile na Gaeltachta]] agus ar Chomhchoiste Iománaíochta an Oireachtais. Chaith Ciarán tréimhse bliana ag imirt le [[Cumann Mícheál Breathnach]] in [[Indreabhán]] Chontae na Gaillimhe agus naoi mbliana ag bainistiú fhoirne faoi aois Chumann Naomh Pádraig, [[Baile Phámair]]. ==Feachtasóir Gaeilge== Thuill Ciarán go leor aitheantais in imeacht na mblianta mar fheachtasóir a sheas leis an nGaeilge i gcónaí. Bhí sé mar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an Fheachtais Náisiúnta Teilifíse a bhain TG4 amach. Maidir le dreapadh an túir in RTÉ i nDomhnach Broc, seo é atá le rá ag [[Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí]]. "''Thug Ó Feinneadha trí cheathrú uaire ar an aeróg, a bhí 200 méadar ar airde, nó gur mheall teicneoir anuas é. Chomh luath agus a leag sé cos ar thalamh arís gabhadh agus tugadh go dtí stáisiún na nGardaí i nDomhnach Broc é, áit ar lean a chomrádaithe lena n-agóid nó gur scaoileadh amach ‘An fear óg ar an aeróg’, mar a thugadh air ar phríomhleathanach [[Inniu]] an tseachtain dár gcionn.''" Súil Eile. Cois Life 2017, Lch 4. Bhí sé mar Chathaoirleach Bunaithe ar thrí Ghaelscoil i Leamhcán (Gaelscoil Naomh Pádraig, Gaelscoil Eiscir Riada agus Coláiste Cois Life). Bhí ceangal saoil aige freisin le [[Conradh na Gaeilge]] agus [[Ógras]].

 Bhí baint lárnach ag an Uasal Ó Feinneadha le hathsheoladh [[Seachtain na Gaeilge|Sheachtain na Gaeilge]] ag deireadh na 1970idí. Tá sé pósta le Máire Ní Choileáin agus tá ceathrar clainne orthu; Fiadhna, Cormac, Ruadhán agus Neasa. == Féach freisin == * [[TG4]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Feinneadha, Ciarán Ó}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]] dy97hgc9onx2456k7puanylz0rg5mlp 1272979 1272978 2025-07-07T10:58:15Z 137.191.234.106 1272979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is gníomhaí Gaeilge agus comhairleoir cánach ó [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]] é '''Ciarán Ó Feinneadha'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/briseann-se-mo-chroi-ni-chuige-seo-a-bunaiodh-tg4-o-feinneadha/|teideal=‘Briseann sé mo chroí – ní chuige seo a bunaíodh TG4’ – Ó Feinneadha|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Radio Eye: Cinema in the North Atlantic, 1958-1988|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=UdHfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT410&lpg=PT410&dq=%22Feinneadha%22+The+Radio+Eye:+Cinema+in+the+North+Atlantic,+1958-1988,+Jerry+White&source=bl&ots=g_K0NrdwPi&sig=ACfU3U2gdjeFkzRW4aj7t4NUq29TCve5Sw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFlY3zuuf8AhWOTqQEHTQ4D6kQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Feinneadha%22%20The%20Radio%20Eye:%20Cinema%20in%20the%20North%20Atlantic,%201958-1988,%20Jerry%20White&f=false|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|date=2009-11-17|language=en|author=Jerry White}}</ref> Tógadh le Gaeilge ann é agus tá breis is 50 bliain caite aige ag saothrú ar son chur chun cinn na gcluichí Gaelacha trí Ghaeilge. Bhí baint aige leis an iliomad feachtas le blianta anuas, ina measc bunú [[TG4]] agus [[Na Gaeil Óga CLG]]. Cuireadh príosún air nuair a dhiúltaigh sé ceadúnas teilifíse a íoc mar chuid den fheachtas ar son bhunú theilifís na Gaeilge, agus tá sé ar dhuine de na daoine is mó a luaitear leis an bhfeachtas sin. Dhreap sé túr [[RTÉ]] i n[[Domhnach Broc]] mar agóid i gcoinne laghad na gclár Gaeilge ar RTÉ ag an am. D'oibrigh sé mar státseirbhíseach ar feadh tréimhse go dtí 9180. Chuaigh sé ag obair mar riarthóir leis an nuachtán Amárach. ar feadh dhá bhliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/11689133/|teideal=Glórtha Aitheanta|dáta=2025-01-18|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2025-07-07}}</ref> Bhí a athair, Cathal Ó Feinneadha, ina Uachtarán ar Chonradh na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cathal-o-feinneadha-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Cathal Ó Feinneadha ar shlí na fírinne|dáta=2015-05-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-07}}</ref> ==[[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]]== I 2010, bhí Ciarán i measc chomhbhunaitheoirí Na Gaeil Óga CLG, cumann CLG lán-Ghaeilge i mBÁC. Chaith Ciarán 5 bliana mar bhainisteoir ar fhoireann peile Na Gaeil Óga, áit ar bhain sé amach 5 ardú céime. In imeacht na mblianta, tá sealanna caite ag Ciarán mar Chomhordaitheoir Spóirt agus mar Chathaoirleach Choiste Forbartha an chumainn freisin. Tá fás rábach tagtha ar an gcumann ó shin agus tá breis is 400 ball imeartha anois ag imirt do 22 fhoireann an chumainn idir peil, camógaíocht agus iomáint. Faoi láthair tá Ciarán ag feidhmiú mar Chathaoirleach na nÓg, áit a bhfuil sé ag stiúradh bhuanfhorbairt an chumainn i Leamhcán, áit a bhfuil struchtúr faoi aois gníomhach faoi bhláth ag Na Gaeil Óga atá ag freastal ar pháistí Ghaelscoileanna an cheantair. Chaith Ciarán an chuid is mó dá laethanta imeartha le [[Clann Choláiste Mhuire]] i mBÁC, club a bhíodh ag freastal ar iarscoláirí an Ghaelcholáiste aitheanta Coláiste Mhuire. Thosaigh Ciarán ag imirt le Clann Coláiste Mhuire i 1970. Is mar lántosach ar chlé is mó a chuimhneofar ar ghaiscí Chiaráin ar an bpáirc agus é mar chroílár fhoireann ré órga an chumainn idir 1978 agus 1983 nuair a d'éirigh leis an gclub dul ó Sóisear C go grád na Sinsear. Mhair gairm peile Ciarán chomh fada le 1999 agus bhuaigh sé dhá Craobh Idirmheánach i mBÁC mar aon le scata léigeanna agus corn. Le linn an achair seo, chomhlíon sé dualgais bhainistíochta agus rúnaíochta freisin. Tá baint fadsaoil ag Ciarán le heagrúchán CLG. Chaith sé tréimhsí ar Choiste Náisiúnta Gaeilge CLG, mar Oifigeach Gaeilge le Coiste Chontae BHÁC, ar Choiste Náisiúnta [[Comórtas Peile na Gaeltachta|Chomórtas Peile na Gaeltachta]] agus ar Chomhchoiste Iománaíochta an Oireachtais. Chaith Ciarán tréimhse bliana ag imirt le [[Cumann Mícheál Breathnach]] in [[Indreabhán]] Chontae na Gaillimhe agus naoi mbliana ag bainistiú fhoirne faoi aois Chumann Naomh Pádraig, [[Baile Phámair]]. ==Feachtasóir Gaeilge== Thuill Ciarán go leor aitheantais in imeacht na mblianta mar fheachtasóir a sheas leis an nGaeilge i gcónaí. Bhí sé mar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an Fheachtais Náisiúnta Teilifíse a bhain TG4 amach. Maidir le dreapadh an túir in RTÉ i nDomhnach Broc, seo é atá le rá ag [[Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí]]. "''Thug Ó Feinneadha trí cheathrú uaire ar an aeróg, a bhí 200 méadar ar airde, nó gur mheall teicneoir anuas é. Chomh luath agus a leag sé cos ar thalamh arís gabhadh agus tugadh go dtí stáisiún na nGardaí i nDomhnach Broc é, áit ar lean a chomrádaithe lena n-agóid nó gur scaoileadh amach ‘An fear óg ar an aeróg’, mar a thugadh air ar phríomhleathanach [[Inniu]] an tseachtain dár gcionn.''" Súil Eile. Cois Life 2017, Lch 4. Bhí sé mar Chathaoirleach Bunaithe ar thrí Ghaelscoil i Leamhcán (Gaelscoil Naomh Pádraig, Gaelscoil Eiscir Riada agus Coláiste Cois Life). Bhí ceangal saoil aige freisin le [[Conradh na Gaeilge]] agus [[Ógras]].

 Bhí baint lárnach ag an Uasal Ó Feinneadha le hathsheoladh [[Seachtain na Gaeilge|Sheachtain na Gaeilge]] ag deireadh na 1970idí. Tá sé pósta le Máire Ní Choileáin agus tá ceathrar clainne orthu; Fiadhna, Cormac, Ruadhán agus Neasa. == Féach freisin == * [[TG4]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Feinneadha, Ciarán Ó}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]] 6pfhjqss81s7vf3tpvukc4xgpq2g2lb Polaitíocht na heite fíordheise 0 110596 1272915 1260445 2025-07-06T19:16:14Z 1.47.82.54 /* Tréithe sa 21ú haois */ 1272915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Flag_of_the_Irish_Blueshirts.svg|mion|Bratach Léinte Gorma na hÉireann.]] [[Íomhá:National Party members hold up noose imagery.jpg|mion|National party in Éirinn, 2020]] [[Íomhá:250317-D-PM193-1689_(54393229729).jpg|mion|17 Márta 2025: Caipín sínithe ag [[Conor McGregor]]; thug sé é do Pete Hegseth sa [[An Peinteagán|Pheinteagán]]]] Tá polaitíocht na heite fíordheise le feiceáil timpeall an domhain le fada (an [[Faisisteachas]] agus an [[Naitsíochas]] sa 20u haois). San Eoraip sa 21ú haois, faightear mar shampla ''[[Rassemblement National]]'' na Fraince, [[AfD]] na Gearmáine, [[Fratelli d’Itália]] na hIodáile, [[Fidesz]] na hUngáire, [[Vlaams Belang]] na Beilge, FPÖ na h[[An Ostair|Ostaire]], ''[[Sverigedemokraterna]]'' na Sualainne agus ''[[Perussuomalaiset]]'' na Fionlainne. Tá na páirtithe polaitiúla seo ar an mór-roinn i bhfad amach ar an eite dheis. Tá cuid acu (''Fidesz'', ''Fratelli d’Ítália'', ''Perussuomalaiset'') i gcumhacht. I gcásanna eile, braitheann na páirtithe sa rialtas ar a dtacaíocht uaireanta (mar shampla ''[[Sverigedemokraterna]]'' na Sualainne). [[Íomhá:National Party Leaflets (49219033896).jpg|mion|National party in Éirinn, 2020]] === Tréithe sa 21ú haois === Is minic an comhrá ag iarraidh naimhdeas agus achrann a tharraingt sa saol mór: mar shampla ag eagrú gluaiseacht in aghaidh srianta sláinte; in aghaidh imircigh; in aghaidh daoine aeracha i leabharlanna agus scoileanna agus siopaí leabhar. Tá ideolaíocht ina bhfuil fuath nimhiúil - fearacht Frith-Iúdachas agus Fuath ar Ioslam - á scaipeadh go réidh ag grúpaí agus ag daoine aonair ar an bhFíordheis. Tá daoine go seasta ag roinnt [[Bréagnuacht|bréageolais]] ag séanadh [[Uileloscadh|Uile-Loscadh]] an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] agus ag brú ábhar [[Naitsíochas|Naitsíoch]].<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Eite Fhíordheis ag fás in Éirinn|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/1120/1417499-an-eite-fhiordheis-ag-fas-in-eirinn/|date=2023-11-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTE}}</ref> Tá aighneas faoi cheist na haeráide ann go minic. Tá grúpaí de chuid na fíordheise "ag fadú na tine agus ag tabhairt faoi 'Chogadh Cultúir’ san díospóireacht faoi [[Athrú aeráide|athrú na haeráide]] agus iad á gcur féin i láthair mar a bheadh ‘fíor-chosantóirí’ mhuintir na tuaithe."<ref name=":0" /> === An eite fhíordheis in Éirinn === Eisceacht sa scéal seo í Éire: níor éirigh go rómhaith riamh le páirtithe ar an eite fhíordheis in Éirinn, go dtí na 2020idí ar aon nós. An chúis atá leis sin ná go bhfuil páirtí seanbhunaithe ann a dhéanann freastal ar an sciar sin den mhargadh. Tagann Sinn Féin ar an sciar sin de vótóirí na hÉireann a chaithfeadh vóta do pháirtí éigin de chuid na heite fíordheise dá mbeadh cónaí orthu ar an mór-roinn. Ní ar dheis ach ar chlé ón lár atá Sinn Féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ni-chaithfear-eisteacht-le-tuairimi-faisisteacha/|teideal=Ní chaithfear éisteacht … le tuairimí faisisteacha|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=14 Samhain 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-11-21}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2023, léirigh taighde ar scaipeadh eolas míchruinn agus bréageolas ar líne in Éirinn go bhfuil tionchar na Fíordheise sa tír sách láidir. An eagraíocht dhomhanda ISD (Institute for Strategic Dialogue) a thug faoin staidéar a thaispeáin go raibh ag teipeadh ar chuideachtaí teicneolaíochta rialacháin (mar sh, [[Twitter]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], srl )a chur i bhfeidhm le srian a chur ar scaipeadh bhréageolas, eolas míthreorach agus ábhar a bhfuil urchóid ann. Rinne an staidéar "Uisce faoi Thalamh: An investigation into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in [https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/uisce-faoi-thalamh-platform-analysis/ Ireland]"<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/uisce-faoi-thalamh-platform-analysis/|teideal=Uisce Faoi Thalamh: Platform Analysis|language=en-GB|work=ISD|dátarochtana=2023-11-21}}</ref> scagadh ar 13 milliún teachtaireacht ar an idirlíon ó 1,640 cuntas ar 12 ardán éagsúla, ó Eanáir 2020 go hAibreán 2023.<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt an staidéar go bhfuil airgead á ghnóthú go tréan ag an dream atá sáite in éiceachóras bréageolais na hÉireann. Bhí dlúthcheangal idir an dream a bhíonn ag comhrá lena chéile agus gurbh cúrsaí sláinte, cúrsaí polaitíochta agus cúrsaí imirce in Éirinn is mó a bhíonn faoi chaibidil acu. Ar [[COVID-19|Covid-19]] is mó a díríodh áird idir 2020 agus 2021, sula dtáinig an [[Ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin|chogaíocht san Úcráin]], an imirce agus cúrsaí inscne agus gnéis an Phobail [[LADT|LADTA]]+ go barr aigne i 2022 agus tús 2023.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[:Catagóir:An Eite Fhíordheis in Éirinn|An Eite Fhíordheis in Éirinn]], [[Léinte Gorma|Na Léinte Gorma]] * [[Faisisteachas]], [[Naitsíochas]], [[:Catagóir:Pobalóirí|Pobalóirí]], [[Ciníochas]], [[Frith-Ghiúdachas]], [[Deachtóireacht]], [[Bréagnuacht|Bréageolas]], srl == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:An Eite Fhíordheis in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Córais rialaithe]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na heite fhíordheise]] 7uvlhmprmj12axd2k5dp55qbelkqwld Ionsaí scine agus círéib i mBÁC, 2023 0 110617 1272912 1240207 2025-07-06T18:57:48Z 1.47.82.54 1272912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Thosaigh [[círéib]] i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]], [[Poblacht na hÉireann|Éire]], ar oíche an 23ú Samhain 2023, inar tharla eachtraí loitiméireachta, loiscthe, gadaíochta ó shiopaí, agus ionsaithe ar [[Garda Síochána|ghardaí]].<ref name="HTCU2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2023/1123/1418245-dublin-rioting/|teideal=How the chaos unfolded in Dublin city centre|language=en|work=[[Nuacht RTÉ]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123232828/https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2023/1123/1418245-dublin-rioting/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dar leis na gardaí, ba í seo an chíréib ba mheasa a tharla sa chathair riamh, i bhfad níos mó ná [[Círéibeacha Bhaile Átha Cliath 2006|cinn 2006]]. D'ionsaigh fear Arabach grúpa leanaí bunscoile ar [[Cearnóg Parnell|Chearnóg Pharnell Thoir]], agus ghortaigh sé cailín cúig bliana d'aois go dona chomh maith le buachaill cúig bliana d'aois agus cailín sé bliana d'aois. Gortaíodh bean sna tríochaidí go dona agus í ag iarraidh na leanaí a chosaint. D'éirigh le roinnt fear an t-ionsaitheoir a dhí-armáil ar an láthair agus gabhadh é. Thosaigh an foréigean timpeall 6:00 i.n. GMT, nuair a chaith slua de 100-200 duine <ref name="HTCU2" /> tinte ealaíne agus buidéil ar na gardaí a bhí i bhfeighil ag láthair an ionsaithe. Cuireadh feithiclí Gardaí, busanna agus tram Luas trí thine agus déanadh léirscrios orthu. Seoladh 400 garda ó ionaid ar fud na tíre go lár na cathrach mar fhreagra air sin, a áirítear ar an méid is mó gardaí a seoladh le fearas círéibe i stair na hÉireann. <ref name="largest">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/liveblog-dublin-riots-aftermath-6231436-Nov2023/|teideal=https://www.thejournal.ie/liveblog-dublin-riots-aftermath-6231436-Nov2023/|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050424/https://www.thejournal.ie/liveblog-dublin-riots-aftermath-6231436-Nov2023/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023|quote=We had the largest number of gardai in public order unit gear that has ever been deployed and this happened in a very short space of time.}}</ref> Faoi 10:00 i.n. GMT, bhí cúrsaí éirithe níos séimhe i lár na cathrach. Ionsaíodh seasca garda le linn na círéibe, agus gortaíodh triúr go dona. Gabhadh 34 duine ar oíche an 23ú Samhain agus gabhadh níos mó ar 24ú Samhain, tar éis do ghrúpa níos lú iarracht a dhéanamh corraíl a chothú don dara hoíche as a chéile. == Sá ar Chearnóg Pharnell == Ar an 23 Samhain 2023, ag thart ar 13:40 [[Meánam Greenwich|GMT]], gortaíodh cailín cúig bliana d’aois agus bean ina tríochaidí go dona lasmuigh den bhunscoil [[Gaelscoil]] Choláiste Mhuire i [[Cearnóg Parnell|gCearnóg Pharnell Thoir]], i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]]. <ref name="IrishNewsAppallingAttack" /> <ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#28409|teideal=Dublin riots: Violent clashes with gardaí and vehicles set alight after children injured in knife attack|work=[[Irish Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123175521/https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#28409|archivedate=23 November 2023}}</ref> Aithníodh an bhean níos déanaí, Leanne Flynn Keogh, mar chúntóir cúraim scoile. Rinne sí iarracht na leanaí a chosaint ón ionsaitheoir lena corp.<ref name="bbc2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67516612|teideal=Dublin riot saw most riot police deployed in Irish state history|work=[[Nuacht BBC]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124092911/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67516612|archivedate=24 November 2023}}</ref> Cuireadh cóir leighis ar an gcailín a gortaíodh go dona in ospidéal leanaí Shráid Temple. Sádh cailín sé bliana d'aois agus buachaill cúig bliana d'aois freisin, ag fáil gortuithe nach raibh chomh tromchúiseach.<ref name="IrishNewsAppallingAttack">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/republicofirelandnews/2023/11/23/news/dublin_city_centre_three_children_injured_serious_incident_-3795977/|teideal=Dublin stabbing: Man arrested after three children injured in 'appalling attack' with 'no terrorist link'|work=[[The Irish News]]|dátarochtana=26 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123175333/https://www.irishnews.com/news/republicofirelandnews/2023/11/23/news/dublin_city_centre_three_children_injured_serious_incident_-3795977/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2023/11/23/violence-erupts-in-dublin-city-after-stabbing-attack-targeting-young-children/|teideal=Violence erupts in Dublin city after stabbing attack targeted young children|údar=Conor Lally|coauthors=Kitty Holland|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|language=en|work=The Irish Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123223605/https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2023/11/23/violence-erupts-in-dublin-city-after-stabbing-attack-targeting-young-children/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Scaoileadh an buachaill as ospidéal leanaí Chromghlinne níos déanaí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/girl-5-in-critical-condition-as-three-children-stabbed-outside-dublin-school/a198507873.html|teideal=Parnell Square stabbing: Girl (5) remains in critical condition today as school releases statement on injured victims|coauthors=Ken Foy, Robin Schiller agus Catherine Fegan|dáta=24 Samhain, 2023|work=[[Irish Independent]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123205105/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/girl-5-in-critical-condition-as-three-children-stabbed-outside-dublin-school/a198507873.html|archivedate=23 November 2023}}</ref> Scaoileadh an cailín sé bliana d'aois amach dhá lá ina dhiaidh sin. Tá an cailín cúig bliana d'aois agus an bhean fós ag fáil cúraim leighis.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67528038|teideal=Dublin stabbing: Second child discharged from hospita|údar=Aoife Moore|dáta=25 Samhain 2023|language=en-GB|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125214627/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67528038|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> D'éirigh le triúr fear a chonaic an sá an t-ionsaitheoir a dhí-armáil: Caio Benicio, tiománaí [[Deliveroo]] 43 bliain d'aois ón mBrasaíl; Warren Donohoe as [[Bealach Conglais]], Contae Chill Mhantáin, agus Alan Loren-Guille, cócaire 17 bliain d'aois ón bhFrainc. Rug Donohoe ar an ionsaitheoir, agus Benicio ansin lena chlogad gluaisrothair é, á bhualadh go talamh.<ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/motorcyclist-hero-stops-school-stabbing-6231383-Nov2023/|teideal='It was pure instinct': Brazilian Deliveroo driver tells of moment he stopped Parnell Street attacker|údar=Eimer McAuley|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124013922/https://www.thejournal.ie/motorcyclist-hero-stops-school-stabbing-6231383-Nov2023/|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Thóg Loren-Guille an scian ón bhfear, ach fuair sé mionghortuithe ar a lámh agus ar a aghaidh. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231124-you-just-act-ireland-salutes-heroes-of-dublin-knife-attack|teideal='You just act': Ireland salutes 'heroes' of Dublin knife attack|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[France 24]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050254/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231124-you-just-act-ireland-salutes-heroes-of-dublin-knife-attack|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Chonaic Siobhan Kearney, bean 60 bliain d’aois as Contae Chill Dara, daoine eile ag ciceáil an ionsaitheora agus é ina luí ar an talamh. Chruthaigh sí féin agus bean eile, turasóir Meiriceánach, fáinne cosanta timpeall an ionsaitheora, ag impí ar an lucht féachana fanacht go dtiocfadh na gardaí. Chosain fear eile scian an ionsaitheora go dtí go bhféadfadh gardaí é a fháil. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/23/dublin-knife-attack-children-stabbing-ireland-parnell-square|teideal=Violent protests in Dublin after woman and children injured in knife attack|údar=Rory Carroll|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ghabh na gardaí an t-ionsaitheoir agus tugadh go dtí ospidéal i mBaile Átha Cliath é, mar go raibh sé gortuithe go tromchúiseach. <ref name=":0" /> Tuairiscíodh níos déanaí gur fear ins na caogaidí a bhí ina chónaí in Éirinn le 20 bliain é agus a bhí ina shaoránach Éireannach ó 2014. Bhí sé ag fanacht i gcóiríocht do dhaoine gan dídean i dtuaisceart chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath.<ref name=":4">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/world/europe/dublin-riots-police.html|teideal=‘It Snowballed’: How a Knife Attack in Dublin Led to a Riot|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|dátarochtana=24 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125143642/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/world/europe/dublin-riots-police.html|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#57780|teideal=Dublin riots: Violent clashes with gardaí and vehicles set alight after children injured in knife attack|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[Irish Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123175521/https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#57780|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Níl bunús náisiúnta an ionsaitheora fógartha ag na húdaráis. Dúirt Coimisinéir na nGardaí, [[Drew Harris|Drew Harris,]] go raibh na Gardaí “sásta óna bhfiosrúchán nach bhfuil aon ghníomhaíocht sceimhlitheoireachta ann nó a bhaineann le haon ghné níos leithne maidir leis an ábhar seo”. Dúirt ceannfort den Gharda Síochána nach raibh aon duine eile á lorg ag na Gardaí maidir leis na hionsaithe.<ref name="IrishNewsAppallingAttack" /> == Círéib == [[Íomhá:2023_Dublin_riot_O'Connell_Street.jpg|mion|347x347px| Sráid Uí Chonaill ag 7:38{{Spaces}}i.n.]] Tar éis na heachtra sá, scaipeadh ráflaí ar na meáin sóisialta gur inimirceach mídhleathach a bhí san ionsaitheoir, agus go raibh na leanaí marbh. Spreag baill den [[Polaitíocht na heite fíordheise|eite fíordheis]] daoine dul chuig an láthair agus “a mothúcháin a chur in iúl”; d’úsáid siad an hashtag ''#IrelandIsFull''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-were-there-riots-in-dublin-stabbing-3w6spph00|teideal=What happened in Dublin? How false rumours fuelled a night of chaos|work=The Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125142012/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-were-there-riots-in-dublin-stabbing-3w6spph00|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Telegraph">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/24/how-far-right-hooligans-used-whatsapp-organise-dublin-riots/|teideal=‘Any foreigner, just kill them’: How far-Right hooligans used WhatsApp to organise Dublin riots|coauthors=Nick Squires agus Blathnaid Corless|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124225119/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/24/how-far-right-hooligans-used-whatsapp-organise-dublin-riots/|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Go gairid roimh 6{{Spaces}}i.n., thosaigh daoine ag bailiú ag barr [[Sráid Uí Chonaill|Shráid Uí Chonaill]], cúpla méadar ó láthair an ionsaí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/post/104320317|teideal=As it happened: Dublin 'now calm' after night of unrest|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[RTÉ News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123213818/https://www.rte.ie/news/post/104320317/|archivedate=23 November 2023|quote=A number of protesters have gathered on upper O'Connell Street, following the attack on Parnell Square.}}</ref> D’ionsaigh baill den slua, a mheastar a bheith idir 100–200 duine,<ref name="HTCU2" /> a bhí ag iompar barraí miotail agus ag caitheamh clúdaigh aghaidhe, <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/11/23/far-right-riots-dublin-knife-attack/|teideal=Violent ‘far-right’ riots break out in Dublin following knife attack|údar=Ali Condon|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[Pink News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124010627/https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/11/23/far-right-riots-dublin-knife-attack/|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref> <ref name="ap2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://apnews.com/article/ireland-rioting-dublin-stabbing-farright-2eaabb92b4e1623615a0860911cab91b|teideal=Ireland’s prime minister condemns anti-immigrant protesters who rampaged through central Dublin|údar=Danica Kirka|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050251/https://apnews.com/article/ireland-rioting-dublin-stabbing-farright-2eaabb92b4e1623615a0860911cab91b|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> [[Garda Síochána|gardaí]] ag an láthair, ag caitheamh tinte ealaíne agus buidéil orthu. Rinneadh ionsaí ar fheithiclí de chuid an Gharda Síochána, busanna agus tram folamh [[Luas (tram)|Luas]].<ref name="HTCU2" /> Scriosadh agus goideach ó shiopaí agus gnólachtaí sa cheantair. Tuairiscíodh go raibh líon beag daoine ag béicíl mana frith-inimirce ar ghardaí.<ref name=":3" /> Bhí [[Bratach na hÉireann|bratacha agus comharthaí Éireannacha]] ag cuid acu ag léamh “Irish lives matter”.<ref name="HTCU2" /> Ag buaic na círéibe, leathnaigh an slua (anois ag timpeall 500 duine) go [[Sráid Chéipil|Sráid Capel]] agus Sráid na Parlaiminte. <ref name="Telegraph 500 crowd size">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/24/dublin-police-officer-injured-riots-garda-siochana-live/|teideal=Dublin riots: Damage to cost 'ten of millions'|údar=Tim Sigsworth|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124114605/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/24/dublin-police-officer-injured-riots-garda-siochana-live/|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023|quote=Ireland’s prime minister said the roughly 500 people involved “brought shame on Ireland”}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/videos/rioting-continues-in-dublin-city-as-buildings-seen-on-fire/a51748211.html|teideal=Rioting continues in Dublin City as buildings seen on fire|údar=Adrian Weckler|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[Irish Independent]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123222924/https://www.independent.ie/videos/rioting-continues-in-dublin-city-as-buildings-seen-on-fire/a51748211.html|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Seoladh baill d’Aonad Ord Poiblí an Gharda Síochána go dtí an ceantar. <ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/dublin/2023/1123/1418216-protests/|teideal=Gardaí attacked during violent unrest after stabbing|údar=Laura Fletcher|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[RTÉ News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123185223/https://www.rte.ie/news/dublin/2023/1123/1418216-protests/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Las na círéibigh [[Bladhm (earra piriteicniúla)|bladhmanna]] agus scairt roinnt acu manaí cosúil le “cuir amach iad [na hinimircigh]”.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/dublin|teideal=Dublin riots: What to know about the stabbing attack and clashes in Ireland|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124123656/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/dublin|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-67514960|teideal=Dublin violence: What do we know so far?|work=BBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050253/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-67514960|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Chuir finné síos ar na círéibeoirí mar "daoine óga - déagóirí déanacha, luath-fichidí" a bhí á "gcogadh" ag daoine scothaosta. <ref name="bbc2"/> De bharr na círéibe, stad [[Luas (tram)|Luas]] agus [[Bus Átha Cliath]] a gcuid seirbhísí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/public-transport-bus-luas-cancelled-riots-6231314-Nov2023/|teideal='Severe disruption' to public transport as Dublin Bus and Luas services suspended due to riots|údar=Lauren Boland|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123221634/https://www.thejournal.ie/public-transport-bus-luas-cancelled-riots-6231314-Nov2023/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dhún go leor gnólachtaí in aice leis an láthair imeachtaí go luath nó cuireadh imeachtaí ar ceal. Dhún [[Iarnród Éireann]] a stáisiún traenach ar [[Stáisiún Shráid na Teamhrach|Shráid na Teamhrach]].<ref name=":2" /> Cuireadh [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], atá gar don láthair, faoi ghlas agus dúnadh geataí uile a champais.<ref name="bbc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67512002|teideal=Dublin riot sees clashes with police after five hurt in stabbings|údar=Conor Neeson|work=[[BBC]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123235700/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67512002|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Cruthaíodh bacainní timpeall fhoirgneamh an [[An tOireachtas|Oireachtais]] i [[Teach Laighean|dTeach Laighean]], agus seoladh oifigigh ón Aonad Tacaíochta Feistithe go [[Sráid Grafton]] in aice láimhe.<ref name="ap1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://apnews.com/article/dublin-ireland-stabbing-children-9a75c71fbac34fe789220c684c5eb661|teideal=Violent clashes break out in Dublin after knife attack that injured 3 children, one seriously|údar=Pan Pylas|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[Associated Press]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123232108/https://apnews.com/article/dublin-ireland-stabbing-children-9a75c71fbac34fe789220c684c5eb661|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dúirt Coimisinéir an Gharda, Drew Harris, go raibh “druid iomlán gealtánach faoi stiúir idé-eolaíocht an fhíordheis” taobh thiar den fhoréigean agus cháin sé iad mar “náireach”. D’iarr Harris freisin ar dhaoine “gníomhú go freagrach agus gan éisteacht leis an eolas mífhaisnéis agus na ráflaí atá á scaipeadh ar na meáin shóisialta.”<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#24073|teideal=Dublin riots: Violent clashes with gardaí and vehicles set alight after children injured in knife attack|work=[[Irish Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123175521/https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#24073|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Shéan sé chomh maith gur theip ar na Gardaí an chathair a chosaint ón bhforéigean.<ref name="bbc2"/> Dúirt foinsí na nGardaí leis ''[[The Irish Times|an Irish Times]]'' níos déanaí nach raibh na himeachtaí cosúil le haon ní a chonacthas i stair Bhaile Átha Cliath, ag dul thar leibhéal an fhoréigin agus an damáiste choiriúil a chonacthas le linn [[Círéibeacha Bhaile Átha Cliath 2006|círéibeacha 2006]].<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt an tAire Dlí agus Cirt [[Eiléana Nic an tSaoi|Helen McEntee]] gurb é an méid is mó gardaí a seoladh riamh go heachtra ord poiblí i stair na hÉireann.<ref name="largest"/><ref name="bbc2" /> Ag timpeall 10{{Spaces}}i.n., thuairiscigh gardaí go raibh formhór na sluaite scaipthe agus go raibh lár na cathrach “go mórmhór socair”.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#35040|teideal=Dublin riots: Violent clashes with gardaí and vehicles set alight after children injured in knife attack|work=[[Irish Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123175521/https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/23/dublin-stabbing-attack-live-updates-three-children-injured-chief-suspect-detained/#35040|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Coinníodh níos mó ná 400 oifigeach ann chun ord a choinneáil tar éis don fhoréigean dul i léig.<ref name="bbc1" /> == Gabhálacha, gortuithe agus damáiste == D'fhógair na gardaí go ndearnadh 34 gabháil mar gheall ar an gcíréib.<ref name="ap2" /> Ionsaíodh suas le 60 garda, ar bhain gortuithe tromchúiseacha triúr acu. Cuireadh garda fireann amháin san ospidéal le gortú trom dá chois, briseadh rúitín garda eile, agus bhris an tríú oifigeach trí mhéar ar cheann dá lámha. D’fhulaing trí shiopa déag damáiste suntasach nó gadaíocht, go háirithe goid boscaí carthanachta,<ref name="Telegraph" /> agus scriosadh ceithre bhus, 11 fheithicil de chuid an Gharda Síochána agus tram amháin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/23/europe/violent-clashes-dublin-ireland-stabbing/index.html|teideal=Violent clashes erupt in Dublin after stabbing of 5 people, as police blame ‘far-right ideology’|coauthors=Niamh Kennedy, Amy Cassidy and Emma Tucker|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=CNN|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124022527/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/23/europe/violent-clashes-dublin-ireland-stabbing/index.html|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref> I measc na siopaí a loitíodh bhí Arnotts ar [[Sráid Anraí, Baile Átha Cliath|Shráid Anraí]] agus Foot Locker ar Shráid Uí Chonaill.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/videos/stores-looted-on-oconnell-street-in-dublin-as-chaos-breaks-out/a956042742.html|teideal=Stores looted on O'Connell Street in Dublin as chaos breaks out|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[Irish Independent]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123230628/https://www.independent.ie/videos/stores-looted-on-oconnell-street-in-dublin-as-chaos-breaks-out/a956042742.html|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dúirt [[Briogáid Dóiteáin Bhaile Átha Cliath]] gur caitheadh teilgeáin le ceann dá n-innill dóiteáin a d’fhreagair an láthair agus gur "buaileadh le huirlisí iarainn" é agus iad ag freastal ar ionad dídeanaithe ar déanadh buamáil peitril air.<ref name="bbc2"/> == Iarmhairtí == [[Íomhá:Wreckage after the 2023 Dublin unrest.jpg|mion|347x347px| Iarmhairt na círéibe]] Ar maidin an 24 Samhain, reáchtáil Luas seirbhís teoranta den [[Líne Dhearg (Luas)|Líne Dhearg]] idir Tamhlacht / Teach Sagard agus Margadh na Feirme. Reáchtáil an [[An Líne Uaine|Líne Ghlas]] seirbhís theoranta idir Faiche Stiabhna agus Gleann Bhríde.<ref name="tj-a-number-of-transport-disruptions">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/transport-disruptions-in-dublin-6231482-Nov2023/|teideal=A number of transport disruptions in aftermath of riots in Dublin|údar=Muiris O'Cearbhaill|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050402/https://www.thejournal.ie/transport-disruptions-in-dublin-6231482-Nov2023/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dúnadh roinnt scoileanna gar don gcíréib go luath ar an 24ú Samhain agus chuir ospidéal Leanaí Shráid Temple clinicí ar ceal ar feadh an lae.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/restrictions-and-closures-dublin-riots-6231842-Nov2023/|teideal=Schools close early and clinics cancelled at Temple Street amid fears of unrest in central Dublin|údar=Valerie Flynn|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125050253/https://www.thejournal.ie/restrictions-and-closures-dublin-riots-6231842-Nov2023/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Cruthaíodh feachtas GoFundMe chun ‘pionta a cheannach do Caio Benicio’ an lá tar éis an ionsaí agus bailíodh breis is €300,000 i níos lú ná 24 uair an chloig.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://news.sky.com/story/thousands-raised-for-deliveroo-driver-who-helped-halt-dublin-knife-attack-13015465|teideal=Thousands raised for Deliveroo driver who helped halt Dublin knife attack|language=en|work=Sky News|dátarochtana=2023-11-26}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Gardaí_patrol_Dublin_city_centre_day_after_2023_Dublin_riot_01.jpg|mion| Baill den Gharda Síochána ar feisteas ar patról i lár chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath ar maidin tar éis na círéibe.]] Dúirt an tAire McEntee go raibh gardaí ag tráláil trí 6,000 uair an chloig de phíosa scannáin [[Teilifís ciorcaid iata|TFCI]] agus gheall sí go ndéanfaí gabhálacha breise, agus dúirt an Taoiseach Leo Varadkar go bhféadfadh damáiste a déanadh don bhonneagar poiblí de bharr na círéibe costas na milliúin euro a thógaint chun a dheisiú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dublin-riots-ireland-stabbing-latest-news-b2453261.html|teideal=Irish police trawl through 6,000 hours of CCTV footage in Dublin riots probe|údar=Jonathan McCambridge|work=[[The Independent]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125071721/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dublin-riots-ireland-stabbing-latest-news-b2453261.html|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Tugadh dhá ghunna uisce ar iasacht don Gharda Síochána ó [[Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann|Sheirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann]], le húsáid go dtí deireadh na bliana.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/1125/1418433-gardai-dublin/|teideal=McEntee says 'order restored' in Dublin after unrest, more garda vehicles on way|údar=Mícheál Lehane|dáta=25 Samhain 2023|work=[[RTÉ News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125153118/https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/1125/1418433-gardai-dublin/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Tháinig brú ar [[Rialtas na hÉireann|an rialtas]] agus ar na gardaí i ndiaidh na círéibe mar gur áitigh McEntee nach n-éireodh sí as agus shéan an Coimisinéir Harris go raibh “teipeanna pearsanra” sa bhfórsa. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/25/dublin-riots-pressure-mounts-on-helen-mcentee-and-drew-harris-over-garda-response/|teideal=Dublin riots: Pressure mounts on Helen McEntee and Drew Harris over Garda response|coauthors=Conor Lally agus Pat Leahy|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125115203/https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2023/11/25/dublin-riots-pressure-mounts-on-helen-mcentee-and-drew-harris-over-garda-response/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Iarradh orthu ina dhiaidh sin teacht os comhair [[Coistí Oireachtais|Coiste Dlí agus Cirt an Oireachtais]] chun dul i ngleic leis an bhforéigean.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/pressure-mounts-as-garda-commissioner-and-justice-minister-called-before-committee-6232756-Nov2023/|teideal=Pressure mounts as Harris and McEntee called before justice committee over city centre violence|údar=Mairead Maguire|dáta=25 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125204449/https://www.thejournal.ie/pressure-mounts-as-garda-commissioner-and-justice-minister-called-before-committee-6232756-Nov2023/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> == Mífhaisnéis == Chuir an Coimisinéir Harris an círéib i leith “toimhdí fuatha” bunaithe ar ábhar a bhí á scaipeadh ar líne tar éis an ionsaí. Áiríodh leis sin éilimh gur eachtrach a bhí san ionsaitheoir.<ref name="bbc2" /> Níl aon eolas pearsanta faoin ionsaitheoir foilsithe ag na Gardaí. Tar éis don círéib tosú, scaipeadh faisnéis bhréagach ar na meáin shóisialta go raibh [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (Fórsaí Cosanta na hÉireann)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] seolta chuig na sráideanna. Cuireadh íomhánna ó chleachtadh traenála airm le déanaí ina raibh [[Iompróir pearsanra armúrtha|iompróirí pearsanra armúrtha]] i gceangal leis an eolas mícheart chun léitheoirí a mhealladh. Ag 8:50{{Spaces}}pm shéan cuntas oifigiúil [[Twitter|X (Twitter)]] Óglaigh na hÉireann na ráflaí.<ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-67512628?pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:975d1cc9-c4bb-48fb-9151-84d7a326c349&pinned_post_asset_id=655fbee925a3f53728286c4b|teideal=Defence forces say suggestions of deployments are false|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|work=[[BBC News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124114605/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-67512628?pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:975d1cc9-c4bb-48fb-9151-84d7a326c349&pinned_post_asset_id=655fbee925a3f53728286c4b|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023|quote=The Irish Defence Forces have clarified that certain images circulating online "are not from this evening but from a separate routine operation".}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/ireland-dublin-riots-stabbing/|teideal=Far-right protesters burn and loot in Dublin in worst violence ‘in decades’|údar=Karla Adam|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=Washington Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125145550/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/ireland-dublin-riots-stabbing/|archivedate=25 Samhain 2023}}</ref> == Freagairtí == === Inmheánach === Dúirt an tUachtarán [[Mícheál D. Ó hUigínn|Michael D. Higgins]] “go n-úsáidfí nó go mbainfeadh grúpaí a bhfuil clár oibre acu a dhéanann ionsaí ar phrionsabal an chuimsithe shóisialta dothuigthe agus go bhfuil cáineadh tuillte ag gach duine a chreideann ann. an smacht reachta agus an daonlathais." Dúirt an Taoiseach [[Leo Varadkar]] go raibh sé “suaite” faoin scian-ionsaí agus mhol sé na seirbhísí éigeandála as freagairt “go han-tapa”. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.fm104.ie/news/fm104-news/taoiseach-praises-emergency-response-to-knife-attack-in-city/|teideal=Taoiseach praises emergency response to knife attack in city|údar=Hazel Nolan|dáta=23 Samhain 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123171443/https://www.fm104.ie/news/fm104-news/taoiseach-praises-emergency-response-to-knife-attack-in-city/|archivedate=23 Samhain 2023}}</ref> Dúirt sé níos déanaí gur thug na círéibeacha “náire” go Baile Átha Cliath, agus nár spreag an tírghrá iad ach an “fuath” agus an “grá a bhí acu ar fhoréigean”, agus gheall sé úsáid a bhaint as "acmhainní iomlána an dlí, innealra iomlán an stáit chun pionós a ghearradh orthu siúd a raibh baint acu" leis an rud ar a dtugtar "imeachtaí uafásacha" air. Gheall Varadkar freisin dlíthe nua a rith a chuirfeadh ar chumas na bpóilíní “úsáid níos fearr a bhaint as” fianaise TFCI agus dlíthe “nua-aoiseacha” maidir le fuath agus gríosú. Dúirt ceannaire [[Sinn Féin|Shinn Féin]] agus TD [[Baile Átha Cliath Láir (Dáilcheantar)|Bhaile Átha Cliath Láir]] [[Mary Lou McDonald]], a gclúdaíonn a toghcheantar an ceantar a bhí buailte ag an bhforéigean, gur chuir an eachtra “uafás ar fud an phobail”. <ref name="bbc1" /> Cháin sí an rialtas freisin, ag rá cé go raibh a tacaíocht iomlán ag na Gardaí, nach raibh “aon mhuinín” aici as McEntee agus Coimisinéir Harris araon. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/garda-commissioner-position-untenable-gary-gannon-6231938-Nov2023/|teideal=Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald says she has no confidence in Garda Commissioner Drew Harris|údar=Christina Finn|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=The Journal}}</ref> D’iarr TD eile de chuid Bhaile Átha Cliath Láir, Gary Gannon ó na [[Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta (Éire)|Daonlathaithe Sóisialta]], ar McEntee agus Harris éirí as a n-oifigí, ag rá go raibh a bpoist “dochosanta”.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/dublin/2023/11/24/dublin-riots-and-dublin-stabbings-latest-news-updates/|teideal=Dublin riots: Further arrests in city centre on Friday night while McEntee comes under pressure - as it happened|coauthors=Jack Power, Carl O'Brien agus Ronan McGreevy|dáta=24 Samhain 2023|work=[[The Irish Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124150135/https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/dublin/2023/11/24/dublin-riots-and-dublin-stabbings-latest-news-updates/|archivedate=24 Samhain 2023}}</ref> D’iarr [[Ivana Bacik]], ceannaire [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]], freisin go seolfaí níos mó gardaí ar na sráideanna agus d’admhaigh sí go raibh fadhbanna móra ann maidir le hearcú gardaí, ag rá nach raibh muinín ag a páirtí as an gcaoi ar láimhseáil an Rialtas póilíneacht le tamall anuas. Idir an dá linn, léirigh [[Tánaiste|an Tánaiste]] [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|Micheál Martin]] muinín in McEntee agus Harris. === Idirnáisiúnta === Dúirt [[Ursula von der Leyen]], uachtarán an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Choimisiúin Eorpaigh]], ar na meáin shóisialta go raibh “sí suaite faoin ionsaí brúidiúil a ghortaigh roinnt daoine i mBaile Átha Cliath, leanaí san áireamh”. Ghabh Uachtarán na Fraince, [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macron,]] buíochas le Alain Loren-Guille,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thesun.ie/news/11738350/parnell-square-young-superhero-stabbings/|teideal=Young 'superhero', 17, wrestled knife from Parnell Square maniac on way to work|údar=thesun.ie|dáta=2023-11-24|language=en-ie|work=The Irish Sun|dátarochtana=2023-12-30}}</ref> a chabhraigh leis an ionsaitheoir a ghabháil, as “an gníomh crógachta seo a chuidigh le daoine a shábháil agus a chuireann bród orainn ar fad”. Dúirt an tAireacht Eorpach agus Gnóthaí Eachtracha go raibh “a smaointe á gcur chuig íospartaigh an ionsaithe seo agus a dteaghlaigh” agus sheas siad “le hÉirinn agus muintir na hÉireann”. D'ionsaigh úinéir [[Twitter|X,]] [[Elon Musk]], [[rialtas na hÉireann]] ag rá go bhfuil “fuath" ag an Taoiseach Leo Varadkar "ar mhuintir na hÉireann”, ag rá: “Is léir go bhfuil níos mó imní ar rialtas reatha na hÉireann faoi mholtaí ó na meáin ná a mhuintir féin.”<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/x-owner-elon-musk-hits-out-at-leo-varadkar-as-dublin-security-ramped-up-after-thursdays-disorder/a1731063924.html|teideal=X owner Elon Musk hits out at Leo Varadkar as Dublin security ramped up after Thursday’s disorder|údar=Liam Tunney|dáta=25 Samhain 2023|dátarochtana=26 Samhain 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/elon-musk-dublin-riots-varadkar-b2453496.html|teideal=Elon Musk weighs in on Dublin riots claiming country’s PM ‘hates the Irish people’|údar=Greg Grazioni|work=The Independent}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Círéibeacha Bhaile Átha Cliath 2006]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:An Eite Fhíordheis in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]] [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Círéibeacha]] [[Catagóir:Stair Bhaile Átha Cliath]] naxhil99vmmwvn91pg9dqyfy8redkc7 Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann 0 119824 1272898 1272806 2025-07-06T16:35:56Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna fionnuisce */Loch Chluain na Cloiche 1272898 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.<ref>[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.</ref> Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair. Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte. Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. == Lochanna is mó == Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:<ref>[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]</ref><ref>[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland</ref><ref>[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Ord<br />de&nbsp;réir<br />achair !! Loch !! Achar<br />km<sup>2</sup> !! Meán-<br />domhain<br />m !! Uas-<br />domhain<br />m !! Toirt<br />×10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> !! Imeall-<br />bhord<br />km <ref>Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers & Lakes''</ref> !! Contaetha |- | 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0 || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]] |- | 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]<ref>[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib</ref> || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]] |- | 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh |- | 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]] |- | 5 || [[Loch Rí]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]] |- | 6 || [[Loch Measca]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]</ref> || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME</ref> || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh |- | 7 || [[Loch Con]]<ref>"The trophic status of Lough Conn" P.7, CCME</ref> || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo |- | 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]</ref> || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin |- | 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach |- | 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG</ref> || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim |- | 11 || [[Loch Léin]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]] |- | 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]] |- | 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]<ref>[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive</ref> || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]] |- | 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo |} Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.<ref>[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia</ref> == Lochanna fionnuisce == Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de. Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair. Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].<ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]] [[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']] [[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]] [[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]] [[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]] [[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]] [[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]] [[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]] [[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]] [[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]] [[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]] [[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']] [[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]] [[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]] [[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]] [[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km<sup>2</sup> !! Achar sq&nbsp;mi |- | [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Arbhach]] || '''Sligeach, Ros Comáin'''|| {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Breaclaigh]]|| An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Gullion]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}</ref> || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choill an Iúir]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Urláir]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin|An Loch Bán]] || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |} == Lochanna goirte == * [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman == Turlacha == {{príomhalt|Turlach}} * ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim * ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh * [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh * [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh * [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin == Taiscumair == * [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin * ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún * [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún * [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin == Lochanna farraige == * [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún * [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin * [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire * [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh * [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh * [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim * [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh * [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha * [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí * [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge * [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman == Fiordanna == * [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún * [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall * [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh == Féach freisin == * [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Tomhaidhm]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]] 99szyh610lr7zpuih885o4o7s1gh7vz 1272899 1272898 2025-07-06T16:41:14Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna fionnuisce */Locha Chluain Í Láir 1272899 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.<ref>[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.</ref> Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair. Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte. Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. == Lochanna is mó == Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:<ref>[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]</ref><ref>[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland</ref><ref>[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Ord<br />de&nbsp;réir<br />achair !! Loch !! Achar<br />km<sup>2</sup> !! Meán-<br />domhain<br />m !! Uas-<br />domhain<br />m !! Toirt<br />×10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> !! Imeall-<br />bhord<br />km <ref>Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers & Lakes''</ref> !! Contaetha |- | 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0 || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]] |- | 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]<ref>[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib</ref> || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]] |- | 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh |- | 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]] |- | 5 || [[Loch Rí]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]] |- | 6 || [[Loch Measca]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]</ref> || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME</ref> || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh |- | 7 || [[Loch Con]]<ref>"The trophic status of Lough Conn" P.7, CCME</ref> || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo |- | 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]</ref> || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin |- | 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach |- | 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG</ref> || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim |- | 11 || [[Loch Léin]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]] |- | 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]] |- | 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]<ref>[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive</ref> || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]] |- | 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo |} Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.<ref>[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia</ref> == Lochanna fionnuisce == Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de. Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair. Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].<ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]] [[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']] [[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]] [[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]] [[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]] [[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]] [[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]] [[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]] [[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]] [[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]] [[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]] [[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']] [[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]] [[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]] [[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]] [[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km<sup>2</sup> !! Achar sq&nbsp;mi |- | [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Arbhach]] || '''Sligeach, Ros Comáin'''|| {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Breaclaigh]]|| An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Chluain Í]] Láir || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Gullion]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}</ref> || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choill an Iúir]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Urláir]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin|An Loch Bán]] || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |} == Lochanna goirte == * [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman == Turlacha == {{príomhalt|Turlach}} * ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim * ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh * [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh * [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh * [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin == Taiscumair == * [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin * ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún * [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún * [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin == Lochanna farraige == * [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún * [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin * [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire * [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh * [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh * [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim * [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh * [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha * [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí * [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge * [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman == Fiordanna == * [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún * [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall * [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh == Féach freisin == * [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Tomhaidhm]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]] 8s4se8hayxkd0pt9ocmwwonuc8xiftz Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna 2 119997 1272869 1272866 2025-07-06T12:53:05Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272869 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Locha Chluain Í == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is córas lochanna é ''' Locha Chluain Í}}),<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], agus ann trí loch, Uachtair, Láir agus Íochtair. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Locha Chluain Í {{convert|8|km|1}} ó dheas de [[Neidín]] ar an leithinis {{h|Béarra}}.<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá uisce na lochanna [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]]. Soláthraíonn an loch uachtair ag an ''Ameen River'' as [[Loch Inse Choinn]]. Tá na lochanna féin nasctha leis an ''Beal-na-Shannin River''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Ritheann an loch íochtair isteach san [[An Ribhéar|Ribhéar]] trí Abhainn Chluain Í.<ref name=NPWS/> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Locha Chluain Í, tá [[ruabhreac Artach ]],<ref name=NPWS/> [[breac donn]], [[bran geal]] and scaití [[bradán]].<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá na lochanna lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Locha Chluain Í agus Inse Choinn.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10 | foilsíodh = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166320 | teideal = Locha Chluain Í | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1419420.aspx | teideal = Beal-na-Shannin River | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name="Discover Ireland">{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | teideal = Angling Cloonee System | work = [[Discover Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054827/https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | teideal = Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 18 October 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054842/https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | url-status = live }}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ln6ww6rn1z594wv181382knhxypik4l 1272870 1272869 2025-07-06T12:54:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Locha Chluain Í */ 1272870 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Locha Chluain Í == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is córas lochanna é ''' Locha Chluain Í''',<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], agus ann trí loch, Uachtair, Láir agus Íochtair. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Locha Chluain Í {{convert|8|km|1}} ó dheas de [[Neidín]] ar an leithinis {{h|Béarra}}.<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá uisce na lochanna [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]]. Soláthraíonn an loch uachtair ag an ''Ameen River'' as [[Loch Inse Choinn]]. Tá na lochanna féin nasctha leis an ''Beal-na-Shannin River''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Ritheann an loch íochtair isteach san [[An Ribhéar|Ribhéar]] trí Abhainn Chluain Í.<ref name=NPWS/> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Locha Chluain Í, tá [[ruabhreac Artach ]],<ref name=NPWS/> [[breac donn]], [[breac geal]] and scaití [[bradán]].<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá na lochanna lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Locha Chluain Í agus Inse Choinn.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10 | foilsíodh = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166320 | teideal = Locha Chluain Í | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1419420.aspx | teideal = Beal-na-Shannin River | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name="Discover Ireland">{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | teideal = Angling Cloonee System | work = [[Discover Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054827/https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | teideal = Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 18 October 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054842/https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | url-status = live }}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] h5rws62j3itg2knoupkrrljrn6ofe5d 1272871 1272870 2025-07-06T12:58:00Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272871 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Locha Chluain Í == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is córas lochanna é ''' Locha Chluain Í''',<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], agus ann trí loch, Uachtair, Láir agus Íochtair. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Locha Chluain Í {{convert|8|km|1}} ó dheas de [[Neidín]] ar an leithinis {{h|Béarra}}.<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá uisce na lochanna [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]]. Soláthraíonn an loch uachtair ag an ''Ameen River'' as [[Loch Inse Choinn]]. Tá na lochanna féin nasctha leis an ''Beal-na-Shannin River''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Ritheann an loch íochtair isteach san [[An Ribhéar|Ribhéar]] trí Abhainn Chluain Í.<ref name=NPWS/> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Locha Chluain Í, tá [[ruabhreac Artach ]],<ref name=NPWS/> [[breac donn]], [[breac geal]] and scaití [[bradán]].<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá na lochanna lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Locha Chluain Í agus Inse Choinn.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10 | foilsíodh = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166320 | teideal = Locha Chluain Í | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1419420.aspx | teideal = Beal-na-Shannin River | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name="Discover Ireland">{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | teideal = Angling Cloonee System | work = [[Discover Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054827/https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | teideal = Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 18 October 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054842/https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | url-status = live }}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] nrdnr4y3d8kgv0uyxoyj99bx7ki8q08 1272872 1272871 2025-07-06T12:58:16Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272872 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8vrgofp23dpv4nnpcfevtekzyw6weza 1272874 1272872 2025-07-06T13:19:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272874 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhroim Mór == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Dhrom Mór,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhrom Mór {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh d'[[Inis (baile)|Inis]] agus gar den tsráidbhaile, [[An Ruán]]. Tá Caisleán Drom Mór ar bhruach thoir thuaidh an locha. == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Loch Dhrom Mór, tá [[péirse]], [[ruán]], [[liús]] and agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[spágaire tonn]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]], [[gadual]], [[praslacha]] agus [[lacha bhadánach]]. Tá loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Coillte agus Lochanna Dhrom Mór.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/1399925 | teideal = Loch Dhrom Mór | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Dromore_report_2012.pdf | title = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Dromore Lough | publisher = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2012 | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000032.pdf | title = Dromore Woods and Loughs SAC | publisher = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drom Mór, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] pldzcqmv62kkp1qg5zqj7oe3c85efih 1272875 1272874 2025-07-06T13:20:31Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Dhrom Mór */ 1272875 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhrom Mór == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Dhrom Mór,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhrom Mór {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh d'[[Inis (baile)|Inis]] agus gar den tsráidbhaile, [[An Ruán]]. Tá Caisleán Drom Mór ar bhruach thoir thuaidh an locha. == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Loch Dhrom Mór, tá [[péirse]], [[ruán]], [[liús]] and agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[spágaire tonn]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]], [[gadual]], [[praslacha]] agus [[lacha bhadánach]]. Tá loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Coillte agus Lochanna Dhrom Mór.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/1399925 | teideal = Loch Dhrom Mór | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Dromore_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Dromore Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2012 | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000032.pdf | teideal = Dromore Woods and Loughs SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drom Mór, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 67zd7trn0ix4rv57mc8ferb2h9u3dfe 1272876 1272875 2025-07-06T13:20:42Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272876 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8vrgofp23dpv4nnpcfevtekzyw6weza 1272878 1272876 2025-07-06T13:41:25Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272878 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch an Ghleanna == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch an Ghleanna'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] near the village of [[An Craoslach]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch an Ghleanna is about {{convert|5|km|0}} east of Creeslough.<ref name=IFI/> It measures about {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide and lies just north of [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Ghleann Bheatha]]. The [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]] begin on the lake's western side and the ''[[Glendowan Mountains]]'' begin on the lake's southern end.<ref name=GeoMaps/> == Hidreolaíocht '' Loch an Ghleanna is fed mainly by the Abhainn Choradh entering at its southern end. The lake drains northwards into the Lackagh River, which in turn enters [[Cuan na gCaorach]]. The Abhainn Choradh connects the lake with its southern neighbour, just north of Loch Ghleann Bheatha.<ref name=IFI/> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Ghleanna, tá [[breac donn]], [[ruabhreac Artach]], [[bradán]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 12 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=GeoMaps>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.geologicalmaps.net/irishhistmapsdownload/b02008.pdf | teideal = Explanatory Memoir | work = Irish historical geological maps | date = 1891 | leathanaigh = 6 | foilsitheoir = [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Glen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Glen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2013 | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/111178 | teideal = Loch an Ghleanna | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gleanna, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 5varu5ajjprqo8gvlnlgxxnn80wt5hd 1272879 1272878 2025-07-06T13:50:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Ghleanna */ 1272879 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch an Ghleanna == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Ghleanna,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i dtuaisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar den [[An Craoslach|Chraoslach]]. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch an Ghleanna {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert |0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá an loch tuairim is {{convert|5|km|1}} soir ó Chraoslach,<ref name=IFI/> díreach taobh thuaidh de [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Ghleann Bheatha]]. Tá bunchnoic {{h|Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha}} ar bhruach thiar an locha agus bunchnoic na ''[[Glendowan Mountains]]'' ar a bhruach theas.<ref name=GeoMaps/> == Hidreolaíocht Soláthraítear Loch an Ghleanna go formhór ag Abhainn Choradh a shreabhann isteach ó dheas ar loch eile ón aice láimhe. Ritheann an loch amach ó thuaidh lake trí Lackagh River, a shreabhann féin i g[[Cuan na gCaorach]] isteach.<ref name=IFI/> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Ghleanna, tá [[breac donn]], [[ruabhreac Artach]], [[bradán]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 12 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=GeoMaps>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.geologicalmaps.net/irishhistmapsdownload/b02008.pdf | teideal = Explanatory Memoir | work = Irish historical geological maps | date = 1891 | leathanaigh = 6 | foilsitheoir = [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Glen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Glen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2013 | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/111178 | teideal = Loch an Ghleanna | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gleanna, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] da4ph5w2eu3hx7em0tbocc0sr0lq9zy 1272880 1272879 2025-07-06T13:50:46Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272880 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8vrgofp23dpv4nnpcfevtekzyw6weza 1272882 1272880 2025-07-06T14:03:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272882 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] g8rj7the9rbcd3eiuj3esrbse0vgu5o 1272883 1272882 2025-07-06T14:20:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272883 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == '' Clea Lake '' == {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Clea Lake,''''' suite díreach in aice leis [[An Céide]] i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=McKenna /> '' It provides water for the Keady area and is a popular fishing location in south Armagh. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=McKenna>{{cite news | sloinne = McKenna | ainm = Micheal | teideal = Clea Lake: Environment agency confirm presence of Blue Green Algae | url = https://armaghi.com/news/keady-news/clea-lake-environment-agency-confirm-presence-of-blue-green-algae/224863 | dátarochtana = 5ú Samhain 2024 | work=Armagh I | dáta = 23ú Deireadh Fómhair 2023 | teanga = en}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] fl4eig3lorn5k6y9g0fz9senpwobq1e 1272884 1272883 2025-07-06T14:25:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272884 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == '' Clea Lake '' == {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Clea Lake,''''' suite díreach in aice leis [[An Céide]] i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=McKenna /> Soláthraíonn an loch uisce don cheantar mórthimpeall An Chéide. Is áit iascaireachta mór le rá é an loch i ndeisceart Ard Mhacha. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=McKenna>{{cite news | sloinne = McKenna | ainm = Micheal | teideal = Clea Lake: Environment agency confirm presence of Blue Green Algae | url = https://armaghi.com/news/keady-news/clea-lake-environment-agency-confirm-presence-of-blue-green-algae/224863 | dátarochtana = 5ú Samhain 2024 | work = Armagh I | dáta = 23ú Deireadh Fómhair 2023 | teanga = en}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ffwv03e0afr1ld9il19538x8l61cjge 1272885 1272884 2025-07-06T14:25:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272885 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]) # ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] g8rj7the9rbcd3eiuj3esrbse0vgu5o 1272887 1272885 2025-07-06T14:28:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272887 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] e9f4soi2xuuc0oqytfca19x2h1dz8rn 1272888 1272887 2025-07-06T14:40:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272888 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Dhoirinse'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[murlach]] sedimentary on the coast of south [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is located about {{convert|12|km|0}} north of [[Ballyshannon]] on the [[R231 road (Ireland)|R231]] road, just past the village of [[Rossnowlagh]]. It measures about {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} long north–south and {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} wide. == Hidreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is separated from the sea by [[drumlin]]s and high sand dunes. At one time, there was a natural outflow, but that has been replaced by an artificial channel, which admits some seawater. A small number of streams enter the lagoon. It has a salinity of up to 7 ppt<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra '' The lagoon forms the main part of the Durnesh Lough [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Donegal|Special Area of Conservation]], other parts being the dunes, the beach, a cobble storm-beach, drumlins covered with sand and a small seawater lagoon.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the lough have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|common reed]], [[Typha latifolia|bulrush]] and [[Scirpus lacustris|common clubrush]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|yellow iris]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|mare's tail]] and [[Phalaris arundinacea|reed canary-grass]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|shoreweed]] and common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|tasselweed]], [[Ruppia maritima|beaked tasselweed]], and the uncommon freshwater green alga ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[Taxon|taxa]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> '' Fish species in Durnesh Lough include [[sand goby]], [[European flounder|flounder]], [[common rudd|rudd]], [[three-spined stickleback]], [[brown trout|sea trout]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]].<ref name=IFI /> [[European otter|Otters]] are also present. '' Durnesh Lough is also part of the Durnesh Lough Important Bird Area. Significant species wintering here include [[mute swan]], [[whooper swan]], [[tundra swan]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[greater white-fronted goose]] and several species of duck which feed in the wet grassland adjacent to the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] mc7gbec67s584am5shusbybdxozdn4p 1272889 1272888 2025-07-06T14:48:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272889 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Dhoirinse'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[murlach]] sedimentary on the coast of south [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is located about {{convert|12|km|0}} north of [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] ar an mbóthar [[R231]], just past the village of [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is separated from the sea by [[droimnín]] and high sand dunes. At one time, there was a natural outflow, but that has been replaced by an artificial channel, which admits some seawater. A small number of streams enter the lagoon. It has a salinity of up to 7 ppt<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra '' The lagoon forms the main part of the Durnesh Lough [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]], other parts being the dunes, the beach, a cobble storm-beach, drumlins covered with sand and a small seawater lagoon.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the lough have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|common reed]], [[Typha latifolia|bulrush]] and [[Scirpus lacustris|common clubrush]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|yellow iris]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|mare's tail]] and [[Phalaris arundinacea|reed canary-grass]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|shoreweed]] and common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|tasselweed]], [[Ruppia maritima|beaked tasselweed]], and the uncommon freshwater green alga ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[Taxon|taxa]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> '' Fish species in Durnesh Lough include [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> '' [[European otter|Otters]] are also present. '' Durnesh Lough is also part of the Durnesh Lough Important Bird Area. Significant species wintering here include [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]] and several species of duck which feed in the wet grassland adjacent to the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 6d4zksk8xirimm89xe9macb0mssxmdt 1272890 1272889 2025-07-06T14:59:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Dhoirinse */ 1272890 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Dhoirinse'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[murlach]] sedimentary on the coast of south [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is located about {{convert|12|km|0}} north of [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] ar an mbóthar [[R231]], just past the village of [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is separated from the sea by [[droimnín]] and high sand dunes. At one time, there was a natural outflow, but that has been replaced by an artificial channel, which admits some seawater. A small number of streams enter the lagoon. It has a salinity of up to 7 ppt<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra '' The lagoon forms the main part of the Loch Dhoirinse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]], other parts being the dunes, the beach, a cobble storm-beach, drumlins covered with sand and a small seawater lagoon.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the loch have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|tasselweed]], [[Ruppia maritima|beaked tasselweed]], and the uncommon freshwater green alga ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[Taxon|taxa]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> '' [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|Dobhrán]] are also present. '' Durnesh Lough is also part of the '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. Significant species wintering here include [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]] and several species of duck which feed in the wet grassland adjacent to the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] fpqh58wc18i2v10awhxg4sr64r5afn4 1272891 1272890 2025-07-06T15:07:33Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272891 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Dhoirinse'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[murlach]] sedimentary on the coast of south [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is located about {{convert|12|km|0}} north of [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] ar an mbóthar [[R231]], just past the village of [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht '' Loch Dhoirinse is separated from the sea by [[droimnín]] and high sand dunes. At one time, there was a natural outflow, but that has been replaced by an artificial channel, which admits some seawater. A small number of streams enter the lagoon. It has a salinity of up to 7 ppt<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra '' The lagoon forms the main part of the Loch Dhoirinse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]], other parts being the dunes, the beach, a cobble storm-beach, drumlins covered with sand and a small seawater lagoon.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the loch have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|scothóga]], [[Ruppia maritima|scothóga mara]] agus uncommon freshwater alga glas ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[tacsón]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> '' [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|Dobhrán]] are also present. '' Durnesh Lough is also part of the '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. Significant species wintering here include [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]] and several species of duck which feed in the wet grassland adjacent to the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] e404nyjcbe4sbg7cnl5hlsxoj4nrhzx 1272892 1272891 2025-07-06T15:13:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272892 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is [[murlach]] dríodrach é ''' Loch Dhoirinse,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite ar chósta theas {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}}. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} taobh ó thuaidh {{h|Béal Átha Seanaidh}} ar an mbóthar [[R231]], díreach tar éis an tsráidbhaile, [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse is separated from the sea ag [[droimnín]]í agus dumhcha arda. Tráth dá raibh, bhí was a natural outflow, but that has been replaced by an artificial channel, which admits some seawater. A small number of streams enter the lagoon. It has a salinity of up to 7 ppt<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra '' The lagoon forms the main part of the Loch Dhoirinse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]], other parts being the dunes, the beach, a cobble storm-beach, drumlins covered with sand and a small seawater lagoon.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the loch have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|scothóga]], [[Ruppia maritima|scothóga mara]] agus uncommon freshwater alga glas ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[tacsón]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> '' [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|Dobhrán]] are also present. '' Durnesh Lough is also part of the '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. Significant species wintering here include [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]] and several species of duck which feed in the wet grassland adjacent to the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] k58zwa06hnlt5p3uzrdawg0odoy7s21 1272893 1272892 2025-07-06T15:35:21Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Dhoirinse */ 1272893 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is [[murlach]] dríodrach é ''' Loch Dhoirinse,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite ar chósta theas {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}}. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} taobh ó thuaidh {{h|Béal Átha Seanaidh}} ar an mbóthar [[R231]], díreach lasmuigh den tsráidbhaile, [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse roinnte ón fharraige ag [[droimnín]]í agus dumhcha arda. Tá salandacht ann suas go dtí 7 codanna sa mhíle. Sreabhann roinnt srutháin bheaga isteach sa mhurlach. Tráth dá raibh, bhí eis-sreabhadh nádúrtha ann, ach cuireadh cainéal saorga ina ionad.<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra Is é an chuid is mó é an murlach den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Loch Dhoirinse. I measc áiteanna eile, tá dumhacha, an trá, duirling stoirme doirneoige, droimníní clúdaithe le gaineamh agus murlach beag sáile.<ref name=NPWS /> '' The margins of the loch have extensive reedbeds with [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. In the parts of the lough with a muddy [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], the emergent vegetation includes [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In the stony areas there are [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. Submerged vegetation includes [[Ruppia cirrhosa|scothóga]], [[Ruppia maritima|scothóga mara]] agus uncommon freshwater alga glas ''[[Chara canescens]]''. There are also some uncommon [[invertebrate]]s among the 48 [[tacsón]] recorded in the lough.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|dobhráin]] ann chomh maith. Tá an loch lastigh den '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. I measc spéiceas suntasach ann, tá [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]], agus i dteannta sin roinnt spéiceas lachan a chothaíonn san fhéarach fliuch in aice leis an loch.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] cg5ntoccpmdy6ug53rqyt1w0irznxbn 1272894 1272893 2025-07-06T15:43:06Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272894 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Dhoirinse == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is [[murlach]] dríodrach é ''' Loch Dhoirinse,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite ar chósta theas {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}}. == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} taobh ó thuaidh {{h|Béal Átha Seanaidh}} ar an mbóthar [[R231]], díreach lasmuigh den tsráidbhaile, [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht Tá Loch Dhoirinse roinnte ón fharraige ag [[droimnín]]í agus dumhcha arda. Tá salandacht ann suas go dtí 7 codanna sa mhíle. Sreabhann roinnt srutháin bheaga isteach sa mhurlach. Tráth dá raibh, bhí eis-sreabhadh nádúrtha ann, ach cuireadh cainéal saorga ina ionad.<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra Is é an chuid is mó é an murlach den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Loch Dhoirinse. I measc áiteanna eile, tá dumhacha, an trá, duirling stoirme doirneoige, droimníní clúdaithe le gaineamh agus murlach beag sáile.<ref name=NPWS /> Ar bhruacha na locha tá an-chuid giolcarnach ann, le [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. Anseo agus ansiúd sa loch le foshraith lábach, feictear fásra amhail is [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In áiteanna clochacha, tá [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. I measc fásra faoin uisce, tá [[Ruppia cirrhosa|scothóga]], [[Ruppia maritima|scothóga mara]] agus alga glas fionnuisce neamhchoitianta ''[[Chara canescens]]''. Tá an fosta roinnt [[Inveirteabrach]] neamhchoitianta i measc na 48 [[tacsón]] taifeadtha sa loch.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|dobhráin]] ann chomh maith. Tá an loch lastigh den '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. I measc spéiceas suntasach ann, tá [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]], agus i dteannta sin roinnt spéiceas lachan a chothaíonn san fhéarach fliuch in aice leis an loch.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Durnesh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] grmxlhflfitc7rx7j4kjravycoh7zrf 1272895 1272894 2025-07-06T15:43:33Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272895 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] #* [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'' #* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] e9f4soi2xuuc0oqytfca19x2h1dz8rn 1272897 1272895 2025-07-06T15:47:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272897 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8asezn5nmb194l34v37r4igerkczymm 1272900 1272897 2025-07-06T16:41:58Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272900 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Inchiquin Lough|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - [[]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] juiwch3ikogbch4w2q5lrz55kbc53lg 1272901 1272900 2025-07-06T16:42:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272901 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Inchiquin Lough, County Kerry|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - [[]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] izueboe1kru9p6xydnzew7lcw8ezolr 1272902 1272901 2025-07-06T16:44:47Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272902 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - [[]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] s1qgt2qg1vhf12neqom2bzretj8vpmu 1272903 1272902 2025-07-06T17:16:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272903 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == '' Kiltooris Lough '' == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '''Kiltooris Lough'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> is a [[fionnuisce]] suite i iardheisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} near Damhros Bay. ==Geography and hydrology Kiltooris Lough is about {{convert|8|km|0}} northwest of [[Ardara, County Donegal|Ardara]].<ref name=IFI/> It measures about {{convert|1.5|km|0|abbr=on}} long north–south and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=GoogleMaps/> Kiltooris Lough is [[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|oligotrophic]].<ref name=NPWS/> ==Natural history Fish species in Kiltooris Lough include [[Atlantic salmon|salmon]], [[three-spined stickleback]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]].<ref name=IFI/> Kiltooris Lough is part of the West of Ardara/Maas Road [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Donegal|Special Area of Conservation]].<ref name=NPWS/> ==See also *[[List of loughs in Ireland]] ==References {{reflist|refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=GoogleMaps>{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kiltooris+Lake,+Co.+Donegal,+Ireland/@54.8203271,-8.511013,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485f1322e2ee19f9:0x2d5618b14e9ea067?hl=en | title = Kiltooris Lake | access-date = 7 February 2016}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Kiltooris_report_2014.pdf | title = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Kiltooris Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = August 2014 | access-date = 7 February 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000197.pdf | title = West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 7 February 2016}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Donegal|Kiltooris]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] q095l4gednhfcnqizdj3heg9dpb2n46 1272906 1272903 2025-07-06T18:38:33Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Kiltooris Lough */ 1272906 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == '' Kiltooris Lough '' == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Kiltooris Lough'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i n-iardheisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar de Chuan Damhrois. == Tíreolaíocht Tá '' Kiltooris Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas d'[[Ard an Rátha]].<ref name=IFI /> Tá sé {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá uisce an locha [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]].<ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc in '' Kiltooris Lough,'' tá [[bradán]], [[garmachán]] [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá an loch laistigh den Ardara/Maas Road [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] .<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/14600.aspx | teideal = Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Kiltooris_report_2014.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2014 | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000197.pdf | teideal = West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiltooris Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] bf4w3oy5i44h2iwycu3qztga8l6zsze 1272907 1272906 2025-07-06T18:39:25Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Kiltooris Lough */ 1272907 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == '' Kiltooris Lough '' == {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Kiltooris Lough'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i n-iardheisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar de Chuan Damhrois. == Tíreolaíocht Tá '' Kiltooris Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas d'[[Ard an Rátha]].<ref name=IFI /> Tá sé {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá uisce an locha [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]].<ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc in '' Kiltooris Lough,'' tá [[bradán]], [[garmachán]] [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá an loch laistigh den Ardara/Maas Road [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] .<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/14600.aspx | teideal = Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Kiltooris_report_2014.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2014 | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000197.pdf | teideal = West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiltooris Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ry52ez7glqu3t7nivp4j3yv22fx9aaj 1272908 1272907 2025-07-06T18:40:42Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272908 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Kiltooris Lough|Kiltooris Lough]]'' - ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ta2wra0axr8a7gtozpuex4x9r7ovt4b 1272910 1272908 2025-07-06T18:45:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272910 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 7m326eg277sb9v6e6b3m072v0ryda4x 1272913 1272910 2025-07-06T18:58:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272913 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lickeen Lough ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' '''''Lickeen Lough'''''<ref name=EPA/> is a [[fionnuisce]] suite sa [[An Bhoiri Burren]], i g [[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Tá '' Lickeen Lough '' measures about {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide. It lies about {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Ennistymon]]. == Stair an dúlra '' Fish species in Lickeen Lough include [[common rudd|rudd]], [[brown trout]], [[three-spined stickleback]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]]. [[Arctic char]] formerly present in the lake are now extinct.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lickeen_report_2013.pdf | title = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lickeen Lough | publisher = [[Inland Fisheries Ireland]] | date = September 2013 | access-date = 5 January 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lickeen Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] drmhqfycqvjt7i21cqnvd3c5c013lau 1272916 1272913 2025-07-06T19:24:46Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272916 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lickeen Lough ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' '''''Lickeen Lough'''''<ref name=EPA/> is a [[fionnuisce]] suite sa [[An Bhoiri Burren]], i g [[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Tá '' Lickeen Lough '' measures about {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide. It lies about {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} northeast of [[y]]. == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i '' Lickeen Lough,'' tá [[ruán]], [[breac donn]], [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Bhíodh [[ruabhreac Artach]] tráth dá loch, ach tá anois extinct.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lickeen_report_2013.pdf | title = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lickeen Lough | publisher = [[Inland Fisheries Ireland]] | date = September 2013 | access-date = 5 January 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lickeen Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] jhtmh7t9ksn7egjj3pbuml02a9b8i6y 1272917 1272916 2025-07-06T19:35:08Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lickeen Lough */ 1272917 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lickeen Lough ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' '''''Lickeen Lough'''''<ref name=EPA/> is a [[fionnuisce]] suite sa [[An Bhoiri Burren]], i g [[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht '' Tá '' Lickeen Lough '' {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar hÉireann. Tá an loch tuairim {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh d'[[Inis Díomáin]]. == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i '' Lickeen Lough,'' tá [[ruán]], [[breac donn]], [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Bhíodh [[ruabhreac Artach]] tráth dá loch, ach tá anois díofa.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/104197.aspx | teideal = Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lickeen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Inland Fisheries Ireland]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2013 | dátarochtana = 5ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lickeen Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 0wcm9za9ywq9czcz196yggagxk0idsh 1272918 1272917 2025-07-06T19:41:39Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lickeen Lough */ 1272918 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lickeen Lough ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''''Lickeen Lough'''''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite sa [[An Bhoirinn| Bhoirinn]] i g[[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht Tá '' Lickeen Lough '' {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar hÉireann. Tá an loch tuairim {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh d'[[Inis Díomáin]]. == Stair an dúlra I measc na n-iasc i '' Lickeen Lough,'' tá [[ruán]], [[breac donn]], [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Bhíodh [[ruabhreac Artach]] tráth dá loch, ach tá anois díofa.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/104197.aspx | teideal = Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lickeen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2013 | dátarochtana = 5ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lickeen Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 1fgqqb8d632mf0lw8peeiihr7pduql6 1272919 1272918 2025-07-06T19:54:32Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272919 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Lickeen Lough|Lickeen Lough]]'' - ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 7m326eg277sb9v6e6b3m072v0ryda4x 1272921 1272919 2025-07-06T19:56:34Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272921 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 2jh7bjkieyf09ni9psiu06zdvrxhrp1 1272923 1272921 2025-07-06T20:20:01Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272923 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Gullion ''== {{tl|teideal íodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' '''''Lough Gullion''''' is a shallow [[lake]] north of [[Craigavon, County Armagh|Craigavon]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha Armagh]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra '' The lough is vegetated with [[Sparganium|bur-reed]] agus [[Alisma|water plantain]]. '' Regular birds visiting the lough include [[tufted duck]], [[mute swan]], [[Common pochard|pochard]] and [[northern shoveler]].<ref name=craigavon /> '' Fish include [[common bream|bream]], [[common roach|roach]], [[perch]], [[eel]] and [[northern pike]]. == See also == * [[List of loughs in Ireland]] == References == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 2nikrheqroqkmty5dvrdi53llcnbw9j 1272924 1272923 2025-07-06T20:25:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lough Gullion */ 1272924 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Gullion ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch tanaí é '' '''''Lough Gullion,''''' suite i [[Craigavon, County Armagh|Craigavon]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra '' The lough is vegetated with [[Sparganium|bur-reed]] agus [[Alisma|water plantain]]. '' Regular birds visiting the lough include [[tufted duck]], [[eala bhalbh]], [[Common pochard|pochard]] and [[northern shoveler]].<ref name=craigavon /> '' Fish include [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[róiste]], [[péirse]], [[eascann]] agus [[liús]]. == See also == * [[List of loughs in Ireland]] == References == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] hki6cuots4fg7vmo3vae456xr3zelkz 1272925 1272924 2025-07-06T20:25:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272925 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Gullion ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch tanaí é '' '''''Lough Gullion,''''' suite i [[Craigavon, County Armagh|Craigavon]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra '' The lough is vegetated with [[Sparganium|bur-reed]] agus [[Alisma|water plantain]]. '' Regular birds visiting the lough include [[tufted duck]], [[eala bhalbh]], [[Common pochard|pochard]] and [[northern shoveler]].<ref name=craigavon /> '' Fish include [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[róiste]], [[péirse]], [[eascann]] agus [[liús]]. == See also == * [[List of loughs in Ireland]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] dgo2ehc9skr8y4nwoovlql4krx862i3 1272926 1272925 2025-07-06T20:26:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272926 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Gullion ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch tanaí é '' '''''Lough Gullion,''''' suite i [[Craigavon, County Armagh|Craigavon]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra '' The lough is vegetated with [[Sparganium|bur-reed]] agus [[Alisma|water plantain]]. '' Regular birds visiting the lough include [[tufted duck]], [[eala bhalbh]], [[Common pochard|pochard]] and [[northern shoveler]].<ref name=craigavon /> '' Fish include [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[róiste]], [[péirse]], [[eascann]] agus [[liús]]. == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] cbpmrxw4e71czyg78xwwox0cxw11mf5 1272927 1272926 2025-07-06T20:35:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lough Gullion */ 1272927 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Gullion ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch tanaí é ''''' Lough Gullion,''''' suite taobh ó thuaidh de {{h|Creag Abhann}} i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra San fhásra i '' Lough Gullion,'' tá [[Sparganium|rísheisc]] agus [[Alisma|corrchopóg]]. I measc na n-éan atá ann go minic, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[eala bhalbh]], [[lacha mhásach]] agus [[spadalach tuaisceartach]].<ref name=craigavon /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[róiste]], [[péirse]], [[eascann]] agus [[liús]]. == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] g2qess2picrhrsi91w5lvysesmdrmbh 1272928 1272927 2025-07-06T20:36:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272928 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 2jh7bjkieyf09ni9psiu06zdvrxhrp1 1272929 1272928 2025-07-06T20:39:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272929 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] # ''[[:en:Lough Gullion|Lough Gullion]]'' - ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] i9vuudqx2nhaav3qy5d8h0a72nfx34h 1272931 1272929 2025-07-06T20:41:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272931 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 42gkdibxqul98or3kloz24beyiwza8e 1272932 1272931 2025-07-06T20:52:06Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272932 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[Cloonagh Lough]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] olfwzx8erntq1mef66ifodul5zy0wvg 1272933 1272932 2025-07-06T21:10:31Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272933 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[Cloonagh Lough]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Cloonagh Lough ''== {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''''Cloonagh Lough,'''''<ref name=EPA/> suite i n-iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}} i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. == Tíreolaíocht Cloonagh Lough is located about {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Ballyhaunis]].<ref name=GoogleMaps/> == Stair an dúlra Tá bruach thuaidh an locha lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Portach Dhoire an Fhia.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000604.pdf | teideal = Derrinea Bog SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Márta 2016}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Roscommon|Cloonagh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] r8f3nzd4n8pofvvu2zdce0bueg85pi8 1272934 1272933 2025-07-06T21:13:05Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Cloonagh Lough */ 1272934 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[Cloonagh Lough]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Cloonagh Lough ''== {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''''Cloonagh Lough,'''''<ref name=EPA/> suite i n-iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}} i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. == Tíreolaíocht Tá '' Cloonagh Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}}. == Stair an dúlra Tá bruach thuaidh an locha lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Portach Dhoire an Fhia.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000604.pdf | teideal = Derrinea Bog SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Márta 2016}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Roscommon|Cloonagh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] te4e08adf8akax4xna6kgty7e0li8yy 1272935 1272934 2025-07-06T21:13:34Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272935 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonagh Lough|Cloonagh Lough]]'' - [[Cloonagh Lough]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] olfwzx8erntq1mef66ifodul5zy0wvg 1272937 1272935 2025-07-06T21:31:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272937 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 92uygps6oquxarnoi9pg1m7z0l1shux 1272938 1272937 2025-07-06T21:53:25Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272938 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Island Reavy ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} ''''' Lough Island Reavy,''''' is a small man-made [[lough]] in [[Kilcoo, County Down|Kilcoo]], [[County Down]], [[Northern Ireland]]. It is a fishing spot,<ref name=daera /> which was controlled by the [[Kilcoo Angling Club]]. The lake contains [[Esox|pike]] and [[perch]], as well as small numbers of wild [[brown trout]] and [[eel]]s. == Gailearaí <gallery> 2004_0904Image0111_wiki.jpg|Luí na gréine thar an loch WINTER_08-09_208_wiki.jpg|'' Bhí Lough Island Reavy was frozen over in Eanáir 2010 </gallery> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=daera>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2023-01-06 | teideal = Management of Fishing Rights at Lough Island Reavy | url = https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/management-fishing-rights-lough-island-reavy-public-angling-estate-closed | access-date=2024-02-13 | work = DAERA | language = en}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Island Reavy, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Dúin]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 1gam8p39ifc8ixk24tp6kxl40dr9wp1 1272941 1272938 2025-07-06T22:23:55Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lough Island Reavy */ 1272941 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' =='' Lough Island Reavy ''== {{tl|teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch beag saorga é ''''' Lough Island Reavy,''''' suite gar de {{h|Cill Chua}}, [[Contae an Dúin]]. Is láthair iascaireachta é an loch,<ref name=daera /> faoi bhainistiú tráth amháin [[Kilcoo Angling Club]]. I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[liús]] agus [[péirse]], chomh maith le líonta beaga [[breac donn|bric dhoinn]] agus [[eascann|eascainne]] fiáin. == Gailearaí <gallery> 2004_0904Image0111_wiki.jpg | Luí na gréine thar an loch WINTER_08-09_208_wiki.jpg | Bhí Lough Island Reavy reoite le linn Eanáir 2010 </gallery> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=daera>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2023-01-06 | teideal = Management of Fishing Rights at Lough Island Reavy | url = https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/management-fishing-rights-lough-island-reavy-public-angling-estate-closed | access-date=2024-02-13 | work = DAERA | language = en}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Island Reavy, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Dúin]] {{síol-tír-ie}} == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] e980yolfbew2zxbrnc4gddtssu9zrx2 1272942 1272941 2025-07-06T22:24:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272942 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]] #* ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) # ''[[:en:Lough Island Reavy|Lough Island Reavy]]'' - [[Lough Island Reavy]] #* ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 92uygps6oquxarnoi9pg1m7z0l1shux 1272944 1272942 2025-07-06T22:28:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272944 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) #* ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] m2tm01cn8ir1lnw8b7v0of440s8vlh6 1272945 1272944 2025-07-06T22:29:14Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272945 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' - [[]] (Ciarraí) #* ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] raed55q6k3p9gdzdhz5mcqp8ug3xt3i 1272946 1272945 2025-07-06T22:31:02Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272946 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'', ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] df4uxe7ql538z4qic9la20k6lbqq5qv 1272948 1272946 2025-07-06T22:33:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Charraig an Phoirt */ 1272948 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'', ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] sts5b9m4k893k22qo82lykk2ioqcibp 1272949 1272948 2025-07-06T22:36:31Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272949 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], [[Locha Chluain Í]], [[Loch Dhrom Mór]], [[Loch Dhoirinse]], [[Loch an Ghleanna]], [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]], [[Loch Mám Aodha]], [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]]), ''[[Clea Lake]]'', [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] #* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]], ''[[Lough Gullion]]'', ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'', ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'', ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'', ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] n493t60cs7a37l3au82rin03nodkwte 1272950 1272949 2025-07-06T22:57:45Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272950 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 77354qn20gwsrr83vb9cdxrvi6ilaek 1272956 1272950 2025-07-07T07:09:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna Chill Airne */ 1272956 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna the lakes], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 9zbqrtbxll0qjbxff6vvntxoh4g05ji 1272957 1272956 2025-07-07T07:16:32Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272957 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna the lakes], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] gg0x0xr6yecn1jsvtvn7537ydmvduas 1272958 1272957 2025-07-07T07:39:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna Chill Airne */ 1272958 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] h05fl2fiw6g49q6qk7pigcabicsdcb1 1272960 1272958 2025-07-07T07:48:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272960 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=readersnatural /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} 4k65pd12428q8dd9ll1n1i3h73sj87z 1272961 1272960 2025-07-07T07:57:03Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272961 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} c63o8e2pd827yenueuppobriwrsny3q 1272963 1272961 2025-07-07T08:06:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Mhucrois */ 1272963 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb| Radharc ar Loch Mhucrois ó Droichead an Bhricín]] Aitheanta fosta mar An Loch Lárnach nó Loch an Toirc, tá Loch Mhucrois suite díreach ó dheas de Loch Léin.<ref name=ballantyne /> Tá eatarthu leithinis beag, agus Droichead áirseach chloiche an Bhricín ag dul trasna air.<ref name=readersnatural /> Is é an loch is doimhne na hÉireann, huasdomhain {{convert|75|m|ft}} aige.<ref name=foran /> Tá [[fánaíocht]] pábháilte tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad timpeall an locha.<ref name=":0" /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} nn4iz02naxfzmafomdr55wxs9k9vp69 1272964 1272963 2025-07-07T08:06:31Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272964 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} qedphcdbozannkyxqfrr939kp8o5evr 1272966 1272964 2025-07-07T08:10:16Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272966 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] Is Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes /> an loch is mó, agus an ceann is faide ó thuaidh, le hachar {{convert|19|km2|acre}} aige.<ref name=park2 /> Sreabhann [[An Leamhain]] as an loch siar ó thuaidh, i dtreo {{h|Cill Orglan}} agus i m[[Bá an Daingin]] isteach. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} 70zrfxj14cfyc04orykd6uzmhe8zfs5 1272967 1272966 2025-07-07T08:10:28Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272967 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} 277oqpej0zgg7f7kxkdamt0qgnj4m43 1272970 1272967 2025-07-07T08:12:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272970 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. g5t8udpvjnzgijt50fcvy17pr1713tv 1272972 1272970 2025-07-07T08:23:42Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272972 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == Tá an-chuid oileán beag faoi chrainn sa loch, san áireamh [[Inis Faithlinn]] le fothrach Mhainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> Ar an mbruach thoir, tá leithinis darbh ainm, [[Oileán an Rois]], air a fuarthas an ceárta den [[an Choparaois|Choparaois]] is luaite i [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> '' [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. tkcsx9rd3sq62wr1g7x15c5n6xwq0u9 1272974 1272972 2025-07-07T08:35:48Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272974 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == Tá an-chuid oileán beag faoi chrainn sa loch, san áireamh [[Inis Faithlinn]] le fothrach Mhainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> Ar an mbruach thoir, tá leithinis darbh ainm, [[Oileán an Rois]], air a fuarthas an ceárta den [[an Choparaois|Choparaois]] is luaite i [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> Faightear [[Caisleán an Rois]], [[daingean]] den 15ú haois, ar bhruach thoir an locha, raibh ó thuaidh den leithinis. 8vibqwwu7e56ihl51mq913yl7cdm3im 1272975 1272974 2025-07-07T08:48:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */ 1272975 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]-->, Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] # ''[[:en:Kenmare River|Kenmare River]]'' - [[An Ribhéar]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] # [[Turlach Ghleann na Madadh]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. '' The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} '' The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú '' Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} === Rare moss '' In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} === Other wildlife '' The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Loch Léin == Tá an-chuid oileán beag faoi chrainn sa loch, san áireamh [[Inis Faithlinn]] le fothrach Mhainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> Ar an mbruach thoir, tá leithinis darbh ainm, [[Oileán an Rois]], air a fuarthas an ceárta den [[an Choparaois|Choparaois]] is luaite i [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> Faightear [[Caisleán an Rois]], [[daingean]] den 15ú haois, ar bhruach thoir an locha, taobh ó thuaidh den leithinis. mns1o3vx2r4fn4g7uf2rsd1naxl46y9 Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Limistéir Speisialta 2 119998 1272947 1272731 2025-07-06T22:32:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272947 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood]]'' - [[xxx]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO<sup>3</sup> and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ===Conservation objectives The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> == Geology The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} adie6he9zfevoqfurspydom843bctxu Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann 0 120105 1272955 1272673 2025-07-07T00:27:08Z Xqbot 3926 Bot: Ag socrú athsheolta dúbailte → [[Camchéachta (bratach)]] 1272955 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Camchéachta (bratach)]] hvoam1or6flmnuufg5w1rwvrtyhncug Locha Chluain Í 0 120134 1272873 2025-07-06T12:59:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol) 1272873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is córas lochanna é ''' Locha Chluain Í''',<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], agus ann trí loch, Uachtair, Láir agus Íochtair. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Locha Chluain Í {{convert|8|km|1}} ó dheas de [[Neidín]] ar an leithinis {{h|Béarra}}.<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá uisce na lochanna [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]]. Soláthraíonn an loch uachtair ag an ''Ameen River'' as [[Loch Inse Choinn]]. Tá na lochanna féin nasctha leis an ''Beal-na-Shannin River''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Ritheann an loch íochtair isteach san [[An Ribhéar|Ribhéar]] trí Abhainn Chluain Í.<ref name=NPWS/> == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc i Locha Chluain Í, tá [[ruabhreac Artach ]],<ref name=NPWS/> [[breac donn]], [[breac geal]] and scaití [[bradán]].<ref name="Discover Ireland"/> Tá na lochanna lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Locha Chluain Í agus Inse Choinn.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10 | foilsíodh = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166320 | teideal = Locha Chluain Í | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1419420.aspx | teideal = Beal-na-Shannin River | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name="Discover Ireland">{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | teideal = Angling Cloonee System | work = [[Discover Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 18ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054827/https://www.discoverireland.ie/kerry/angling-cloonee-system | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | teideal = Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 18 October 2022 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019054842/https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/001342 | url-status = live }}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cluain Í, Locha}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] {{síol-tír-ie}} 01d0jbfl15y4uby8oetevu29v5m8bte Loch Dhrom Mór 0 120135 1272877 2025-07-06T13:21:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol?) 1272877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Dhrom Mór,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Dhrom Mór {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh d'[[Inis (baile)|Inis]] agus gar den tsráidbhaile, [[An Ruán]]. Tá Caisleán Drom Mór ar bhruach thoir thuaidh an locha. == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc i Loch Dhrom Mór, tá [[péirse]], [[ruán]], [[liús]] and agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[spágaire tonn]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]], [[gadual]], [[praslacha]] agus [[lacha bhadánach]]. Tá loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Coillte agus Lochanna Dhrom Mór.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/1399925 | teideal = Loch Dhrom Mór | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Dromore_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Dromore Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2012 | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000032.pdf | teideal = Dromore Woods and Loughs SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drom Mór, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] ou70hm49ged5xsm6pnkttbp6cthrb5t Loch an Ghleanna 0 120136 1272881 2025-07-06T13:51:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Ghleanna,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i dtuaisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar den [[An Craoslach|Chraoslach]]. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch an Ghleanna {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert |0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá an loch tuairim is {{convert|5|km|1}} soir ó Chraoslach,<ref name=IFI/> díreach taobh thuaidh de [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Ghleann Bheatha]]. Tá bunchnoic {{h|Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha}} ar bhruach thiar an locha agus bunchnoic na ''[[Glendowan Mountains]]'' ar a bhruach theas.<ref name=GeoMaps/> == Hidreolaíocht == Soláthraítear Loch an Ghleanna go formhór ag Abhainn Choradh a shreabhann isteach ó dheas ar loch eile ón aice láimhe. Ritheann an loch amach ó thuaidh lake trí Lackagh River, a shreabhann féin i g[[Cuan na gCaorach]] isteach.<ref name=IFI/> == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Ghleanna, tá [[breac donn]], [[ruabhreac Artach]], [[bradán]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 12 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=GeoMaps>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.geologicalmaps.net/irishhistmapsdownload/b02008.pdf | teideal = Explanatory Memoir | work = Irish historical geological maps | date = 1891 | leathanaigh = 6 | foilsitheoir = [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Glen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Glen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2013 | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/111178 | teideal = Loch an Ghleanna | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 16ú Lúnasa 2015 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gleanna, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] 4lcwn8yif94s3e7gk57eiv943tuqgz4 Clea Lake 0 120137 1272886 2025-07-06T14:27:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol) 1272886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Clea Lake,''''' suite díreach in aice leis [[An Céide]] i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=McKenna /> Soláthraíonn an loch uisce don cheantar mórthimpeall An Chéide. Is áit iascaireachta mór le rá é an loch i ndeisceart Ard Mhacha. == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=McKenna>{{cite news | sloinne = McKenna | ainm = Micheal | teideal = Clea Lake: Environment agency confirm presence of Blue Green Algae | url = https://armaghi.com/news/keady-news/clea-lake-environment-agency-confirm-presence-of-blue-green-algae/224863 | dátarochtana = 5ú Samhain 2024 | work = Armagh I | dáta = 23ú Deireadh Fómhair 2023 | teanga = en}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clea Lake}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} s2100h5gly8y1unqj14hptroo9inu5u Loch Dhoirinse 0 120138 1272896 2025-07-06T15:45:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is [[murlach]] dríodrach é ''' Loch Dhoirinse,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite ar chósta theas {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}}. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Dhoirinse {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} taobh ó thuaidh {{h|Béal Átha Seanaidh}} ar an mbóthar [[R231]], díreach lasmuigh den tsráidbhaile, [[Ros Neamhlach]]. Tá an loch {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh-theas agus {{convert|1.0|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. == Hidreolaíocht == Tá Loch Dhoirinse roinnte ón fharraige ag [[droimnín]]í agus dumhcha arda. Tá salandacht ann suas go dtí 7 codanna sa mhíle. Sreabhann roinnt srutháin bheaga isteach sa mhurlach. Tráth dá raibh, bhí eis-sreabhadh nádúrtha ann, ach cuireadh cainéal saorga ina ionad.<ref name=IFI /><ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra == Is é an chuid is mó é an murlach den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Loch Dhoirinse. I measc áiteanna eile, tá dumhacha, an trá, duirling stoirme doirneoige, droimníní clúdaithe le gaineamh agus murlach beag sáile.<ref name=NPWS /> Ar bhruacha na locha tá an-chuid giolcarnach ann, le [[Phragmites australis|giolcach]], [[Typha latifolia|coigeal na mban sí]] agus [[Scirpus lacustris|bogshifín]]. Anseo agus ansiúd sa loch le foshraith lábach, feictear fásra amhail is [[Iris pseudacorus|feileastram]], [[Hippuris vulgaris|Hippuris vulgaris]] agus [[Phalaris arundinacea|cuiscreach]]. In áiteanna clochacha, tá [[Littorella uniflora|lus an chladaigh]] agus common club-rush. I measc fásra faoin uisce, tá [[Ruppia cirrhosa|scothóga]], [[Ruppia maritima|scothóga mara]] agus alga glas fionnuisce neamhchoitianta ''[[Chara canescens]]''. Tá an fosta roinnt [[Inveirteabrach]] neamhchoitianta i measc na 48 [[tacsón]] taifeadtha sa loch.<ref name=NPWS /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[mac siobháin gainimh]], [[leith]], [[ruán]], [[garmachán]], [[breac geal]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá [[Dobhrán Eoráiseach|dobhráin]] ann chomh maith. Tá an loch lastigh den '' Important Bird Area '' Loch Dhoirinse. I measc spéiceas suntasach ann, tá [[eala bhalbh]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[eala thundra]],<ref name=Birdlife/> [[gé bhánéadanach]], agus i dteannta sin roinnt spéiceas lachan a chothaíonn san fhéarach fliuch in aice leis an loch.<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/111145.aspx | teideal = Loch Dhoirinse | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000138.pdf | teideal = Durnesh Lough SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | format = PDF | dátarochtana = 30ú Márta 2020}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Durnesh_Lough_estuary_report_2009.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2009 | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | format = PDF | dartraighe = 17ú Márta 2016}}</ref> <ref name=Birdlife>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=557 | teideal = Birdlife Data Zone: Durnesh Lough | dáta = 2000 | foilsitheoir = [[BirdLife International]] | dátarochtana = 17ú Márta 2014}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Doirinse, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] 72b6t4s8rl33vh34vgcn9hzobvx2csq Kiltooris Lough 0 120139 1272909 2025-07-06T18:43:59Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Kiltooris Lough,'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i n-iardheisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar de Chuan Damhrois. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá '' Kiltooris Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas d'[[Ard an Rátha]].<ref name=IFI /> Tá sé {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá uisce an locha [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]].<ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc in '' Kiltooris Lough,'' tá [[bradán]], [[garmachán]] [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá an loch laistigh den Ardara/Maas Road [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] .<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/14600.aspx | teideal = Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Kiltooris_report_2014.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2014 | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000197.pdf | teideal = West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiltooris Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] p7nolnucrw16ublb0v8w4cpqnvxezky 1272914 1272909 2025-07-06T18:58:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''''Kiltooris Lough,'''''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite i n-iardheisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar de Chuan Damhrois. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá '' Kiltooris Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas d'[[Ard an Rátha]].<ref name=IFI /> Tá sé {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead. Tá uisce an locha [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|olagatrófach]].<ref name=NPWS /> == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc in '' Kiltooris Lough,'' tá [[bradán]], [[garmachán]] [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.<ref name=IFI /> Tá an loch laistigh den Ardara/Maas Road [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] .<ref name=NPWS /> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/14600.aspx | teideal = Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Kiltooris_report_2014.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Kiltooris Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2014 | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000197.pdf | teideal = West of Ardara/Maas Road SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 7ú Feabhra 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiltooris Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]] e7gmp13ojdh15mbnnp6o6ojay94lyvo Lickeen Lough 0 120140 1272920 2025-07-06T19:55:16Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''''Lickeen Lough'''''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite sa [[An Bhoirinn| Bhoirinn]] i g[[Contae an Chláir]]. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá '' Lickeen Lough '' {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar hÉireann. Tá an loch tuairim {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh d'[[Inis Díomáin]]. == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc i '' Lickeen Lough,'' tá [[ruán]], [[breac donn]], [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Bhíodh [[ruabhreac Artach]] tráth dá loch, ach tá anois díofa.<ref name=IFI/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/104197.aspx | teideal = Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 12 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022 | archive-date = 26 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220726141316/https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=IFI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lickeen_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lickeen Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Meán Fómhair 2013 | dátarochtana = 5ú Eanáir 2016}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lickeen Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chláir]] 62cnj3vu596nls9zzx0i81xpu8g6s93 Ocean Lakes Ardscoil 0 120141 1272922 2025-07-06T20:09:21Z USA1855 67669 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1288463395|Ocean Lakes High School]]" 1272922 wikitext text/x-wiki Is ardscoil poiblí í '''Ocean Lakes Ardscoil''' i [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]], agus i Cathair Virginia Beach scoileanna poiblí. [[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]] f33h51a5e1pik29hwfapz9zucwfnm9c Lough Gullion 0 120142 1272930 2025-07-06T20:40:15Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch tanaí é ''''' Lough Gullion,''''' suite taobh ó thuaidh de {{h|Creag Abhann}} i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]].<ref name=chs /> == Fiadhúlra == San fhásra i '' Lough Gullion,'' tá [[Sparganium|rísheisc]] agus [[Alisma|corrchopóg]]. I measc na n-éan atá ann go minic, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[eala bhalbh]], [[lacha mhásach]] agus [[spadalach tuaisceartach]].<ref name=craigavon /> I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[róiste]], [[péirse]], [[eascann]] agus [[liús]]. == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=chs>{{cite journal | title = The Lough Gullion Drainage Attempt | url = https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | url-status = dead | journal = Journal of the Craigavon Historical Society | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027222537/https://www.craigavonhistoricalsociety.org.uk/rev/mccorryloughgullion.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | via = Craigavon Historical Society}}</ref> <ref name=craigavon>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Natural Heritage | url = http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220030652/http://www.craigavon.gov.uk/tourism/45-attractions/101-natural-heritage.html#lough | archive-date = 20 February 2015 | work = craigavon.gov.uk}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullion, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ard Mhacha]] {{síol-tír-ie}} 5y9ls9vla7qb9b56pyz6e6sup5v6vno Cloonagh Lough 0 120143 1272936 2025-07-06T21:15:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki 1272936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Cloonagh Lough,'''''<ref name=EPA/> suite i n-iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}} i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá '' Cloonagh Lough '' tuairim is {{convert|12|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}}. == Stair an dúlra == Tá bruach thuaidh an locha lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Portach Dhoire an Fhia.<ref name=NPWS/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=NPWS>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000604.pdf | teideal = Derrinea Bog SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Márta 2016}}</ref> }} [[Category:Lakes of County Roscommon|Cloonagh]] k49p68lur1s2jrsioyft858dic6zqcf Plé úsáideora:Jacobí 3 120144 1272940 2025-07-06T22:07:47Z MemicznyJanusz 42900 Bhog MemicznyJanusz an leathanach [[Plé úsáideora:Jacobí]] go [[Plé úsáideora:DianaLluna]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jacobí|Jacobí]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/DianaLluna|DianaLluna]]" 1272940 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Plé úsáideora:DianaLluna]] 27r5gxrszd2bmqsynb5esulb3secx3u Lough Island Reavy 0 120145 1272943 2025-07-06T22:25:33Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol) 1272943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch beag saorga é ''''' Lough Island Reavy,''''' suite gar de {{h|Cill Chua}}, [[Contae an Dúin]]. Is láthair iascaireachta é an loch,<ref name=daera /> faoi bhainistiú tráth amháin [[Kilcoo Angling Club]]. I measc na n-iasc sa loch, tá [[liús]] agus [[péirse]], chomh maith le líonta beaga [[breac donn|bric dhoinn]] agus [[eascann|eascainne]] fiáin. == Gailearaí == <gallery> 2004_0904Image0111_wiki.jpg | Luí na gréine thar an loch WINTER_08-09_208_wiki.jpg | Bhí Lough Island Reavy reoite le linn Eanáir 2010 </gallery> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=daera>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2023-01-06 | teideal = Management of Fishing Rights at Lough Island Reavy | url = https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/management-fishing-rights-lough-island-reavy-public-angling-estate-closed | access-date=2024-02-13 | work = DAERA | language = en}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Island Reavy, Lough}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Dúin]] {{síol-tír-ie}} pt89fl5rn7b9cgvjrsizcvmtjly8ncp Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann 0 120146 1272952 2025-07-06T23:15:48Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le 'Seoladh '''Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann''' (MASÉ) ar an 27 Meitheamh 2022,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://virtualtreasury.ie/backend/flipbooking/vrti-101-brochure/5/|teideal=Deep History, Deepening Collaborations|work=virtualtreasury.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}</ref> tionscadal faoi stiúir [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na Tríonóide]] agus cuid de ''Tionscadal Éireann 2040''.<ref>straitéis uileghabhálach fhadtéarma...' 1272952 wikitext text/x-wiki Seoladh '''Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann''' (MASÉ) ar an 27 Meitheamh 2022,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://virtualtreasury.ie/backend/flipbooking/vrti-101-brochure/5/|teideal=Deep History, Deepening Collaborations|work=virtualtreasury.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}</ref> tionscadal faoi stiúir [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na Tríonóide]] agus cuid de ''Tionscadal Éireann 2040''.<ref>straitéis uileghabhálach fhadtéarmach an rialtais chun go mbeidh Éirinn níos fearr do mhuintir na tíre ar fad</ref> Ar an 27 Meitheamh 1922 chuaigh na [[Na Ceithre Cúirteanna|Ceithre Cúirteanna]] i mBaile Átha Cliath trí thine. Scriosadh Oifig na dTaifead Poiblí, mar aon le hábhar seacht gcéad bliain de cháipéisí staire.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22115507-tus-aite-maoinchiste-annala-samhalta-na-heireann/|language=ga-IE|author=Tús Áite: RnaG|date=2022}}</ref> Chun na bailiúcháin a loisceadh a athchruthú ar bhonn digiteach, tháinig lucht staire, ríomhaireachta, cartlannaíochta agus leabharlannaíochta le chéile == Na hAnnála == Sa bhliain 2025 bhí níos mó ná 350,000 cáipéis ar fáil ann. Is féidir cuardach a dhéanamh ar fud 250 milliún focal d’ábhar maidir le stair na hÉireann. Le linn na 2020idí, bhí 75 foras cuimhne ar fud oileán na hÉireann agus an domhain ar fad ag cur íomhánna digiteacha ar fáil de cháipéisí ionaid — trascríbhinní agus cóipeanna — don chartlann ar líne. Áirítear orthu sin na príomhpháirtnéirí: An Chartlann Náisiúnta (NAI), Oifig Taifead Poiblí Thuaisceart Éireann (PRONI), The National Archives (TNA) sa Ríocht Aontaithe, Coimisiún Lámhscríbhinní na hÉireann (IMC) agus Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tcd.ie/news_events/articles/2025/175000-taifead-stairiuil-nua-eisithe-ag-maoinchiste-annala-samhalta-na-heireann/|teideal=175,000 taifead stairiúil nua eisithe ag Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann|údar=Trinity College Dublin|language=en|work=www.tcd.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cartlanna Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cartlanna]] [[Catagóir:Stair na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]] fvf29v39x5epsoi3huw3kxf2ot554ko 1272953 1272952 2025-07-06T23:16:03Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Annála Samhalta]] go [[Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann]] 1272952 wikitext text/x-wiki Seoladh '''Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann''' (MASÉ) ar an 27 Meitheamh 2022,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://virtualtreasury.ie/backend/flipbooking/vrti-101-brochure/5/|teideal=Deep History, Deepening Collaborations|work=virtualtreasury.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}</ref> tionscadal faoi stiúir [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na Tríonóide]] agus cuid de ''Tionscadal Éireann 2040''.<ref>straitéis uileghabhálach fhadtéarmach an rialtais chun go mbeidh Éirinn níos fearr do mhuintir na tíre ar fad</ref> Ar an 27 Meitheamh 1922 chuaigh na [[Na Ceithre Cúirteanna|Ceithre Cúirteanna]] i mBaile Átha Cliath trí thine. Scriosadh Oifig na dTaifead Poiblí, mar aon le hábhar seacht gcéad bliain de cháipéisí staire.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22115507-tus-aite-maoinchiste-annala-samhalta-na-heireann/|language=ga-IE|author=Tús Áite: RnaG|date=2022}}</ref> Chun na bailiúcháin a loisceadh a athchruthú ar bhonn digiteach, tháinig lucht staire, ríomhaireachta, cartlannaíochta agus leabharlannaíochta le chéile == Na hAnnála == Sa bhliain 2025 bhí níos mó ná 350,000 cáipéis ar fáil ann. Is féidir cuardach a dhéanamh ar fud 250 milliún focal d’ábhar maidir le stair na hÉireann. Le linn na 2020idí, bhí 75 foras cuimhne ar fud oileán na hÉireann agus an domhain ar fad ag cur íomhánna digiteacha ar fáil de cháipéisí ionaid — trascríbhinní agus cóipeanna — don chartlann ar líne. Áirítear orthu sin na príomhpháirtnéirí: An Chartlann Náisiúnta (NAI), Oifig Taifead Poiblí Thuaisceart Éireann (PRONI), The National Archives (TNA) sa Ríocht Aontaithe, Coimisiún Lámhscríbhinní na hÉireann (IMC) agus Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tcd.ie/news_events/articles/2025/175000-taifead-stairiuil-nua-eisithe-ag-maoinchiste-annala-samhalta-na-heireann/|teideal=175,000 taifead stairiúil nua eisithe ag Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann|údar=Trinity College Dublin|language=en|work=www.tcd.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cartlanna Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cartlanna]] [[Catagóir:Stair na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]] fvf29v39x5epsoi3huw3kxf2ot554ko Annála Samhalta 0 120147 1272954 2025-07-06T23:16:04Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Annála Samhalta]] go [[Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann]] 1272954 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Maoinchiste Annála Samhalta na hÉireann]] e7cr6c0ophvqn6oumv8l6ftfuqofqck Lochanna Chill Airne 0 120148 1272959 2025-07-07T07:44:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (tuilleadh le haistriú) 1272959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht == Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] <!-- le haistriú '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. --> == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] <!-- le haistriú '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> --> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] <!-- le haistriú '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> --> == Béaloideas == De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí == [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] jnq65tfcxjf16x2iaa4stmtwc9we8yj 1272962 1272959 2025-07-07T07:57:53Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* An Loch Uachtarach */An Loch Uachtarach 1272962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht == Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] <!-- le haistriú '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. --> == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] <!-- le haistriú '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name=readersnatural /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> --> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] Is é An Loch Uachtarach an loch is lú den trí loch. Idir é agus Loch Mhucrois tá is sruthán lúbach tuairim is {{convert|4|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad.<ref name=readersnatural /> == Béaloideas == De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí == [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] f3imym57otdshq5xievqqrhxop0nws0 1272965 1272962 2025-07-07T08:06:48Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Mhucrois */Loch Mhucrois 1272965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht == Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] <!-- le haistriú '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains an loch to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. --> == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb| Radharc ar Loch Mhucrois ó Droichead an Bhricín]] Aitheanta fosta mar An Loch Lárnach nó Loch an Toirc, tá Loch Mhucrois suite díreach ó dheas de Loch Léin.<ref name=ballantyne /> Tá eatarthu leithinis beag, agus Droichead áirseach chloiche an Bhricín ag dul trasna air.<ref name=readersnatural /> Is é an loch is doimhne na hÉireann, huasdomhain {{convert|75|m|ft}} aige.<ref name=foran /> Tá [[fánaíocht]] pábháilte tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad timpeall an locha.<ref name=":0" /> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] Is é An Loch Uachtarach an loch is lú den trí loch. Idir é agus Loch Mhucrois tá is sruthán lúbach tuairim is {{convert|4|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad.<ref name=readersnatural /> == Béaloideas == De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí == [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 3u17vkrbj2anqqgtrihdehrzg10qnsk 1272968 1272965 2025-07-07T08:10:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Léin */Loch Léin I 1272968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht == Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] Is Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes /> an loch is mó, agus an ceann is faide ó thuaidh, le hachar {{convert|19|km2|acre}} aige.<ref name=park2 /> Sreabhann [[An Leamhain]] as an loch siar ó thuaidh, i dtreo {{h|Cill Orglan}} agus i m[[Bá an Daingin]] isteach. <!-- le haistriú '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. --> == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb| Radharc ar Loch Mhucrois ó Droichead an Bhricín]] Aitheanta fosta mar An Loch Lárnach nó Loch an Toirc, tá Loch Mhucrois suite díreach ó dheas de Loch Léin.<ref name=ballantyne /> Tá eatarthu leithinis beag, agus Droichead áirseach chloiche an Bhricín ag dul trasna air.<ref name=readersnatural /> Is é an loch is doimhne na hÉireann, huasdomhain {{convert|75|m|ft}} aige.<ref name=foran /> Tá [[fánaíocht]] pábháilte tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad timpeall an locha.<ref name=":0" /> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] Is é An Loch Uachtarach an loch is lú den trí loch. Idir é agus Loch Mhucrois tá is sruthán lúbach tuairim is {{convert|4|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad.<ref name=readersnatural /> == Béaloideas == De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí == [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] g29eghsl6dpdmsoz2adiy61hyw4vxkc 1272969 1272968 2025-07-07T08:12:02Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */Tagairt sean 1272969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] gar de {{h|Cill Airne}} féin, [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. Tá trí loch ann: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Timpeallacht == Tá na lochanna suite i ngleann íseal ach {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} thar [[leibhéal na mara]],<ref name=readersnatural /> leis [[Na Cruacha Dubha]] ar gach taobh, san áireamh. [[Corrán Tuathail]] (an sliabh is airde i nÉirinn), [[An Sliabh Corcra]], [[An Mhangarta]] agus [[Sliabh Torc]]. Ar an mbóthar [[N71]] idir Chill Airne agus [[an Neidín]] tá a ionad amhairc darb ainm ''[[Ladies View]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin == {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] Is Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes /> an loch is mó, agus an ceann is faide ó thuaidh, le hachar {{convert|19|km2|acre}} aige.<ref name=park2 /> Sreabhann [[An Leamhain]] as an loch siar ó thuaidh, i dtreo {{h|Cill Orglan}} agus i m[[Bá an Daingin]] isteach. <!-- le haistriú '' Loch Léin is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Mainistir Inis Faithlinn.<ref name=readersnatural /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. --> == Loch Mhucrois == {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb| Radharc ar Loch Mhucrois ó Droichead an Bhricín]] Aitheanta fosta mar An Loch Lárnach nó Loch an Toirc, tá Loch Mhucrois suite díreach ó dheas de Loch Léin.<ref name=ballantyne /> Tá eatarthu leithinis beag, agus Droichead áirseach chloiche an Bhricín ag dul trasna air.<ref name=readersnatural /> Is é an loch is doimhne na hÉireann, huasdomhain {{convert|75|m|ft}} aige.<ref name=foran /> Tá [[fánaíocht]] pábháilte tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad timpeall an locha.<ref name=":0" /> == An Loch Uachtarach == {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] Is é An Loch Uachtarach an loch is lú den trí loch. Idir é agus Loch Mhucrois tá is sruthán lúbach tuairim is {{convert|4|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad.<ref name=readersnatural /> == Béaloideas == De réir béaloidis, bhí Cáit Ní Chearnaigh ar tóir taoiseach faoi gheasa Ó Donnchadha, agus gur éag sí ar míre. Feictear Cáit i ndán le [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s in éineacht le '' The Upper Lake of Killarney '' le [[William Henry Bartlett]];<ref name=landon /> agus i ndán le Landon, '' Kate is Craz'd,'' in éineacht le pictiúr le [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> Ní hionann an bhean seo agus a té a bhíodh bialann aici in ''Kate Kearney's Cottage'' ag [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí == [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|Caisleán an Rois ag Loch Léin]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|Droichead an Bhricín, áit a thagann Loch Léin agus Loch Mhucrois Lake le chéile]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|An radharc ó ''Ladies' View'']] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|Léarscáil na Lochanna maisithe ag an ealaíontóir Francach, [[Alphonse Dousseau]], idir 1830 agus 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb| Grianghraf den Loch Uachtar foilsithe ag [[Fergus O'Connor]] c. 1920, le clampar thíos ar dheis]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]'' * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND Cartlanna na Lochanna], Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist|refs = <ref name=readersnatural>{{cite book | title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite book | qurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm | teideal = The Lakes | údar = Dúchas | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-15 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{lua idirlín | url = http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm | teideal = Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24 | url-status = bot: unknown | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <!--ref name=Living>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | teideal = Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland | work = The Department of the Environment and Local Government | dátarochtana = 2007-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | url-status = dead}}</ref--> <ref name="Brad146">Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}, ll. 142-146</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | sloinne = Enterprise | ainm = Foran | work =www.gleannfia.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book | last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] pygyussn89mgr38ue757u0hj5przonx