Wikipedia gotwiki https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 Wikipedia 𐌸𐌹𐍃 Wikipedia 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 MediaWiki MediaWiki talk 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5838 49678 49670 2026-08-15T12:57:44Z Eiliv 10999 49678 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Ainu map.svg|thumb]] '''𐌰𐌾𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰''' 𐌹̈𐍃𐍄 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌹̈𐌽 [[𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌹̈𐌳𐍉|𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌹̈𐌳𐍉𐌽]] 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽]]. [[category:𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃]] kolgp33slw39t8fxvta983gnr4bjr2z 49679 49678 2026-08-15T12:58:33Z Eiliv 10999 49679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Ainu map.svg|thumb]] '''𐌰𐌾𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰''' 𐌹̈𐍃𐍄 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌹̈𐌽 [[𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌹̈𐌳𐍉|𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌹̈𐌳𐍉𐌽]] 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽|𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌰]]. [[category:𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃]] ish2ipmxldcuv74ys3syhra318arp4m 0 7847 49680 46713 2026-08-15T13:00:09Z Eiliv 10999 49680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Tokyo Montage 2015.jpg|thumb|𐍄𐍉𐌺𐌾𐍉]] [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Flag of Tokyo Metropolis.svg|thumb]] '''𐍄𐍉𐌺𐌾𐍉''' ([[𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌾𐌰.]]: 東京) 𐌹𐍃𐍄 [[𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃]] 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 [[𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽|𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃]]. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽]] 94mv03mh8sitvhor2wgr957ccmn3ez7 2 9217 49681 49671 2026-08-15T15:56:49Z Eiliv 10999 49681 wikitext text/x-wiki An attempt to catalogue the Gothic form of various foreign names, both potential ones and those already in use. For the names of people, Gothic might benefit from doing the same as Latvian (and partially Latin), where they add the native nominative ending to the name. A name like Charlie is not simply ''Čārli'' in Latvian, but ''Čārlij<u>s</u>''. That way, the strict system of native words and names can be applied to the foreign one. The same rule applies to feminine names in Latvian, however in that case, with an added ''-a'' or ''-e'' suffix. The surname of Charlie Chaplin’s mother is then ''Čaplina''. While Gothic does have a few borrowed names that don’t fit within the native morphology, these are usually Biblical names from Ancient Greek where they don’t follow Greek morphology either. In cases where the foreign name is Germanic, it might be easy to simply translate it. E.g. 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 for ''Richard'', instead of a semi-transcription like 𐍂𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃. ==Names of people== * Abe Shinzō → 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌶𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌴𐍃 (Sindzus Abēs) or 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌴𐍃 (Sindzōs Abēs). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. * Angela Merkel → 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍉 (Aggaíla Maírkilō). Transcription and partial translation of the surname, where the German diminutive ''-(e)l'' is replaced by Gothic ''-ilō''. * Charlie Chaplin → 𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃 (Tsarleis Tsaplins). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. ⟨ts⟩ is used for the /tʃ/ sound, as there is no such affricate in Gothic. Cf. Greek, where this and similar sounds are transcribed as ⟨ts⟩. * Dolly Rebecca Parton → 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰 𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (Daúlei Ribaíka Partōna). Transcription with added feminine morphology, cf. Latvian ''Pārtone'' where ''-e'' is a feminine ending added to both native and foreign surnames. * Donald John Trump → 𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍀𐍃. Transcription based on the way Germanic languages tend to acquire the name, cf. Donald Duck. Added m. nominative suffix. * Elvis Presley → 𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Aílbeis Praísleis). Transcription with added masculine nominative suffix. * ኃይለ ሥላሴ (Ḫäylä Śəllase), Haile Selassie → 𐌷𐌰𐌾𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌴𐍃. Transcription based on original Amharic with added masculine morphemes. * Harald V of Norway → 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 ·𐌴· 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (Harjawalds ·e· Naúrþrawigis). Translation. * Håkon of Norway (crown prince) → 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (Háuhakuns Naúrþrawigis), alternatively 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐍃 (Hanhakuns). Translation, however the origin is debated. ''Håkon'' (Old Norse ''Hákon'') may either come from ''*hauhaz'' (high) or ''*hanhaz'' (horse). The latter element is from ''*kuniz'' (kin; descendant, son), or a derivation of ''*kunją'' (kin). * Ishii Takeo (Takeo Ischi) → 𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Takaius Iseis) or 𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌴𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Takēōs Iseis). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. ⟨s⟩ is used for the /ʃ/ sound, as there is no such fricative in Gothic. Cf. Greek, where this and similar sounds are transcribed as ⟨s⟩. * Jens Stoltenberg → 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍃 (Iōhannēs Stultabaírgs). Translation. * Leonardo da Vinci → 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰 (Laíwahardus fram Wintsja). Translation and transcription with adaptation to Gothic phonology and morphology (''Vinci'' → ''Wintsi'', dat. ''Winsja''). ⟨w⟩ due to its 1:1 relation to Latin (and thus Italian) ⟨v⟩. * Владимир Владимирович Путин, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin → 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐍀𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (Waldamērs Waldamēris sunus Puteins). Translation of first names, transcription of family name with added m. nominative suffix. * Володимир Олександрович Зеленський, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy → 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌶𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Waldamērs Alaiksandraus sunus Zailainskeis). Translation of first names, transcription of family name with added m. nominative suffix. ==Names of places== * Berlin → 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (Baírlein) ''n''. Transcription. * Brasil, Brazil → 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (Brazeilja) ''f''. Adaptation based on Brazilian Portuguese ''Brasil'' [bɾaˈziʊ̯] and Latin ''Brasilia'', as well as a few other languages that use the same name for the capital (Brasília) and the country. * Carolina → 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 (Karaúleina) ''f''. Transcription based on spelling, as well as other languages where native pronunciations are favoured above {{IPA|/ˌkæɹəˈlaɪnə/}}. An actual translation might however be ''Karileina'', from the feminine of ''karileins'' (of or pertaining to Karils), equivalent of Lat. ''carolīnus''. This would seem somewhat strange though, as it would suggest other similar translations, like German ''*Karlene'' or Icelandic ''Karlin''. * Česká republika, Czech Republic → 𐌱𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (Bajaháims) ''m''. Translation, based on the old Germanic name for the region Čechy, ''*Bajahaimaz'', which have also given rise to German ''Böhmen'' and English ''Bohemia''. * Göteborg, Gothenburg → 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 (Gáutabaúrgs) ''f''. Translation. * México, Mēxihco, Mexico → 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌹𐌺𐍉 (Maíksikō) ''f''. Transcription of the common pronunciation with {{IPA|/ks/}}, seen across the majority of languages. Otherwise 𐌼𐌴𐍃𐌹𐌷𐌺𐍉 (Mēsihkō) or 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍇𐌹𐌺𐍉 (Maíxikō) after the Nahuatl and Spanish pronunciations. * Noreg, Norway → 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (Naúrþrawigs) ''m''. Translation based on various old forms in other languages, such as Old English ''Norðweg''. However, the Norwegian form has never been attested with the expected ''-ð-'' (''*Norðvegr''), and there are theories of it coming from ''Nórvegr'' instead (long {{IPA|/o:/}} is attested), from PGer. ''*nōrą'', thus suggesting Proto Norse ''*Nōrawegaʀ'' and Gothic 𐌽𐍉𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (Nōrawigs). * Oslo → 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰 (Ansuláuha) ''f''. Translation based on Proto-Norse ''*Ansulauhu'', from ''*ansuz'' and ''*lauhō'' (alt. form of ''*lauhaz''). For more Norwegian names, see [[𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃:Eiliv/Norwegian place names|Norwegian place names]]. * Paris → 𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Pareis) ''m''. Transcription with some adaptation due to the similarity with native ja-stems nouns. For the long vowel, compare German ''Pareis'' and Dutch ''Parijs''. * Stockholm → 𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌼𐍃 (Stukkahulms) ''m''. Translation. * Venezuela → 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌻𐌰 (Baínaíswēla) ''f''. Transcription of the local Venezuelan Spanish pronunciation {{IPA|[be.neˈswe.la]}}. * Virginia → 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰 (Birgeinja) ''f''. Transcription with some adaptations. Alternatively 𐍅𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰 (Wirgeinja) due to the 1:1 relationship between Latin {{IPA|/v/}} and Gothic {{IPA|/w/}}. drq8ej9b57dgvq8z3hw3r600wi76055 49682 49681 2026-08-16T00:14:03Z Eiliv 10999 49682 wikitext text/x-wiki An attempt to catalogue the Gothic form of various foreign names, both potential ones and those already in use. For the names of people, Gothic might benefit from doing the same as Latvian (and partially Latin), where they add the native nominative ending to the name. A name like Charlie is not simply ''Čārli'' in Latvian, but ''Čārlij<u>s</u>''. That way, the strict system of native words and names can be applied to the foreign one. The same rule applies to feminine names in Latvian, however in that case, with an added ''-a'' or ''-e'' suffix. The surname of Charlie Chaplin’s mother is then ''Čaplina''. While Gothic does have a few borrowed names that don’t fit within the native morphology, these are usually Biblical names from Ancient Greek where they don’t follow Greek morphology either. In cases where the foreign name is Germanic, it might be easy to simply translate it. E.g. 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 for ''Richard'', instead of a semi-transcription like 𐍂𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃. ==Names of people== * Abe Shinzō → 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌶𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌴𐍃 (Sindzus Abēs) or 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌴𐍃 (Sindzōs Abēs). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. * Angela Merkel → 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍉 (Aggaíla Maírkilō). Transcription and partial translation of the surname, where the German diminutive ''-(e)l'' is replaced by Gothic ''-ilō''. * Charlie Chaplin → 𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃 (Tsarleis Tsaplins). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. ⟨ts⟩ is used for the /tʃ/ sound, as there is no such affricate in Gothic. Cf. Greek, where this and similar sounds are transcribed as ⟨ts⟩. * Dolly Rebecca Parton → 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰 𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (Daúlei Ribaíka Partōna). Transcription with added feminine morphology, cf. Latvian ''Pārtone'' where ''-e'' is a feminine ending added to both native and foreign surnames. * Donald John Trump → 𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍀𐍃. Transcription based on the way Germanic languages tend to acquire the name, cf. Donald Duck. Added m. nominative suffix. * Elvis Presley → 𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Aílbeis Praísleis). Transcription with added masculine nominative suffix. * Harald V of Norway → 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 ·𐌴· 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (Harjawalds ·e· Naúrþrawigis). Translation. * Håkon of Norway (crown prince) → 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (Háuhakuns Naúrþrawigis), alternatively 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐍃 (Hanhakuns). Translation, however the origin is debated. ''Håkon'' (Old Norse ''Hákon'') may either come from ''*hauhaz'' (high) or ''*hanhaz'' (horse). The latter element is from ''*kuniz'' (kin; descendant, son), or a derivation of ''*kunją'' (kin). * Ishii Takeo (Takeo Ischi) → 𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Takaius Iseis) or 𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌴𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Takēōs Iseis). Transcription with added m. nominative suffix. ⟨s⟩ is used for the /ʃ/ sound, as there is no such fricative in Gothic. Cf. Greek, where this and similar sounds are transcribed as ⟨s⟩. * Jens Stoltenberg → 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍃 (Iōhannēs Stultabaírgs). Translation. * Leonardo da Vinci → 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰 (Laíwahardus fram Wintsja). Translation and transcription with adaptation to Gothic phonology and morphology (''Vinci'' → ''Wintsi'', dat. ''Winsja''). ⟨w⟩ due to its 1:1 relation to Latin (and thus Italian) ⟨v⟩. * Recep Tayyip Erdoğan → 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 𐍄𐌰𐌾𐌹𐍀𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (Raídzaíps Tajips Aírdaúgans). Transcription. Surname alternatively 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (Aírdaúan) for more precise pronunciation, but it is uncommon in other languages to drop the ⟨g⟩. * Владимир Владимирович Путин, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin → 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐍀𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (Waldamērs Waldamēris sunus Puteins). Translation of first names, transcription of family name with added m. nominative suffix. * Володимир Олександрович Зеленський, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy → 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌶𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Waldamērs Alaiksandraus sunus Zailainskeis). Translation of first names, transcription of family name with added m. nominative suffix. * Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev → 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌴𐌹𐌻𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (Mikaeils Sirgaíjis sunus Gaúrbatsaúfs). Transcription and partial translation. First name alternatively 𐌼𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌴𐌹𐌻𐍃 (Mixaeils) or 𐌼𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌴𐌹𐌻𐍃 (Mihaeils). * ኃይለ ሥላሴ (Ḫäylä Śəllase), Haile Selassie → 𐌷𐌰𐌾𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌴𐍃. Transcription based on original Amharic with added masculine morphemes. ==Names of places== * Berlin → 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (Baírlein) ''n''. Transcription. * Brasil, Brazil → 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (Brazeilja) ''f''. Adaptation based on Brazilian Portuguese ''Brasil'' [bɾaˈziʊ̯] and Latin ''Brasilia'', as well as a few other languages that use the same name for the capital (Brasília) and the country. * Carolina → 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 (Karaúleina) ''f''. Transcription based on spelling, as well as other languages where native pronunciations are favoured above {{IPA|/ˌkæɹəˈlaɪnə/}}. An actual translation might however be ''Karileina'', from the feminine of ''karileins'' (of or pertaining to Karils), equivalent of Lat. ''carolīnus''. This would seem somewhat strange though, as it would suggest other similar translations, like German ''*Karlene'' or Icelandic ''*Karlin''. * Česká republika, Czech Republic → 𐌱𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (Bajaháims) ''m''. Translation, based on the old Germanic name for the region Čechy, ''*Bajahaimaz'', which have also given rise to German ''Böhmen'' and English ''Bohemia''. * Føroyar, Faroe Islands → 𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (Fahisáujōs) ''f pl''. Translation, based on PGer. ''*fahaz'' and ''*awjō''. 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (áuja) may have been a word in Gothic, although unattested, but 𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌹𐍃 (fahis) is more uncertain. The form, however, is likely to have become this, based on other neuter z-stems like PGer. ''*rekwaz'' and ''*agaz'' → 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 (riqis) and 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis). * Göteborg, Gothenburg → 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 (Gáutabaúrgs) ''f''. Translation. * Latvija, Latvia → 𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 (Lataland) ''n''. Semi-translation or adaptation of the native name, inspired by other Germanic names such as ''Lettland'', however without the i-umlaut. ''Latvija'' itself might come derive from ''*Latuva'', from the river name ''*Lata'' + ''-uva'' (region). This gave rise to the demonym ''latvis'', and from that ''Latvija''. * México, Mēxihco, Mexico → 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌹𐌺𐍉 (Maíksikō) ''f''. Transcription of the common pronunciation with {{IPA|/ks/}}, seen across the majority of languages. Otherwise 𐌼𐌴𐍃𐌹𐌷𐌺𐍉 (Mēsihkō) or 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍇𐌹𐌺𐍉 (Maíxikō) after the Nahuatl and Spanish pronunciations. * Noreg, Norway → 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (Naúrþrawigs) ''m''. Translation based on various old forms in other languages, such as Old English ''Norðweg''. However, the Norwegian form has never been attested with the expected ''-ð-'' (''*Norðvegr''), and there are theories of it coming from ''Nórvegr'' instead (long {{IPA|/o:/}} is attested), from PGer. ''*nōrą'' (narrow strait or inlet), thus suggesting Proto Norse ''*Nōrawegaʀ'' and Gothic 𐌽𐍉𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (Nōrawigs). * Oslo → 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰 (Ansuláuha) ''f''. Translation based on Proto-Norse ''*Ansulauhu'', from ''*ansuz'' and ''*lauhō'' (alt. form of ''*lauhaz''). For more Norwegian names, see [[𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃:Eiliv/Norwegian place names|Norwegian place names]]. * Paris → 𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (Pareis) ''m''. Transcription with some adaptation due to the similarity with native ja-stems nouns. For the long vowel, compare German ''Pareis'' and Dutch ''Parijs''. * Stockholm → 𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌼𐍃 (Stukkahulms) ''m''. Translation. * Venezuela → 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌻𐌰 (Baínaíswēla) ''f''. Transcription of the local Venezuelan Spanish pronunciation {{IPA|[be.neˈswe.la]}}. * Virginia → 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰 (Birgeinja) ''f''. Transcription with some adaptations. Alternatively 𐍅𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰 (Wirgeinja) due to the 1:1 relationship between Latin {{IPA|/v/}} and Gothic {{IPA|/w/}}. dbxpg360zpv441y358lo6ukkc82wvgu 2 9234 49683 2026-08-16T01:06:41Z Fallnlprophet 23365 Created page with "He i05.gov" 49683 wikitext text/x-wiki He i05.gov olboe80tlfnj04eoaoyn395rusbbuos