Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Fula people 0 5560 70193 56068 2025-07-10T17:45:54Z 197.211.63.29 70193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Fula''', '''Fulani''', anaa '''Fulɓe people''' be ethnic group insyd Sahara, Sahel den [[West Africa]], dem widely disperse across de region.<ref>Richard M. Juang (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&pg=PA492 Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History]''. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-441-7|978-1-85109-441-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Dem dey inhabit chaw countries, dem dey live mainly insyd West Africa den northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, den regions near de Red Sea coast insyd [[Sudan]]. De approximate number of Fula people be unknown, due to clashing definitions wey dey regard Fula ethnicity. Various estimates dey put de figure between 45<ref>Felicity Crowe (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=n4Eye4ilLVkC&pg=PA262 Modern Muslim Societies]''. Marshall Cavendish. p. 262. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7927-7|978-0-7614-7927-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Steven L. Danver (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues]''. Routledge. pp. 31–32. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-317-46400-6|978-1-317-46400-6]]</bdi>.</ref> den 65 million people worldwide.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211124020817/https://homepage.univie.ac.at/martina.gajdos/Fulbe.html "Fulbe"]. ''homepage.univie.ac.at'' (insyd German). Archived from [https://homepage.univie.ac.at/martina.gajdos/Fulbe.html the original] on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref> Significant proportion of de Fula–third, anaa dem estimate 7 to 10 million<ref>David Levinson (1996). "Fulani". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDMrQEACAAJ Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9]''. Gale Group. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1808-3|978-0-8161-1808-3]]</bdi>.</ref>–be pastoralists, wey dema ethnic group get de largest nomadic pastoral community for de world insyd.<ref>Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC Encyclopedia of Africa]''. Oxford University Press. p. 495. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9|978-0-19-533770-9]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":0">David Levinson (1996). "Fulani". [https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDMrQEACAAJ ''Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9''. Gale Group]. ISBN 978-0-8161-1808-3., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani —Fulbe Laddi— who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice.</ref> De majority of de Fula ethnic group consist of semi-sedentary people,<ref name=":0" /> as well as sedentary settled farmers, scholars, artisans, merchants, den nobility.<ref>Christopher R. DeCorse (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Fcr1HSZXNgC&pg=PA172 West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives]''. Bloomsburg Academic. pp. 172–174. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-0247-8|978-0-7185-0247-8]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC Encyclopedia of Africa]''. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–496. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9|978-0-19-533770-9]]</bdi>.</ref> As ethnic group, dem bound dem togeda by de Fula language, dema history<ref>Richard M. Juang (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC&pg=PA492 Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History]''. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-441-7|978-1-85109-441-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe (1996). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HnwGNU6uoBQC Fulani]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 9–17. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-1982-6|978-0-8239-1982-6]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>D Group (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ISAuAgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of African Peoples]''. Routledge. pp. 85–88. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-135-96334-7|978-1-135-96334-7]]</bdi>.</ref> den dema culture. De Fula be almost completely Muslims though tiny majority be Christians anaa even animists.<ref>[https://www.everyculture.com/Africa-Middle-East/Fulani-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html "Religion and expressive culture – Fulani"]. ''www.everyculture.com''. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fulani "Fulani | people"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2020-10-27.</ref> Chaw West African leaders be of Fulani descent, wey dey include de former Presido of [[Nigeria]], Muhammadu Buhari; de first presido of [[Cameroon]] Ahmadou Ahidjo; de former Presido of [[Senegal]], Macky Sall; de Presido of [[The Gambia|Gambia]], Adama Barrow; de Presido of [[Guinea-Bissau]], Umaro Sissoco Embaló; de Vice Pee of [[Sierra Leone]], Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh; de Prime Minister of [[Mali]], Boubou Cisse den de Wifey of Vice Pee of [[Ghana]] Samira Bawumia. Dem sanso dey occupy positions for major international institutions insyd, such as de Deputy Secretary-General of de United Nations, Amina J. Mohammed; de 74th Presido of de United Nations General Assembly, Tijjani Muhammad-Bande; den de Secretary-General of OPEC, Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo. == Geographic distribution == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="12" |'''Main Fulani sub-groups, national den subnational locations, cluster group den dialectal variety''' |- |'''Fulbe Adamawa''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢''' | * Nigeria: Adamawa State, Taraba State, Borno State, Yobe State * Cameroon: Adamaoua Region, Northern Region, Far North Region, Centre Region * [[Chad]]: Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region, Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental Etc. * [[Central African Republic]]: Nana-Mambéré, Ouham-Pendé, Mambéré-Kadéï * Sudan | rowspan="2" |Fulfulde Adamawa (Fombinaare) | rowspan="5" |Eastern |- |'''Fulbe Bagirmi''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤺𞤭𞤪𞤥𞤭''' | * Central African Republic * Chad: Chari Bagirmi Region, Mandoul Region, Moyen Chari |- |'''Fulbe Sokoto''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤅𞤮𞤳𞤮𞤼𞤮''' | * Nigeria: Sokoto State, Kebbi State, Katsina State, Kano State, Zamfara State, Jigawa State, Niger State, Kwara State * [[Niger]]: Tahoua Region, Maradi Region, Dosso Region, Zinder Region |Fulfulde Sokoto (Woylaare) |- |'''Fulbe Gombe''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤮𞤲'𞤦𞤫''' |Nigeria: Gombe State, Bauchi State, Yobe State, Borno State, Plateau State |Fulfulde Woylaare-Fombinaare transitional |- |'''Fulbe Mbororo''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤐'𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤮''' | * Nigeria: All across de northern, central den sam southern states of de country as transient herders * Cameroon: All over de country for 9 of de country ein 10 regions/provinces insyd as transient herders * Chad: All across southern den central Chad as herders * Central African Republic: Ubiquitous across de countryside * Niger: All across de country south of de Sahara as herders den nomads. Note say de Woɗaaɓe be dema bodies even smaller subgroup of de Mbororo'en. Thus: All Woɗaaɓe be Bororos, buh no be every Bororo be Boɗaaɗo (Woɗaaɓe person) * Sudan |Fulfulde Sokoto (Woylaare) & Adamawa (Fombinaare) |- |'''Fulbe Borgu''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵''' | * Nigeria: Niger State, Kebbi State, Kwara State * [[Benin]]: Borgou, Atakora, Alibori, Donga * [[Togo]]: Savanes Region, Kara Region, Centrale Region |Fulfulde Borgu & Jelgoore | rowspan="3" |Central |- |'''Fulbe Jelgooji''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤔𞤫𞤤𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭''' | * Mali * Niger: Tillabéri Region, Dosso Region * [[Burkina Faso]]: Sahel Region, Est Region, Centre-Nord Region, All across de country, most especially insyd de countryside |Fulfulde Jelgoore & (Massinakoore) |- |'''Fulbe Massina''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤧𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤢''' | * Mali: Mopti Region, Gao Region, Segou Region, All over De country * [[Ivory Coast]]: Mostly dem concentrate insyd de Northern regions * Ghana: insyd de northern den central regions |Fulfulde Massinakoore |- |'''Fulbe Nioro''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮''' | * Mali: Kayes Region, Koulikoro Region * Senegal: Tambacounda Region * [[Mauritania]]: Assaba Region |Pulaar – Fulfulde Fuua Tooro -Massinakoore transitional | rowspan="4" |Western |- |'''Fulbe Futa Jallon''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅''' | * [[Guinea]]: Labé Region, Mamou Region, Boké Region, Kindia Region, Faranah Region, Conakry, All across de country as traders den merchants * Guinea Bissau: Gabu Region, Tombali Region, Bafatá Region * Sierra Leone: North-West, Northern Province, Western Area, All across de country ein major urban centres as trading population * Mali: Extreme southwest of country insyd de Kéniéba Cercle |Pular Fuuta Jallon |- |'''Fulbe Futa Tooro''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮''' | * Senegal: Matam Region, Saint-Louis Region, Louga Region, Tambacounda Region, Kaffrine Region, All over de country * Mauritania: Trarza Region, Gorgol Region, Guidimaka Region, Brakna Region, Nouakchott |Pulaar Fuuta Tooro |- |'''Fulbe Fuladu''' '''𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤣𞤵''' | * Senegal: Kolda Region, Sédhiou Region, South of Tambacounda Region * Guinea Bissau: Gabu Region, Bafatá Region, Oio Region * Gambia All across de country |Pulaar – Pular Fuuta Tooro – Fuuta Jallon transitional |} == History == '''Timeline of Fulani history''' {| class="wikitable" !Time !Events |- |'''4th century''' |De Ghana Empire emerge insyd modern-day southeastern Mauritania den western Mali, as de first large-scale Sudano-Sahelian empire |- |'''5th century''' |De Ghana Empire cam turn de most important power insyd West Africa |- |'''5th century''' (?) |De Fulbe migrate southwards den Eastwards from present-day [[Morocco]] den Mauritania |- |'''9th century''' |Dem found Takrur for de lower Senegal River top (present-day Senegal) upon de influx of Fulani from de east den north dey settle insyd de Senegal River valley |- |'''11th century''' |Kingdoms of Tekruur den de Gao Empire flourish insyd West Africa due to gold trade |- |'''1042''' |Almoravids, Berber Muslims from southern Morocco den Mauritania, attack Takrur, after dem defeat de Sanhaja insyd 1039 |- |'''1050s''' |[[Islam]] gain strong foothold insyd West Africa |- |'''1050–1146''' |Almoravids take over Morocco, [[Algeria]], den part of al-Andalus; dem invade Ghana insyd 1076 den establish power der. |- |'''1062''' |Almoravids found capital for Marrakesh |- |'''1100''' |De Empire of Ghana start dey decline insyd influence den importance |- |'''1147''' |De Almohad Caliphate, rule by Berber Muslims dem oppose to de Almoravids, seize Marrakesh den go on make dem conquer Almoravid Spain, Algeria, den Tripoli |- |'''1150''' |Unprecedented resurgence of de Ghana Empire dey see am make e reach ein height, dey control vast areas of western Africa as well as Saharan trade routes insyd gold den salt |- |'''1200''' |Empire den dema bodies set out for road of conquest top, dem take ein capital Koumbi Saleh insyd 1203 |- |'''1235''' |Great warrior leader Sundiata Keita of de Mandinka people found de Mali Empire insyd present-day Mali, West Africa; e expand under ein rule |- |'''1240–1250''' |Mali absorb Ghana, Tekruur |- |'''1324''' |10th Emperor of Mali, Musa I of Mali dem regard as de richest individual for history dem record insyd, go for ein famous pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia. Ein procession report dey include 18,000 workers wey each carry 4 pounds (1.8 kg) gold bars, heralds dress insyd silks wey bore gold staffs, organize horses den handle bags. Musa provide all necessities give de procession, dey feed de entire company of men den animals. Insyd de train be 80 camels, wich dey vary reports dem claim dey carry between 50 den 300 pounds (23 den 136 kg) of gold dust each |- |'''1325''' |De Empire of Mali reach ein height of power, dey cover much of Northern West Africa. |- |'''1352''' |Ibn Battuta, Berber scholar, travel across Africa den wrep account of all he see |- |'''1462''' |Sonni Ali cam turn ruler of de Songhai people den go on build de Songhai Empire |- |'''1490''' |De Mali empire dey overshadow by de Songhai Empire |- |'''16th century''' |Songhai Empire enter period of massive expansion den power under Askia Mohammad I. Askia Mohammad strengthen ein country den make am de largest contiguous territory ever insyd West African history. For ein peak, de Empire encompass de Hausa states as far as Kano (insyd present-day Nigeria) den much of de territory belong to de Songhai empire insyd de west neighbouring Bornu Empire of de Kanuri |- |'''1515''' |De Songhai Empire reach ein zenith den pinnacle of power |- |'''1590''' |Dem defeat Songhai Empire by invading Moroccans from further North |- |'''1650''' |Another wave of Fulbe migrations see dem penetrate even further insyd de Southern Senegal den Fouta Jallon highlands of middle Guinea |- |'''1670''' |Fulani people gain control of Bhundu insyd Senegal plus Malick Sy, den de Sissibhe |- |'''1673''' |First unsuccessful Fulani jihad insyd de Fuuta Tooro |- |'''1808''' |Bornu successfully repel Fulani forces |- |'''1893''' |De French conquer de Fouta-Toro |- |'''1903''' |De British conquer de Sokoto Caliphate<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121122114622/http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=2&linksPage=219 "Time line"]. Jamtan. Archived from [http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=2&linksPage=219 the original] on 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2013-12-28.</ref> |} == References == <references /> ==== Notes ==== * Almanach de Bruxelles (now be site dem dey bia) * Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005): "[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fub Adamawa Fulfulde]". ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'', 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Accessed 25 June 2006. * Ndukwe, Pat I., Ph.D. (1996). ''Fulani''. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. * Christiane Seydou, (ed.) (1976). Bibliographie générale du monde peul. Niamey, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Humaines du Niger == Read further == * [https://unlocked.microsoft.com/adlam-can-an-alphabet-save-a-culture/ Can an Alphabet Save a Future?] – Story of the Barry brother's 30-year commitment to developing a native script and font, giving the Fulani people a digital footprint for a global community – published on Microsoft Unlocked * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071002090950/http://condor.depaul.edu/~mdelance/CameroonCultures/FulbeBibliography.html Prof. Mark D. DeLancey's Fulbe studies bibliography], accessed 25 March 2008. * Lam, Aboubacry-Moussa. (1993). De l'origine égyptienne des Peuls. Présence Africaine. * LONCKE, Sandrine Geerewol (1 September 2015) Musique, danse et lien social chez les Peuls nomades wodaabe du Niger ISBN 9782365190091 * Morel, E.D. (1902). ''[[iarchive:affairsofwestafr00more/page/n7/mode/2up|Affairs of West Africa]]''. London: William Heinemann., chapter XVI – The Fulani in West African History, pp. [[iarchive:affairsofwestafr00more/page/130/mode/2up|130]]–135; chapter XVII – Origins of the Fulani, pp. [[iarchive:affairsofwestafr00more/page/136/mode/2up|136]]–152. * Monembo, Tierno. (2004). Peuls. Editions Seuil. ==External links== Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to '''''[[commons:Category:Fula_people|Fula people]]'''''. Scholia get ''topic'' profile for '''''[[toolforge:scholia/topic/Q202575|Fula people]]'''''. * [http://www.mafindi.com fulfulde social learning network fulfulde Nigeria] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201125015607/http://www.mafindi.com/ Archived] 2020-11-25 at the Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215317/http://www.missionafrica.org.uk/ministries/14/engaging-the-nomadic-fulani-in-nigeria missionafrica.org.uk] * [http://www.webpulaaku.net/ Portal of Fulɓe history and culture] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416080123/http://www.peeral.com/ Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde] * [http://www.pulaagu.com/ Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde] * [http://www.pulaar.org/ Online magazine in Fulfulde] * [http://www.mafindi.com/words Online fulfulde Dictionary] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909193040/http://www.mafindi.com/words Archived] 2017-09-09 at the Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127122453/http://www.mbiimi.com/ Fulfulde online news site] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417004128/http://peeral.com/saggitorde/ l] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127122453/http://www.mbiimi.com/ Archived] 2021-01-27 at the Wayback Machine * [http://www.webfuuta.net/ Portal of Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo history and culture] *[http://www.ethnomusicologie.fr/wodaabe-loncke/index.html Geerewol], by Sandrine Loncke (Website about Woɗaaɓe ritual celebrations, with annotated music recordings and short videos featuring dance and ritual sequences. Supplement to the [http://www.lcdpu.fr/livre/?GCOI=27000100070850 book of the same author]) *Online musical archives dedicated to [http://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_001/ Fulɓe Jelgooɓe (Burkina Faso)] and [http://archives.crem-cnrs.fr/archives/corpus/CNRSMH_Loncke_002/ Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe (Niger)] musics and singings (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS) [[Category:Fula people]] [[Category:Fula]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Cameroon]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd de Central African Republic]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Chad]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd the Gambia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Guinea]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Mali]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Mauritania]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Niger]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Senegal]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Sierra Leone]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Sudan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups insyd Togo]] [[Category:Muslim communities insyd Africa]] [[Category:Muslim ethnoreligious groups insyd Africa]] [[Category:Afroasiatic peoples]] [[Category:West African people]] a91a9c8nkc12i5gn6lxyvjmccjlvmzt British Museum 0 16074 70032 59851 2025-07-10T14:25:36Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de header 'History' 70032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] owo650xztsxpkz0ava78pwl6y6mx54r 70033 70032 2025-07-10T14:26:21Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* History */ I don add de sub-header 'Sir Hans Sloane' 70033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 3ig5wdt3myauc4doxuuq6u6fbie231b 70034 70033 2025-07-10T14:41:33Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Sir Hans Sloane */ 70034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] oqbm53ldxcx6yhrl1n0v540ejkrrvvm 70035 70034 2025-07-10T14:44:58Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Sir Hans Sloane */ 70035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] flgo6ttaudk3sn8k1fzzbahpu6b37dj 70036 70035 2025-07-10T14:46:20Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* History */ I don add de sub-header 'Foundation (1753)' 70036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] kk1764gj8bkzpmxj10it679836gwk59 70037 70036 2025-07-10T14:48:44Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Foundation (1753) */ 70037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 65akdft7kgarzny128x1e9azgkfgx69 70038 70037 2025-07-10T14:53:33Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Foundation (1753) */ 70038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] ccq0umzfyf5g33ybueaoteifhnf3pnj 70039 70038 2025-07-10T14:54:49Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* History */ I don add de sub-header 'Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778)' 70039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] cf4zesq6y15yhcyvk47t5g418gl9hz4 70040 70039 2025-07-10T14:58:14Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) */ 70040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] tfulkrm75le5p6irc2bkb0ugg8zksbi 70041 70040 2025-07-10T15:00:31Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) */ 70041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 12ren5m6fvfzglxh88prrtw7ipxfv58 70042 70041 2025-07-10T15:04:06Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) */ 70042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] ph90ruhdkymcy79161d0of5axkkng4i 70043 70042 2025-07-10T15:05:31Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* History */ 70043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] otouc5hbce2imfrkcnm6l8m9zoh9hem 70044 70043 2025-07-10T15:09:17Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Indolence den energy (1778–1800) */ 70044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 8p7bixlgf9ajpsi79bz8bzeypn66reg 70045 70044 2025-07-10T15:13:21Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Indolence den energy (1778–1800) */ 70045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 2ytq17e50y0z13aan6o4kpi4b977pjp 70046 70045 2025-07-10T15:18:34Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* History */ I don add de sub-header 'Growth and change (1800–1825)' 70046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] qzlfob9r5uf2wx9eu35lmgfws9yckop 70050 70046 2025-07-10T15:28:20Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Growth plus change (1800–1825) */ 70050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 9df1z7ple764ak9zau4wzblst1klbvt 70062 70050 2025-07-10T15:34:19Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Growth plus change (1800–1825) */ 70062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] pfz40ijj74f2aplckibqbwfyon1dnfy 70077 70062 2025-07-10T15:56:45Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Growth plus change (1800–1825) */ 70077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] pcysf7dh6jgcc0awy603n4yz1ox6a2p 70246 70077 2025-07-10T22:21:27Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-heaader 'De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850)' 70246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 8ouenu66xf6nirzou0pw9ri27hhzqj2 70247 70246 2025-07-10T22:23:11Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) */ 70247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 6qq9n241o601quta7ojl33nl2jc3h4n 70250 70247 2025-07-10T22:30:38Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) */ 70250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 9rmscfbae2eoq47a4bmsmkb0ftzdno2 70256 70250 2025-07-10T22:34:32Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875)' 70256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 2h4b47vbu7k9v8q11ac99df1ltyqpwa 70258 70256 2025-07-10T22:36:07Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) */ 70258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] ajrzmlqdgxbh0jra7b9vmwj7vamcqjj 70265 70258 2025-07-10T22:45:44Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) */ 70265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 4td0ebomf2xn506bfzj64bpji623s0v 70266 70265 2025-07-10T22:48:00Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) */ 70266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] n11e01fmzbh3fh5r3rdb084ttsqwp5e 70267 70266 2025-07-10T22:53:19Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900)' 70267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] bv4pl3swswjfukqq7adsjp3n1wnxtzo 70269 70267 2025-07-10T22:55:47Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) */ 70269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] n0b5kkarer2k5s0xeshy2ed0doc2taf 70271 70269 2025-07-10T23:00:43Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) */ 70271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] guzultg5nunqu0h69yuccoztq8zgmgs 70273 70271 2025-07-10T23:10:51Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) */ 70273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 8ygvy8m8u6pnj1k4jn9fhvwbl5c1z0j 70274 70273 2025-07-10T23:11:51Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'New century, new building (1900–1925)' 70274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] q2nr8qda3qfxqeiatq0vwy2miurn6w7 70275 70274 2025-07-10T23:14:42Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* New century, new building (1900–1925) */ 70275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] af5plmqzt4kseasqi856kot7oysle5u 70276 70275 2025-07-10T23:18:14Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* New century, new building (1900–1925) */ 70276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 78unv76dmcrzakaclh8mqb0kq7522nq 70281 70276 2025-07-10T23:21:24Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* New century, new building (1900–1925) */ 70281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 5xef4pe862fn37olkv7v2bfc0iayksm 70282 70281 2025-07-10T23:22:47Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950)' 70282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] a4v6szyjuj9rxppd1ig26o0811jvw5c 70286 70282 2025-07-10T23:29:16Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) */ 70286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] tv3uzszxhb2a73bfb1y4bo0nu3q9lur 70290 70286 2025-07-10T23:37:31Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) */ 70290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] rq7tnzn4dh2sm9ukv7sr1fdxxw7umk1 70291 70290 2025-07-10T23:38:42Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) */ 70291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 4s5wmyl7zsc9nbvhrt0a4rqor9xxh0p 70292 70291 2025-07-10T23:39:51Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'A new public face (1950–1975)' 70292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 049m42yxrmldl14fi0lq7cze6ih2re7 70293 70292 2025-07-10T23:51:27Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* A new public face (1950–1975) */ 70293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== [[File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|thumb|De re-opened Duveen Gallery, 1980]] For 1953, di museum mark am 200 years anniversary. Plenty changes come after: dem appoint di first full-time in-house designer plus publications officer for 1964, di Friends organization start for 1968, Education Service begin for 1970 den dem establish publishing house for 1973. For 1963, new Act of Parliament come bring some administrative changes too. E easy now to dey lend objects, de constitution of de board of trustees don change plus de Natural History Museum don also become fully independent. By 1959, de Coins plus Medals office suite wey dem destroy completely during de war, dem don rebuild den reopen am, dem turn attentio towards de gallery work with new tastes for design wey lead to de remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical plus Near Eastern galleries.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 270.</ref> For 1962, Duveen Gallery don finally get restored, plus dem carry Parthenon Sculptures go back insyde, once more at de heart of de museum. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] b3i4bvxb55w6dj6q3nmtxlmrqcg7fwf 70295 70293 2025-07-11T00:03:09Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* A new public face (1950–1975) */ 70295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== [[File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|thumb|De re-opened Duveen Gallery, 1980]] For 1953, di museum mark am 200 years anniversary. Plenty changes come after: dem appoint di first full-time in-house designer plus publications officer for 1964, di Friends organization start for 1968, Education Service begin for 1970 den dem establish publishing house for 1973. For 1963, new Act of Parliament come bring some administrative changes too. E easy now to dey lend objects, de constitution of de board of trustees don change plus de Natural History Museum don also become fully independent. By 1959, de Coins plus Medals office suite wey dem destroy completely during de war, dem don rebuild den reopen am, dem turn attentio towards de gallery work with new tastes for design wey lead to de remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical plus Near Eastern galleries.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 270.</ref> For 1962, Duveen Gallery don finally get restored, plus dem carry Parthenon Sculptures go back insyde, once more at de heart of de museum. For 1970s, di museum dey expand again. Dem bring more services for di public; visitor numbers dey increase, especially wen dem show di exhibition wey dem call "Treasures of Tutankhamun" for 1972, wey gather 1,694,117 visitors, e be di most successful for British history. Insyde dat same year, di Parliament pass di Act wey establish di British Library, wey separate de collection of manuscripts plus printed books from de British Museum. Dis one left di museum with antiquities; coins, medals plus paper money; prints den drawings; plus ethnography. A pressing problem wey show up be how to find space for di library wey need extra 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) of shelving every year. Di Government talk say make dem fit put di new British Library for St Pancras but di books no leave di museum until 1997. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 2dauoicfc51ofjuy1yqd6t50etdi7zr 70296 70295 2025-07-11T00:06:49Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 I don add de sub-header 'De Great Court emerges (1975–2000)' 70296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== [[File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|thumb|De re-opened Duveen Gallery, 1980]] For 1953, di museum mark am 200 years anniversary. Plenty changes come after: dem appoint di first full-time in-house designer plus publications officer for 1964, di Friends organization start for 1968, Education Service begin for 1970 den dem establish publishing house for 1973. For 1963, new Act of Parliament come bring some administrative changes too. E easy now to dey lend objects, de constitution of de board of trustees don change plus de Natural History Museum don also become fully independent. By 1959, de Coins plus Medals office suite wey dem destroy completely during de war, dem don rebuild den reopen am, dem turn attentio towards de gallery work with new tastes for design wey lead to de remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical plus Near Eastern galleries.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 270.</ref> For 1962, Duveen Gallery don finally get restored, plus dem carry Parthenon Sculptures go back insyde, once more at de heart of de museum. For 1970s, di museum dey expand again. Dem bring more services for di public; visitor numbers dey increase, especially wen dem show di exhibition wey dem call "Treasures of Tutankhamun" for 1972, wey gather 1,694,117 visitors, e be di most successful for British history. Insyde dat same year, di Parliament pass di Act wey establish di British Library, wey separate de collection of manuscripts plus printed books from de British Museum. Dis one left di museum with antiquities; coins, medals plus paper money; prints den drawings; plus ethnography. A pressing problem wey show up be how to find space for di library wey need extra 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) of shelving every year. Di Government talk say make dem fit put di new British Library for St Pancras but di books no leave di museum until 1997. ==== De Great Court emerges (1975–2000) ==== == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 3dhqm8qf0u9z2zmkqnasmtavk43okft 70297 70296 2025-07-11T00:16:56Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* De Great Court emerges (1975–2000) */ 70297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== [[File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|thumb|De re-opened Duveen Gallery, 1980]] For 1953, di museum mark am 200 years anniversary. Plenty changes come after: dem appoint di first full-time in-house designer plus publications officer for 1964, di Friends organization start for 1968, Education Service begin for 1970 den dem establish publishing house for 1973. For 1963, new Act of Parliament come bring some administrative changes too. E easy now to dey lend objects, de constitution of de board of trustees don change plus de Natural History Museum don also become fully independent. By 1959, de Coins plus Medals office suite wey dem destroy completely during de war, dem don rebuild den reopen am, dem turn attentio towards de gallery work with new tastes for design wey lead to de remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical plus Near Eastern galleries.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 270.</ref> For 1962, Duveen Gallery don finally get restored, plus dem carry Parthenon Sculptures go back insyde, once more at de heart of de museum. For 1970s, di museum dey expand again. Dem bring more services for di public; visitor numbers dey increase, especially wen dem show di exhibition wey dem call "Treasures of Tutankhamun" for 1972, wey gather 1,694,117 visitors, e be di most successful for British history. Insyde dat same year, di Parliament pass di Act wey establish di British Library, wey separate de collection of manuscripts plus printed books from de British Museum. Dis one left di museum with antiquities; coins, medals plus paper money; prints den drawings; plus ethnography. A pressing problem wey show up be how to find space for di library wey need extra 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) of shelving every year. Di Government talk say make dem fit put di new British Library for St Pancras but di books no leave di museum until 1997. ==== De Great Court emerges (1975–2000) ==== De departure of de British Library to a new site at St Pancras, finally dem achieve am insyde 1998, don provide de space needed for de books. E also open chance to redevelop de vacant space insyde Robert Smirke's 19th-century central quadrangle into de Queen Elizabeth II Great Court – wey be de biggest covered square for Europe – wey open for 2000. De ethnography collections wey dey insyde de Museum of Mankind at 6 Burlington Gardens since 1970, dem carry am come back for new purpose-built galleries insyde de museum for 2000. == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 91f8pvqgcyzehs716m4iidu3g49n1f9 70298 70297 2025-07-11T00:18:53Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 /* De Great Court emerges (1975–2000) */ 70298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''British Museum''' be a public museum wey be dedicated to human history, art den culture wey dey locate insyd de Bloomsbury area of London. Ein permanent collection of eight million works be de largest insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Riel|first=Cees|date=30 October 2017|title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33|archive-date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> E dey document de story of human culture from ein beginnings to de present. Na dem establish am insyd 1753, na de British Museum be de first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=12 July 2018|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na de museum receive 5,820,860 visitors, 42% more dan de previous year. At least na one group rate am de most popular attraction insyd de [[United Kingdom]]. For ein beginning, na de museum dey largely base on de collections of de Anglo-Irish physician den scientist Sir Hans Sloane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|archive-date=19 November 2018|access-date=21 October 2017|website=The British Library}}</ref> Na dem gbele am to de public insyd 1759, insyd Montagu House, for de site of de current building. Na de museum ein expansion over de following 250 years largely be a result of British colonisation wey na result insyd de creation of chaw branch institutions, anaa independent spin-offs, na de first be de Natural History Museum insyd 1881. Sam of ein best-known acquisitions, such as de Greek Elgin Marbles den de Egyptian Rosetta Stone, be subject to long-term disputes den repatriation claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2009|title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> Insyd 1973, na de British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972|title=British Library Act 1972|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents|archive-date=8 August 2022|access-date=22 July 2022|website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> detach de library department from de British Museum, buh na e continue dey host de now separated British Library insyd de same Reading Room den building as de museum til 1997. Na de museum be a non-departmental public body wey be sponsored by de Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like all UK national museums, e no dey charge admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Admission and opening times|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2016|access-date=4 July 2010|website=British Museum}}</ref> == History == === Sir Hans Sloane === [[File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Hans_Sloane|Sir Hans Sloane]]]] Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects plus antiquities, Na dem found am as 'universal museum'. Its foundations lie insyde de will of de Anglo-Irish physician plus naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from Ulster. As e dey live, especially when e marry di widow of rich Jamaican planter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml|archive-date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Sloane gathah plenty curiosities, plus him no wan make dem spoil after im die, so he gree give am to King George II, for the nation, for £20,000 (that one be like £3,846,793 for 2023) wey Parliament go pay give him heirs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> E purposely do am like dat so e go be lower than wetin dem fit value the artefacts, wey dem dey talk say fit be £50,000 (like £9,616,983 for 2023) or even more, and some people dey even talk say e fit reach £80,000 (like £15,387,173 for 2023) or more as others talk am.<ref name="sloaneletters.com2">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Sir Hans Sloane – the Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Hans Sloane's Will of 1739 – The Sloane Letters Project|url=http://sloaneletters.com/will-sloane/|website=sloaneletters.com}}</ref> At that time, Sloane em collection dey consist of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=General history|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2012|access-date=4 July 2010|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens wey include 337 volumes of dried plants, prints den drawings wey include those by Albrecht Dürer plus antiquities from Sudan, Egypt, Greece, Rome, de Ancient Near plus Far East plus de Americas.<ref>[[Gavin de Beer|de Beer, Gavin R.]] (1953). ''Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum''. London.</ref> ==== Foundation (1753) ==== For 7 June 1753, King George II don gree dem make dem start British Museum.{{refn|By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<ref>The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Di British Museum Act 1753 still add two libraries join Sloane collection, wey be Cottonian Library wey Sir Robert Cotton build for Elizabethan times, plus Harleian Library wey di Earls of Oxford get. Dem come join 1757 by di 'Old Royal Library', wey now be Royal manuscripts, wey different British kings come gather. Together, dis four 'foundation collections' get plenty of di most valuable books wey dey for British Library,<ref>Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</ref> like di Lindisfarne Gospels plus di only surviving manuscript of Beowulf.<ref group="lower-alpha">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</ref> [[File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg|right|thumb|[[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], {{circa|1715}}]] British Museum be di first kind of museum wey no belong to church or king, e dey open for everybody and e wan collect everything. Sloane collection get plenty different things, e show im scientific interests.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum Images|url=http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001|archive-date=11 May 2011|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=Bmimages}}</ref> When dem add di Cotton and Harley manuscripts, e bring literary and old-school vibe, now British Museum don be both National Museum plus library.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog|title=The World and Its People|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46 38]}}</ref> ===== Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778) ===== [[File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg|thumb|De [[:en:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]] on display insyde de British Museum for 1874]] Di body of trustees choose one fine 17th-century mansion, Montagu House, make e be di place for di museum, wey dem buy am from di Montagu family for £20,000. Di trustees no gree for Buckingham House, wey dem later change am to di Buckingham Palace wey we sabi today, on de grounds of cost plus de unsuitability of its location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=David, M.|title=The British Museum: A History|publisher=The British Museum Press|year=2002|location=London|pages=25}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why [[George III]] paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See [[Howard Colvin]] ''et al.'' (1976), 134.</ref> With de acquisition of Montagu House,, dem open di first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars on 15 January 1759.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759|url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|date=January 2009|volume=59|issue=1|magazine=[[History Today]]|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened|url-status=live}}</ref> At dat time, di big parts of di collection be di library wey dey take most of di rooms for ground floor and di natural history objects wey dey occupy one whole wing for first floor. For 1763, di trustees of di British Museum, influenced by Peter Collinson and William Watson, employ Daniel Solander wey be former student of Carl Linnaeus, to reclassify di natural history collection based on di Linnaean system, so di museum fit become public learning center wey every European natural historian fit access.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=ED |date=15 April 2018 |title=Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768. |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |url-status=live |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=205–237 |doi=10.1017/S0007087418000249 |pmid=29655387 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> For 1823, George IV gave de King Library wey George III arrange,<ref>{{cite web|title=Collection Guides – King's Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library|archive-date=7 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> plus Parliament give am de power to collect every book wey dem publish for di country, so di museum library go dey grow plenty. After dem start am, British Museum receive plenty gifts, like di Thomason Collection wey get Civil War Tins plus David Garrick library wey get 1,000 plays dem print. Di plenty natural history, books and manuscripts start to reduce when for 1772, di museum buy e first big ancient things for £8,410 from Sir William Hamilton 'first' Greek vases collection.<ref name="Hoock2010">{{cite book|last1=Hoock|first1=Holger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|title=Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850|date=2010|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861978592|page=207|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207|archive-date=15 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ====== Indolence den energy (1778–1800) ====== [[File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance ticket to de British Museum, London 3 March 1790]] Since 1778, dem show plenty things from South Seas wey James Cook and other explorers bring come after their round-the-world waka. People dey craze for the new places wey dem see. In 1800, dem get fresh books, fine gems, coins, prints, and drawings from Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode wey make the museum shine well-well. but Montagu House don become increasingly full with crowd den decrepit plus e dey apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<ref>BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History'', p. 78.</ref> Di first big addition wey di museum get for im collection since e start na from Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), di British Ambassador wey dey Napoli. E sell im Greek plus Roman artefacts to di museum for 1784 plus some other old items plus natural history samples. Dem get one list wey talk about donations to di museum, dated 31 January 1784, wey mention di Hamilton gift of one 'Colossal Foot of an Apollo insyde Marble'. Dis one na one of di two items wey Hamilton collect, wey Francesco Progenie draw for am, im be student of Pietro Fabris, wey also send some drawings of Mount Vesuvius wey Hamilton give di Royal Society for London. ====== Growth plus change (1800–1825) ====== [[File:P8282318.1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG|right|thumb|Left to Right: [[:en:Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], Townley Gallery plus [[:en:Robert_Smirke_(architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s west wing under construction, July 1828]] [[File:Mauso03.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG|thumb|De [[:en:Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus|Mausoleum of Halicarnassus]] Room, 1920s]] For early 19th century, dem start build strong collection of sculptures, and Greek, Roman plus Egyptian artefacts dey lead the show for di antiquities display. After dem chop defeat of di French campaign insyde di Battle of di Nile, wetin happen for 1801, British Museum take more Egyptian sculptures join dem collection. Den for 1802, King George III come carry di Rosetta Stone come give dem, wey be key to decode di hieroglyphs.<ref>''Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum'', pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, {{ISBN|0-226-54209-2}})</ref> Gifts plus purchases from Henry Salt, di British consul general for Egypt, start from di Colossal bust of Ramesses II for 1818, na im lay di foundation for di Egyptian Monumental Sculpture collection.<ref>''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Plenty Greek sculptures come after, like dis first exhibition space wey dem build purposefully, the Charles Towneley collection, most of am na Roman sculpture, for 1805. Den for 1806, Thomas Bruce, wey be 7th Earl of Elgin, wey dey represent Ottoman Empire from 1799 go 1803 carry plenty marble sculptures from Parthenon for Acropolis for Athens, come take am go UK. For 1816, dem collect dis western art masterpieces for British Museum through Act of Parliament and keep am for de museum after.<ref>The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7141-2134-7}}</ref> Dem dey add Bassae frieze from Phigaleia, Greece wey come 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection start for 1825 when dem buy Assyrian and Babylonian artifacts from Mary Mackintosh Rich, wey be the widow of Assyriologist Claudius James Rich.<ref>The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7141-2141-X}})</ref> For 1802, dem form committee wey go plan to expand di museum, plus in 1822, dem get donation from di King wey be di King Library, wey be personal library of King George III, dey get 65,000 books, 19,000 pamphlets, maps, charts plus topographical drawings.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=22 October 2011|publisher=Bl}}</ref> Di neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, wey dem call, draw plan for di eastern extension for di museum wey go take Royal Library and picture gallery above am.<ref>Wilson, David, M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</ref> E even suggest plan for di quadrangular building wey we fit still see today. Dem don break down Old Montagu House wey dey spoil and dem start work for King’s Library Gallery for 1823. Dem finish the East Wing extension by 1831. But, after dem open de National Gallery for London for 1824,<ref group="lower-alpha">Understanding of the foundation of the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the [[Trustee|trustees]] transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the [[National Gallery Act 1856]] established the gallery as an independent body.</ref> de Picture Gallery wey dem plan no be necessary again, so dem give that floor space to Natural history collections.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2003). ''The Story of the British Museum'', p. 25. {{ISBN|0-7141-2772-8}})</ref> Di first Synopsis of di British Museum drop insyde 1808. E talk wetin dey insyde di museum, plus how dem show di objects room by room. Dem dey publish new editions every few years. ==== De largest building site insyde Europe (1825–1850) ==== [[File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg|right|thumb|De [[:en:Thomas_Grenville|Grenville]] Library, 1875]] As Sir Robert Smirke big neoclassical building dey rise small-small, de museum turn construction site. The King's Library, wey dey ground floor of East Wing, dem hand am over for 1827, plus dem talk say na one of de best rooms for London. Even though e no fully open to everybody till 1857, dem arrange special openings for de time of The Great Exhibition of 1851. For 1840, di museum don start dey do im first overseas excavations,Charles Fellows expedition go Xanthos insyde Asia Minor, where dem find remains of di tombs of di rulers of ancient Lycia, like di Nereid and Payava monuments. Then for 1857, Charles Newton discover di 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of di Seven Wonders of di Ancient World. For di 1840s plus 1850s, di museum dey support excavations for Assyria by A.H. Layard plus others at sites like Nimrud den Nineveh. Di curators sabi say dem go discover Ashurbanipal's big library of cuneiform tablets, wey help make di museum main place for Assyrian studies.<ref>Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</ref> Sir Thomas Grenville (1755–1846), wey be trustee for British Museum since 1830, gather library wey get 20,240 books, e give dem for him will. De books come for January 1847 inside twenty-one horse-drawn vans. Di only place dem fit put dis large library be one room wey dem plan for manuscripts, between Front Entrance Hall den Manuscript Saloon. Dem books dey there until British Library move go St Pancras for 1998. ===== Collect wey come from di bigger world (1850–1875) ===== Di forecourt wey dem open for 1852 be di last part of Robert Smirke's plan wey start for 1823, but e be like dem need adjust some tins because collection don dey grow too fast. Dem build infill galleries for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room wey fit hold one million books, wey open for 1857. As space still dey tight, dem decide to carry natural history go new building for South Kensington, wey go later turn British Museum of Natural History. Around di same time dem dey build di new house, one man wey dem dey call di "second founder" of di British Museum, di Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi, dey shine. With him oversight, di British Museum Library (now part of di British Library) blow up five times plus turn am into correct place wey fit carry di name national library, di biggest library for di world after National Library of Paris. Di quadrangle wey dey middle of Smirke design no com make sense, e waste fine space, so Panizzi beg make dem fill am with one round Reading Room wey dem build with cast iron, wey Smirke him brother, Sydney Smirke, design.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dickens Charles Jr.|author-link=Charles Dickens Jr.|year=1879|title=Museum, British|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=22 August 2007|work=[[Dickens's Dictionary of London]]|quote=Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]}}</ref> Till mid-19th century, di museum collection dey small small but for 1851, dem bring Augustus Wollaston Franks come join dem to manage di collections. Na there dem start collect British and European medieval antiques, plus some prehistory, and dem start branch go Asia too, dey diversify wetin dem get for ethnography. One big win for di museum na when dem buy di Duke of Blacas rare den valuable collection of antiques for 1867, even as di French no gree. Dem still dey excavate overseas plus John Turtle Wood find di remains of di 4th century BC Temple of Artemis for Ephesos, another Wonder of di Ancient World.<ref>South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, {{ISBN|1-903933-16-1}})</ref> ==== Scholarship den legacies (1875–1900) ==== Di natural history collections dey important part of di British Museum till dem carry am go new British Museum of Natural History for 1887, wey now dem dey call di Natural History Museum for South Kensington. When dem move and finish di new White Wing (wey dey face Montague Street) for 1884, more space show for antiquities plus ethnography, plus di library fit grow more. Dis na time wey innovation dey shine as dem start use electric light for di Reading Room den exhibition galleries.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Electric Light in the British Museum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1879|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> De William Burges collection wey get plenty weapons land for museum since 1881. For 1882, de museum join hand establish de independent Egypt Exploration Fund (now Society), wey be de first British group wey go do research for Egypt. Miss Emma Turner drop some cash for 1892 wey help finance excavations insyde Cyprus. Then for 1897, de big collector plus curator, A. W. Franks, die, den him leave behind an immense bequest wey include 3,300 finger rings, 153 drinking cups, 512 pieces of continental porcelain 1,500 netsuke, 850 inro, plus over 30,000 bookplates plus different kinds of jewellery den plate, wey include de Oxus Treasure.<ref>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</ref> For 1898, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bequeathed de Waddesdon Bequest, all di fine things wey dey insyde im New Smoking Room for Waddesdon Manor. E get almost 300 pieces of objets d'art et de vertu, wey get fine jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass plus maiolica. Among dem get di Holy Thorn Reliquary, wey dem creat aroud de 1390s insyde paris for John, Duke of Berry. Dis collection dey follow di tradition of Schatzkammer wey dey like di ones wey di Renaissance princes of Europe form.<ref name="rothschild">{{cite web|last=Caygill|first=Marjorie|title=Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html|archive-date=6 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007|publisher=Fathom|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Baron Ferdinand make sure say im will dey clear, if dem no follow di terms e go spoil, di collection suppose be {{blockquote|dem put am for special room wey dem go call Waddesdon Bequest Room, separate from all di oda tings for di Museum, and from dat day, dem go keep am for dat room or some other room to be substituted for it.<ref name="rothschild"/>}}Dem still de observe these terms ,plus de collection dey occupy room 2a. ==== New century, new building (1900–1925) ==== [[File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII's_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg|thumb|Opening of De North Wing, King Edward VII's Galleries, 1914]] [[File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg|thumb|Sir [[:en:Leonard_Woolley|Leonard Woolley]] holding an excavated plaster cast of the [[:en:Sumer|Sumerian]] [[:en:Queen's_Lyre|Queen's Lyre]], 1922.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Treasures from the royal tombs of Ur|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|year=1998|editor-last=Zettler|editor-first=Richard L.|pages=31|editor-last2=Horne|editor-first2=Lee}}</ref>]] For de last years of 19th century, British Museum get so many things wey dey make their building no fit contain am again. For 1895, dem trustees buy 69 houses wey dey around de museum so dem fit break dem down den build around west, north den east side of de museum. De first stage na to build northern wing beginning 1906. All dis time, dem collections dey grow. Emil Torday dey collect for Central Africa, Aurel Stein dey do him collection for Central Asia, D. G. Hogarth, Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence dey dig for Carchemish. At dis period, American collector and philanthropist J. Pierpont Morgan come give big number of objects to di museum,<ref>{{cite web|title=British Museum – Collection search: You searched for|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> wey de include William Greenwell en collection of prehistoric artefacts wey e buy for £10,000 for 1908. Morgan dey also collect major part of Sir John Evans's coin collection, wey him pikin J. P. Morgan Jr. sell to di museum for 1915. For 1918, as dem dey fear say bomb fit drop during war, dem evacuate some things through de London Post Office Railway to Holborn, National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth) and one country house near Malvern. When dem come bring back old things from war storage for 1919, some of dem don spoil. Dem set up conservation lab for May 1920 plus e turn permanent department for 1931. Na today, e be di oldest wey dey exist.<ref>Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) {{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2011|access-date=22 July 2016|work=British Museum}}</ref> For 1923, British Museum welcome over one million visitors. === Disruption den reconstruction (1925–1950) === Dem build new mezzanine floors den book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with de flood of books. . For 1931, art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen come give money make dem build gallery for di Parthenon sculptures. E be American architect John Russell Pope wey design am, den dem finish am for 1938. Di way di exhibition galleries dey appear don change as dark Victorian reds don waka go, make way for modern pastel shades.{{refn|Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<ref>Quoted Ashmole (1994), 125</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} After George Francis Hill retire as Director and Principal Librarian for 1936, Na John Forsdyke succeed am. As tension dey rise with Nazi Germany, Forsdyke don dey reason say war fit soon happen. E feel say dem go bomb pass wetin dem do for World War I, so di museum gatz prepare to carry di valuable items go safe place. After di Munich wahala, Forsdyke order 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and pack dem for Duveen Gallery basement. At di same time, e dey find den secure beta locations. As e be, di museum fit quick start carry di selected items go safe places on 24 August 1939, (one day after di Home Secretary talk say make dem do am), go secure basements, country houses, Aldwych Underground station, plus National Library of Wales.<ref name="Shenton">{{cite book|last=Shenton|first=Caroline|title=National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II|publisher=John Murray|year=2021|isbn=978-1-529-38743-8|location=London|pages=60–64, 233–238|type=Hardback}}</ref> Dem don relocate Many items insyde early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a new facility dem develope at Westwood Quarry insyde Wiltshire.<ref name="Shenton" /> De evacaution happen just in time, because back insyde 1940, them bomb dem Duveen Gallery make e damage well well.<ref>Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 92.</ref> Meanwhile, before de war, di Nazis send one researcher to de British Museum for several years to fit gather anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry.<ref name="germanlibrariesaronsfeld">{{cite journal |last1=Aronsfeld |first1=C. C. |date=April 1984 |title=Judaica and Hebraica in German libraries: a review article |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=129–132 |doi=10.1177/096100068401600204 |s2cid=60789240 |quote=The Nazis, in fact, went to great lengths in exploiting Jewish (as well as general) literature. For instance, they arranged for a German researcher to spend several years at the British Museum for the purpose of compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry, which, at the time, with its 562 pages and a bibliography of some 600 items, was an effort more ambitious than hitherto attempted.}}</ref> After di war, di museum dey continue to collect from all di countries and all di centuries: among di big additions be di 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur, wey Leonard Woolley find during im 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver plus garnet grave goods from di Anglo-Saxon ship burial for Sutton Hoo (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk (1946). Di immediate time after di war dem dey focus on returning di collections from protection den restoring di museum after di Blitz. Work begin too for restoring di damaged Duveen Gallery. ===== A new public face (1950–1975) ===== [[File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg|thumb|De re-opened Duveen Gallery, 1980]] For 1953, di museum mark am 200 years anniversary. Plenty changes come after: dem appoint di first full-time in-house designer plus publications officer for 1964, di Friends organization start for 1968, Education Service begin for 1970 den dem establish publishing house for 1973. For 1963, new Act of Parliament come bring some administrative changes too. E easy now to dey lend objects, de constitution of de board of trustees don change plus de Natural History Museum don also become fully independent. By 1959, de Coins plus Medals office suite wey dem destroy completely during de war, dem don rebuild den reopen am, dem turn attentio towards de gallery work with new tastes for design wey lead to de remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical plus Near Eastern galleries.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 270.</ref> For 1962, Duveen Gallery don finally get restored, plus dem carry Parthenon Sculptures go back insyde, once more at de heart of de museum. For 1970s, di museum dey expand again. Dem bring more services for di public; visitor numbers dey increase, especially wen dem show di exhibition wey dem call "Treasures of Tutankhamun" for 1972, wey gather 1,694,117 visitors, e be di most successful for British history. Insyde dat same year, di Parliament pass di Act wey establish di British Library, wey separate de collection of manuscripts plus printed books from de British Museum. Dis one left di museum with antiquities; coins, medals plus paper money; prints den drawings; plus ethnography. A pressing problem wey show up be how to find space for di library wey need extra 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) of shelving every year. Di Government talk say make dem fit put di new British Library for St Pancras but di books no leave di museum until 1997. ==== De Great Court emerges (1975–2000) ==== De departure of de British Library to a new site at St Pancras, finally dem achieve am insyde 1998, don provide de space needed for de books. E also open chance to redevelop de vacant space insyde Robert Smirke's 19th-century central quadrangle into de Queen Elizabeth II Great Court – wey be de biggest covered square for Europe – wey open for 2000. De ethnography collections wey dey insyde de Museum of Mankind at 6 Burlington Gardens since 1970, dem carry am come back for new purpose-built galleries insyde de museum for 2000. Di museum don re-adjust its collecting policies as pipo don start to sabi modern tins like prints, drawings, medals plus di decorative arts again. Dem carry out ethnographic fieldwork for places wey different wey dey include New Guinea, Madagascar, Romania, Guatemala plus Indonesia, plus dem do excavations for Near East, Egypt, Sudan and UK. Di Weston Gallery of Roman Britain wey open for 1997 show plenty recently discover treasures wey show say wetin dem think be small matter for di Roman Empire no be so. Di museum dey manage go for private funds to build, acquire den for other purposes.<ref>Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: A History''. London: The British Museum Press, p. 327.</ref> For 2000, di British Museum collect National Heritage Museum of di Year award.<ref>{{citation|title=Awards and Winners|url=http://nationalheritage.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MOYA-list1.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628212635/http://nationalheritage.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MOYA-list1.pdf|archive-date=28 June 2019|website=National Heritage|accessdate=28 June 2019}}</ref> == Departments == === Department of Egypt den Sudan === [[File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|thumb|Room 61 – De famous false fresco 'Pond insyd a Garden' from de Tomb of Nebamun, {{circa|1350 BC}}]] [[File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG|thumb|Room 4 – De [[Rosetta Stone]], key to de decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC]] De British Museum dey house de world ein largest den most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (plus over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Development since World War II (1945 – )|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 March 2013|work=British Museum}}</ref> pieces) outsyd de Egyptian Museum insyd Cairo. A collection of immense importance for ein range den quality,e dey include objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance insyd Egypt den de Sudan. Togeda, dem dey illustrate every aspect of de cultures of de Nile Valley (wey dey include Nubia), from de Predynastic Neolithic period ({{circa|10,000 BC}}) thru Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), den up to de present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Egypt and Sudan|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx|archive-date=26 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019|work=British Museum}}</ref> Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Predynastic den Early Dynastic period ({{Circa|6000 BC|2690 BC}})''' * Mummy of Ginger den five oda individuals wey komot Gebelein ({{Circa|3400 BC}}) * Flint knife plus an ivory handle (dem know as de ''Pit-Rivers Knife''), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * De Battlefield Palette den Hunters Palette, two cosmetic palettes plus complex decorative schemes ({{Circa|3100 BC}}) * Ivory statuette of a king, wey komot de early temple at Abydos, Egypt ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * King Den ein sandal label wey komot Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty ({{Circa|2985 BC}}) * Stela of King Peribsen, Abydos ({{Circa|2720–2710 BC}}) '''Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)''' * Artefacts wey komot de tomb of King Khasekhemwy wey komot de 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC) * Granite statue of Ankhwa, de shipbuilder, Saqqara, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC) * Chaw of de original casing stones wey komot de Great Pyramid of Giza, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World (c. 2570 BC) * Statue of Nenkheftka wey komot Dishasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC) * Limestone false door of Ptahshepses, Saqqara (2440 BC) * Abusir Papyri, sam of de oldest papyri wey komot ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC) * Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC) '''Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)''' * Inner den outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, Beni Hasan (c. 2125–1795 BC) * Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC) * Limestone stela of Heqaib, Abydos, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC) * Block statue den stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of Amenemhat II (1922–1878 BC) * Limestone statue den stelae wey komot de offering chapel of Inyotef, Abydos, 12th Dynasty ({{circa|1920 BC}}) * Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC) * Reliefs wey komot de tomb of Djehutyhotep, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC) * Three Granite statues of Senwosret III, Deir el-Bahri (1850 BC) * Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC) * Colossal head of Amenemhat III, Bubastis (1800 BC) * Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC) '''Second Intermediate Period''' (1650–1550 BC) * Coffin of King Nubkheperre Intef, Thebes (1570 BC) * De famous Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, an early example of Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Thebes (1550 BC) '''New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)''' * Schist head of Pharaoh Hatshepsut anaa ein successor Tuthmosis III (1480 BC) * Statue of Senenmut plus Princess Neferure for ein lap top, Karnak (1470 BC) * Block statue of Sennefer, Western Thebes (1430 BC) * Twenty Sekhmet statues wey komot de Temple of Mut, Thebes (1400 BC) * Fragment of de beard of de Great Sphinx of Giza (14th century BC) * Pair of granite monumental lion statues wey komot Soleb insyd Sudan, (1370 BC) * Hoard of silver bullion wey komot El-Amarna (1352–1336 BC) * Colossal head from a statue of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Colossal limestone bust of Amenhotep III (1350 BC) * Amarna Tablets, 99 out of 382 tablets dem find, second largest collection insyd de world after de Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (203 tablets) (1350 BC) * Stela of Horemheb wey komot ein tomb for Saqqara (1330 BC) * London Medical Papyrus plus 61 medical den magical treatments (1300 BC) * Papyrus of Ani, one of de finest extant Book of de Dead from antiquity, Thebes (1275 BC) * List of de kings of Egypt wey komot de Temple of Ramesses II (1250 BC) * Statue of Khaemwaset, son of Ramses II, Abydos (1250 BC) * De Great Harris Papyrus, de longest surviving papyrus wey komot antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC) * D'Orbiney Papyrus plus de Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC) * Seated statue of Seti II, Temple of Mut, Karnak (1200–1194 BC) * Face wey komot de sarcophagus of Ramses VI, Valley of de Kings (1140 BC) * Book of de Dead of Nedjmet plus painted offering-vignettes den columns of Hieroglyphic text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC) '''Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)''' * Greenfield papyrus, funerary papyrus of Princess Nesitanebetashru, daughter of Pinudjem II den Neskhons, den priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC) * Pair of gold bracelets wey na e belong to General Nemareth, son of Shoshenq I, Sais (940 BC) * Colossal column capital of Hathor wey komot Bubastis, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC) * Statue of de Nile god Hapi, Karnak ({{circa|900 BC}}) * Mummy case den coffin of Nesperennub, Thebes ({{circa|800 BC}}) * [[Shabaka Stone]] wey komot Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|700 BC}}) * Coffin of king Menkaure, Giza (700–600 BC) * One of de three statues of Amun insyd de form of a ram wey dey protect King Taharqo, Kawa (683 BC) * Inner den outer coffins of de priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty ({{circa|680 BC}}) * Granite statue of de Sphinx of Taharqo (680 BC) '''Late Period (664–332 BC)''' * Saite Sarcophagus of Sasobek, de vizier (prime minister) of de northern part of Egypt insyd de reign of Psammetichus I (664–610 BC) * Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC) * Bronze figure of Isis den Horus, North Saqqara, Egypt (600 BC) * Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty anaa later (600–300 BC) * Kneeling statue of Wahibre, wey komot near Lake Mariout (530 BC) * Sarcophagus of Ankhnesneferibre (525 BC) * Torso of Nectanebo I (380–362 BC) * Obelisks den sarcophagus of Pharaoh Nectanebo II (360–343 BC) * Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, Alexandria (360–343 BC) '''Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)''' * De famous [[Rosetta Stone]], trilingual stela wey na e unlock de ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC) * Naos anaa temple shrine of Ptolemy VIII wey komot Philae (150 BC) * Giant sculpture of a scarab beetle (32–30 BC) * Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy I Soter (305–283 BC) * Mummy of Hornedjitef (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC) * Wall wey komot a chapel of Queen Shanakdakhete, Meroë ({{circa|150 BC}}) * Shrine of Ptolemy VII, Philae ({{circa|150 BC}}) '''Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)''' * Schist head of a young man, Alexandria (after 30 BC) * De Meriotic Hamadab Stela wey komot de Kingdom of Kush dem find near de ancient site of Meroë insyd Sudan, 24 BC * Lid of de coffin of Soter den Cleopatra wey komot Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD) * Mummy of a youth plus a portrait of de deceased, Hawara (100–200 AD) * Over 30 Fayum mummy portraits wey komot Hawara den oda sites insyd Fayum (40–250 AD) * Bronze lamp den patera wey komot de X-group tombs, Qasr Ibrim (1st–6th centuries AD) * Coptic wall painting of de martyrdom of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Bm-ginger.jpg|Room 64 – Egyptian grave wey dey contain a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC File:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de pharaoh Senusret III, {{circa|1850 BC}} File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|Room 4 – Three black granite statues of de goddess Sakhmet, {{circa|1400 BC}} File:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1370 BC}} File:Colossal quartzite head of Amenhotep III, British Museum EA7.jpg|Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, {{circa|1350 BC}} File:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husby den wifey]], 1300–1250 BC File:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins wey komot de tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|Book of de Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC File:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a Gayer-Anderson cat wey komot de Late Period, {{circa|664}}–332 BC File:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC File:The black siltstone obelisk of Pharaoh Nectanebo II, c.350 BCE. From Cairo, Egypt. British Museum.jpg|Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Fayum-66.jpg|Room 62 – Detail from de mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek wey na he settle insyd Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD </gallery> ===Department of Greece den Rome=== De current collection dey include: Temple of Hephaestus * Marble coffer frame den coffer wey komot de colonnade, (449–415 BC) Parthenon * De Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles), (447–438 BC) Propylaea * Capital den column drum, (437–432 BC) Erechtheion * A surviving column den architectural fittings, (420–415 BC) * One of six Caryatids wey remain, (415 BC) Temple of Athena Nike * Surviving frieze slabs den capital, (427–424 BC) Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos * Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC) Tower of de Winds * Marble Corinthian capital, (50 BC) Temple of Poseidon, Sounion * Fluted column base, (444–440 BC) Temple of Nemesis, Rhamnus * Head wey komot de statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC) Temple of Bassae * Twenty-three surviving blocks of de frieze wey komot de interior of de temple, (420–400 BC) Sanctuary of Apollo at Daphni * Fluted columns, column bases den ionic capitals (399–301 BC) Temple of Athena Polias, Priene * Sculptural coffers wey komot de temple ceiling (350–325 BC) * Ionic capitals, architraves den antae (350–325 BC) * Marble torso of a charioteer (320–300 BC) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus * Two colossal free-standing figures dem identify as Maussollos den ein wifey Artemisia, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * Part of horse wey komot de chariot group wey dey adorn de summit of de Mausoleum, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) * De Amazonomachy frieze – A long section of relief frieze wey dey show de battle between Greeks den Amazons, ({{Circa|350 BC}}) Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus * One of de sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC) * Part of de Ionic frieze wey situate above de colonnade, (330–300 BC) Knidos insyd Asia Minor * Demeter of Knidos, (350 BC) * Lion of Knidos, (350–200 BC) Xanthos insyd Asia Minor * Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC) * Harpy Tomb, (480–470 BC) * Nereid Monument, partial reconstruction of a large den elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC) * Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC) * Tomb of Payava, (375–350 BC) * Bilingual Decree of Pixodaros, (340 BC) Temple of Zeus, Salamis insyd Cyprus * Marble capital plus caryatid&nbsp;figure wey dey stand between winged&nbsp;bulls, (300–250 BC) '''Wider collection''' '''Prehistoric Greece den Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)''' * Over thirty Cycladic figures wey komot islands insyd de Aegean Sea, na James Theodore Bent collect chaw, Greece (3300–2000 BC) * A large Gaudo culture askos wey komot Paestum, southern Italy (2800–2400 BC) * Kythnos Hoard of wood working metal tools wey komot de island of Naxos, Greece (2700–2200 BC) * Two pottery kernos wey komot Phylakopi insyd Melos, Greece (2300–2000 BC) * Material wey komot de Palace of Knossos wey dey include a huge pottery storage jar, na sam be donated by Sir Arthur Evans, Crete, Greece (1900–1100 BC) * De Minoan gold treasure wey komot Aegina, northern Aegean, Greece (1850–1550 BC) * Artefacts from de Psychro Cave insyd Crete, wey dey include two serpentine libation tables (1700–1450 BC) * Bronze Minoan Bull-leaper wey komot Rethymnon, Crete (1600–1450 BC) * Segments of de columns den architraves wey komot de Treasury of Atreus, Peloponnese, Greece (1350–1250 BC) * Ivory game board dem find for Enkomi, Cyprus (12th century BC) * Nuragic hoard of bronze artefacts dem find at Santa Maria insyd Paulis, Cagliari, Sardinia (1100–900 BC) * Elgin Amphora, highly decorated pottery vase dem attribute to de Dipylon Master, Athens, Greece (8th century BC) * Votive offerings wey komot de Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (8th century BC) '''Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)''' * Gold jewellery den oda rich artefacts wey komot de Castellani den Galeassi Tombs insyd Palestrina, central Italy (8th–6th centuries BC) * Ornate gold fibula plus granulated parade of animals wey komot de Bernardini Tomb, Cerveteri (675–650 BC) * Various objects wey dey include two small terracotta statues wey komot de "Tomb of de five chairs" insyd Cerveteri (625–600 BC) * Gold libation bowl wey komot Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily (600 BC) * Contents of de Isis tomb den François Tomb, Vulci (570–560 BC) * Painted terracotta plaques (de so-called ''Boccanera Plaques'') wey komot a tomb insyd Cerveteri (560–550 BC) * Decorated silver panels wey komot Castel San Marino, near Perugia (540–520 BC) * Statuette of a bronze votive figure wey komot Pizzidimonte, near Prato, Italy (500–480 BC) * Bronze helmet plus inscription wey dey commemorate de Battle of Cumae, Olympia, Greece (480 BC) * Bronze votive statuettes wey komot de Lake of de Idols, Monte Falterona (420–400 BC) * Part of a symposium set of bronze vessels wey komot de tomb of Larth Metie, Bolsena, Italy (400–300 BC) * Exquisite gold ear-ring plus female head pendant, one of a pair wey komot Perugia (300–200 BC) * Oscan Tablet, one of de most important inscriptions insyd de Oscan language (300–100 BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Sant'Eufemia Lamezia, southern Italy (340–330 BC) * Latian bronze figure wey komot de Sanctuary of Diana, Lake Nemi, Latium (200–100 BC) * Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa wey komot Chiusi (150–140 BC) '''Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Orientalising gold jewellery wey komot de Camirus cemetery insyd Rhodes (700–600 BC) * Foot wey komot de colossal Kouros of Apollo, Delos (600–500 BC) * Group of life-size archaic statues wey komot de Sacred Way at Didyma, western Turkey (600–580 BC) * Bronze statuette of a rider den horse wey komot Armento, southern Italy (550 BC) * Bronze head of an axe wey komot San Sosti, southern Italy (520 BC) * Statue of a nude standing youth wey komot Marion, Cyprus (520–510 BC) * Large terracotta sarcophagus den lid plus painted scenes wey komot Klazomenai, western Turkey (510–480 BC) * Two bronze tablets insyd de Locrian Greek dialect wey komot Galaxidi, central Greece (500–475 BC) * Bronze mitra dem inscribe on both sides insyd archaic Cretan script plus de Spensithios Decree, Lyttos-Afrati region insyd Crete (c. 500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1969-0402-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Fragments wey komot a large bronze equestrian statue of de Taranto Rider, southern Italy (480–460 BC) * Chatsworth Apollo Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC) * Statue of recumbent bull wey komot de Dipylon Cemetery, Athens (4th century BC) * Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot Avola, Sicily (370–300 BC) * Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great wey komot Priene insyd Turkey (330 BC) * Head from de colossal statue of de Asclepius of Milos, Greece (325–300 BC) * Braganza Brooch, Ornamental gold fibula wey dey reflect Celtic den Greek influences (3rd century BC) * Hoard of silver patera wey komot Èze, southeastern France (3rd century BC) * Gold tablet wey komot an Orphic sanctuary insyd southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC) * Marble relief of de Apotheosis of Homer wey komot Bovillae, central Italy (221–205 BC) * Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet dem know as de Arundel Head, western Turkey (2nd–1st centuries BC) * Remains of de Scylla monument at Bargylia, south west Anatolia, Turkey (200–150 BC) * Bronze head den hand of de statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC) * Bronze statuettes wey komot Paramythia (2nd century AD) * Large statue of Europa wey dey tap on de back of a bull wey komot de amphitheatre at Gortyna, Crete (100 BC) '''Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)''' * Pair of engraved oval agate plaques wey dey depict Livia as Diana den Octavian as Mercury (Rome, 30–25 BC) * Guildford Puteal wey komot Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC) * Bronze head of Augustus wey komot Meroë insyd Sudan (27–25 BC) * Cameo glass Portland Vase, de most famous glass vessel wey komot ancient Rome (1–25 AD) * Silver Warren Cup plus homoerotic scenes, dem find near Jerusalem (5–15 AD) * Gladius of Mainz (anaa "Sword of Tiberius") den Blacas Cameo, wey dey depict Roman emperors insyd triumph (15 AD) * Horse trappings insyd decorated silver-plated bronze wey komot Xanten, Germany (1st century AD) * Pair of carved fluorite cups dem know as de Barber Cup den Crawford Cup (100 AD) * Athlete statue, "Vaison Diadumenos", wey komot an ancient Roman city insyd southern France (118–138 AD) * A hoard of silver votive plaques dem dedicate to de Roman God Jupiter Dolichenus, dem discover insyd Heddernheim, near Frankfurt, Germany (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Discus-thrower (Discobolos)<ref>Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" ''Minerva Magazine'' May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf Townley marbles] Burnley </ref> den Bronze Head of Hypnos wey komot Civitella d'Arna, Italy (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine insyd Huelva, southern Spain (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Capitals wey komot sam of de pilasters of de Pantheon, Rome (126 AD) * Colossal marble head of Faustina the Elder, wifey of de Roman emperor Antoninus Pius wey komot Sardis, western Turkey (140 AD) * Marble throne wey komot de prohedria of de Panathenaic Stadium, Athens (140–143 AD) * Hoard of jewellery wey komot a tomb insyd de vicinity of Miletopolis, Turkey (175–180 AD) * Inscribed marble base of de Roman Consul Tiberius Claudius Candidus, unearthed insyd Tarragona, Spain (195–199 AD) * Jennings Dog, a statue of a Molossian guard dog, central Italy (2nd century AD) * Segment of a decorated marble balustrade wey komot de Colosseum, Rome, Italy (2nd century AD) * Politarch inscription wey komot de Vardar Gate, Thessaloniki, Greece (2nd century AD) * Two Roman cavalry bronze parade masks wey komot Nola, Italy den Gaziantep, Turkey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Museum collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask|archive-date=16 January 2024|access-date=16 January 2024|work=The British Museum}}</ref> (2nd century AD) * Bronze tablet dem dedicate to Sextus Pompeius Maximus wey komot de Mithraeum at Ostia, Italy (200 AD)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1873-0820-260 British Museum collection]</ref> * Various silver treasures dem find at Arcisate, Beaurains, Boscoreale, Bursa, Chaourse, Caubiac, Chatuzange, Conimbriga, Mâcon den Revel-Tourdan (1st–3rd century AD) * Votive statue of Apollo of Cyrene, Libya (2nd century AD) * Uerdingen Hoard dem find near Düsseldorf insyd Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD) De collection dey encompass architectural, sculptural den epigraphic items wey komot chaw oda sites across de classical world wey dey include Amathus, Atripalda, Aphrodisias, Delos, Iasos, Idalion, Lindus, Kalymnos, Kerch, Rhamnous, Salamis, Sestos, Sounion, Tomis den Thessaloniki. <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Aegina treasure 01.jpg|Room 12 – A gold earring wey komot de Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC File:BM; RM18 - GR, The Parthenon Galleries 1 Temple of Athena Parthenos (447-438 B.C) + North Slip Room, -Full Elevation & Viewing North-.JPG|Room 18 – Parthenon statuary wey komot de east pediment den Metopes wey komot de south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC File:BM, GNR; The Acropolis & The late 5th C BC ~ Erechtheum Caryatid + Ionic Column (Room 19).jpg|Room 19 – Caryatid den Ionian column wey komot de Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC File:Tomb of Payava 2.jpg|Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC File:Fragmentary horse from the colossal four-horses chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245662728).jpg|Room 21 – Fragmentary horse wey komot de colossal chariot group wich na e top de podium of de Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Gold wreath BM 1908.4-14.1.jpg|Room 22 - Gold oak wreath plus a bee den two cicadas, western Turkey, {{Circa|350–300 BC}} File:Column drum Ephesus.JPG|Room 22 – Column wey komot de Temple of Artemis insyd Ephesus, one of de Seven Wonders of de Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC File:Asklepios Melos BM Sc550.jpg|Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wey dey wear a metal crown (now e lost), wey komot a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC File:Head and left hand from a bronze cult statue of Anahita, a local goddess shown here in the guide of Aphrodite, 200-100 BC, British Museum (8167358544).jpg|Room 22 – Bronze head den hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue dem discover insyd Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC File:SFEC BritMus Roman 011.JPG|Room 1 - Farnese Hermes insyd de Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg|Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet wey komot Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD File:Lely Venus BM 1963.jpg|Room 23 - De famous version of de 'Crouching Venus', Roman, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Spinario-British Museum.jpg|Room 22 – Roman marble copy of de famous 'Spinario (Boy plus Thorn)', Italy, {{Circa|1st century AD}} File:Apollo Kitharoidos BM 1380.jpg|Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (wey dey hold a lyre), Libya, {{Circa|2nd century AD}} </gallery> ===Department of de Middle East=== Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Nimrud:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs wey komot:''' * De North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * Palace of Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC) * De Sharrat-Niphi Temple ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * Temple of Ninurta ({{circa|9th century BC}}) * South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace') (8th–7th century BC) * Central- Palace of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) * South-West Palace of Esarhaddon (681–669 BC) * De Nabu Temple (Ezida) ({{circa|7th century BC}}) '''Sculptures den inscriptions:''' * Pair of Human Headed Lamassu Lions (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece insyd The Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece insyd de Metropolitan Museum of Art (883–859 BC) * Colossal Statue of a Lion (883–859 BC) * Foundation tablet of Ashurnasirpal II wey komot de Temple of Ishtar (875–865 BC) * Rassam Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal II (873–859 BC) * Stela den Statue of King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) * De Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) * Stela of Shamshi-Adad V (824–811 BC) * Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', dem recover from de North-West Palace (811–783 BC) * Pair of statues of attendant god dem dedicate to Nabu by Adad-Nirari III den Sammuramat (810–800 BC) * Bilingual Assyrian lion weights plus both cuneiform den Phoenician inscriptions (800–700 BC) * Large sculpture of a male bearded head wey komot a Lamassu plus inscription dem dedicate to Esarhaddon (670 BC) ; '''Nineveh:''' '''Assyrian palace reliefs den sculptures wey komot:''' * South-West Palace of Sennacherib (705–681 BC) * North-Palace of Ashurbanipal ({{circa|645 BC}}), wey dey include de ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' den Lachish relief * De famous ''Garden Party'' Relief (645 BC) * Statue of a nude woman (11th century BC) * Broken Obelisk of Ashur-bel-kala, de earliest known Assyrian obelisk (11th century BC) * White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I (1050–1031 BC) '''Royal Library of Ashurbanipal:''' * A large collection of cuneiform tablets of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets (7th century BC) * De Flood Tablet, wey dey relate part of de famous ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' (7th century BC) * Taylor Prism, hexagonal clay foundation record (691 BC) * Rassam cylinder plus ten faces, wey dey describe de military campaigns of king Ashurbanipal (643 BC) ; Oda Mesopotamian sites '''Khorsabad den Balawat:''' * Alabaster bas-reliefs wey komot de Palace of Sargon II (710–705 BC) * Pair of Human Headed Winged Lamassu Bulls (710–705 BC) * De Balawat Gates of Shalmaneser III (860 BC) ; '''Ur:''' * De Standard of Ur plus depictions of war den peace (2600 BC) * Queen's Lyre den gold drinking cup wey komot Queen Puabi ein tomb (2600 BC) * De Ram insyd a Thicket, one of pair, de oda dey insyd Philadelphia (2600–2400 BC) * De Royal Game of Ur, an ancient game board (2600–2400 BC) ; '''Wider collection:''' * Plastered human skull wey komot Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine (7000–6000 BC) * Tell Brak Head, one of de oldest portrait busts wey komot de Middle East, north east Syria (3500–3300 BC) * Uruk Trough, one of de earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture wey komot de Middle East, southern Iraq (3300–3000 BC) * Pair of inscribed stone objects dem know as de Blau Monuments wey komot Uruk, Iraq (3100–2700 BC) * Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery dem find for de Canaanite site of Tell el-Ajjul insyd Gaza (1750–1550 BC) * Statue of Idrimi wey komot de ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey (1600 BC) * Bronze bowl den ivory cosmetic box insyd de shape of a fish wey komot Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan (1250–1150 BC) * Group of 16 stone reliefs wey komot de palace of King Kapara at Tell Halaf, northern Syria (10th century BC) * Tablet of Shamash, wey dey depict de sun-god Shamash, wey komot Sippar, Iraq (early 9th century BC) * Hittite lion head wey komot de monument to King Katuwa at Carchemish, southern Turkey (9th century BC) * Two large Assyrian stelae wey komot Kurkh, southern Turkey (850 BC) * Seated statue of Kidudu anaa guardian spirit wey komot de Assyrian city of Assur under Shalmaneser III, Iraq (835 BC) * Basalt bowl plus engraved inscription insyd Hieroglyphic Luwian dem find for Babylon, southern Iraq (8th century BC) * Babylonian Chronicles, series of tablets wey dey record major events insyd Babylonian history, Babylon, Iraq (8th–3rd centuries BC) * Shebna Inscription wey komot Siloam near Jerusalem (7th century BC) * Group of 4 bronze shields plus inscription of king Rusa III wey komot de temple of Khaldi for de Urartian fortress of Toprakkale, eastern Turkey (650 BC) * East India House Inscription wey komot Babylon, Iraq (604–562 BC) * Lachish Letters, group of ostraka dem wrep insyd alphabetic Hebrew wey komot Lachish, Israel (586 BC) * Cylinder of Nabonidus, foundation cylinder of King Nabonidus, Sippar, Iraq (555–540 BC) * De famous Oxus Treasure, de largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts (550–330 BC) * Jar of Xerxes I, alabaster alabastron plus quadrilingual signature of Achaemenid ruler Xerxes I, dem find insyd de ruins of de Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey (486–465 BC) * Idalion Bilingual, bilingual Cypriot-Phoenician inscription, key to de decipherment of de&nbsp;Cypriot syllabary, Idalion, Cyprus (388 BC) * Punic-Libyan Inscription wey komot de Mausoleum of Ateban, key to de decipherment of de Numidian language, Dougga, Tunisia (146 BC) * Amran Tablets dem find near Sana'a, Yemen (1st century BC) * One of de pottery storage jars wey dey contain de Dead Sea Scrolls dem find insyd a cave near Qumran, Jordan (4 BC – 68 AD) * Two limestone ossuaries wey komot caves insyd Jerusalem (1st century AD) * Fragment of a carved basalt architrave wey dey depict a lion ein head wey komot de Temple of Garni, Armenia (1st century AD) * Group of boulders plus Safaitic inscriptions wey komot Jordan/Syria, one of wich na e be donated by Gertrude Bell (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Parthian dynasty gold belt-buckle plus central repoussé figure of eagle plus outstretched wings wey komot Nihavand, Iran (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Silver bowl wey komot Khwarezm wey dey depict a four-armed goddess wey seat for a lion top, Kazakhstan, (658 AD) * One of de rare Hedwig glasses, wey dey originate wey komot de Middle East anaa Norman Sicily (10th–12th centuries AD) * Hoard of Seljuq artefacts wey komot Hamadan wey dey include gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings den dress accessories, Iran (11th–12th centuries) * Islamic brass ewers plus engraved decoration den inlaid plus silver den copper wey komot Herat, Afghanistan den Mosul, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:Raminathicket2.jpg|Room 56 – De 'Ram insyd a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, wey komot Ur, Southern Iraq, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:Standard of Ur - War.jpg|Room 56 – De famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box plus scenes of war den peace, wey komot Ur, {{circa|2600 BC}} File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Panel Imdugud 2500 BC 3640.jpg|Room 56 - Sculpture of de god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle wey dey surmount a lintel dem make from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Statue Kurlil BM WA114207.jpg|Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, wey komot de Temple of Ninhursag insyd Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, {{circa|2500 BC}} File:Ishtar goddess.jpg|Room 56 – De famous Babylonian 'Queen of de Night relief' of de goddess Ishtar, Iraq, {{circa|1790 BC}} File:Carved ivory depicting a woman at a window.jpg|Room 57 - Carved ivory object wey komot de Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg|Room 6 – Depiction of de hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on de Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC File:Winged Human-headed Bulls.JPG|Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls wey komot Khorsabad, companion pieces insyd de Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC File:BM; ANE - RM 55, Cuneiform Tablets Display.1.JPG|Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, wey dey include de Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, {{circa|669}}–631 BC File:Dying Lion.R.jpg|Room 55 – ''Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal'' (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, {{circa|645 BC}} File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG|Room 55 - Panel plus striding lion dem make from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg|Room 52 – A chariot wey komot de Oxus Treasure, de most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC File:Decorated column base from Persepolis.jpg|Great Court - Decorated column base wey komot Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg|Room 53 - Stela dem say e komot Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD File:British Museum Yemen 07d.jpg|Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD File:Brass box BM 1878 12-30 674.jpg|Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box plus an Arabic inscription wey dey record ein manufacture for de ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, {{Circa|1233}} – 1259 AD </gallery> ===Department of Prints den Drawings=== Der be groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, (wey dey include ein only surviving full-scale cartoon), Dürer (a collection of 138 drawings be one of de finest in existence), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude den Watteau, den largely complete collections of de works of all de great printmakers wey dey include Dürer (99 engravings, 6 etchings den chaw of ein 346 woodcuts), Rembrandt den Goya. More dan 30,000 British drawings den watercolours dey include important examples of work by Hogarth, Sandby, Turner, Girtin, Constable, Cotman, Cox, Gillray, Rowlandson, Towne den Cruikshank, as well as all de great Victorians. De collection dey contain de unique set of watercolours by de pioneering colonist John White, de first British artist insyd America den first European make he paint Native Americans. Der be about a million British prints wey dey include more dan 20,000 satires den collections of works by William Blake den Thomas Bewick. De great eleven volume ''Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum'' dem compile between 1870 den 1954 be de definitive reference work for de study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects wey komot de department now dey de online collection database, chaw plus high-quality images.<ref>Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</ref> Na a 2011 donation of £1&nbsp;million enable de museum make e acquire a complete set of Pablo Picasso ein ''Vollard Suite''.<ref name="TelegNov11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|access-date=19 May 2012|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of an unknown young woman - British Museum 180945001.jpg|Rogier van der Weyden - ''Portrait of a Young Woman'', {{circa|1440}} File:A fool, seated on a basket, about to be shaved by a nun holding a wafer iron by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, {{circa|1477}}–1516 File:Botticelli, allegoria dell'abbondanza, disegno.jpg|Sandro Botticelli - ''Allegory of Abundance'', 1480–1485 File:Leonardo da vinci, Study for the Burlington House Cartoon.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci – De Virgin den Kiddie plus Saint Anne den de Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), {{circa|1499}}–1500 File:Adam study - Michelangelo.jpg|Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam insyd de fresco ''De Creation of Man'' on de vault of de Sistine Chapel, {{circa|1511}} File:Raffaello, studio di testa di madonna e bambino.jpg|Raphael – ''Study of Heads, Mommie den Kiddie'', {{circa|1509}}–1511 File:Titian - Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea - WGA22989.jpg|Titian – ''Drowning of de Pharaoh ein Host insyd de Red Sea'', 1515–1517 File:Albrecht Dürer - Walrus - WGA07101.jpg|Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521 File:A Lady, called Anne Boleyn, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|Hans Holbein the Younger - ''Portrait of Anne Boleyn'', 1536 File:Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death.jpg|Joris Hoefnagel den Jacob Hoefnagel - ''Allegory on Life and Death'', circa 1598 File:Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross (cropped).jpg|Peter Paul Rubens - ''Study for de figure of Christ on de Cross'', 1610 File:Head of a monk, 1625-64, Francisco de Zurbarán. Drawing, 277 x 196 mm. British Museum.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán - ''Head of a monk'', 1625–1664 File:Drawing of mules by Claude Lorrain.jpg|Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, wey dey include one full-length, 1630–1640 File:The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross by Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|Rembrandt – '''De Lamentation at de Foot of de Cross]]'', 1634–35 File:A woman with a rose drawn by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman plus a rose, 1763–1765 File:Newport Castle by JMW Turner.jpg|J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796 File:The happy effects of that grand systom of shutting ports against the English!!.jpg|Isaac Cruikshank - 'De happy effects of dat grand system of shutting ports against de English!!', 1808 File:Hampstead Heath by John Constable watercolour.jpg|John Constable - ''London wey komot Hampstead Heath insyd a Storm'', (watercolour), 1831 File:Notes Nocturne lithograph by James McNeill Whistler 1878.jpg|James McNeill Whistler - ''View of de Battersea side of Chelsea Reach'', London, (lithograph), 1878 File:Van Gogh - In the Orchard - 1883.jpg|Vincent van Gogh - Man wey dey dig insyd de Orchard (print), 1883 </gallery> ===Department of Britain, Europe den Prehistory=== [[File:British Museum (6425125707).jpg|thumb|250px|Gallery 50 – View down de Roman Britain gallery]] [[File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware wey komot Waddesdon Bequest]] Highlights of de collections dey include: '''Stone Age (c. 3.4&nbsp;million years BC – c. 2000 BC)''' * Palaeolithic material wey komot across [[Africa]], particularly Olduvai, Kalambo Falls, Olorgesailie den Cape Flats, (1.8&nbsp;million BC onwards) * One of de 11 leaf-shaped points dem find near Volgu, Saône-et-Loire, France wey dem estimate e be 16,000 years old<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| title = British Museum Highlights| access-date = 22 July 2016| archive-date = 16 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs| url-status = live}}</ref> * Ice Age art wey komot France wey dey include de Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, Montastruc decorated stone den Baton fragment, ({{circa|12}}–11,000 BC) * Ice Age art wey komot Britain wey dey include de decorated jaw wey komot Kendrick den Robin Hood Cave Horse, (11,500–10,000 BC) * Rare mesolithic artefacts wey komot de site of Star Carr insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC) * Terracotta figurine wey komot Vinča, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC) * Callaïs bead jewellery wey komot Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet wey komot Le Lizo, Carnac den triangular pendant wey komot Mané-er-Hroëk, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC) * Mother Goddess figurine wey komot Campo-Fiorello near Grossa, southern Corsica (c.4500 BC)<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1927-0207-1 British Museum collection]</ref> * Polished jade axe dem produce insyd de Italian Alps wey dem find insyd Canterbury, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC) * Section of de Sweet Track, an ancient timber causeway from de Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC) * Small collection of Neolithic finds wey dey include a necklace of flat bone beads wey komot Skara Brae, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC) * Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) wey komot de megalithic site of Tarxien, Malta, (3150–2500 BC) * A number of carved stone balls wey komot Scotland, Ireland den northern England, (3200–2500 BC) * De three Folkton Drums, dem make from chalk wey dem find insyd Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC) '''Bronze Age ({{Circa|3300 BC|600 BC}})''' * Jet beaded necklace wey komot Melfort insyd Argyll, Scotland, ({{Circa|3000 BC}}) * Gold lunula wey komot Blessington, Ireland, one of twelve wey komot Ireland, England, LLanllyfini, Wales den Gwithian, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC) * Early Bronze Age hoards wey komot Barnack, Driffield, Sewell den Snowshill insyd England, Arraiolos den Vendas Novas insyd Iberia den Auvernier, Biecz den Neunheilingen insyd central Europe (2280–1500 BC) * Mold cape, unique cape dem make of gold sheet wey komot Mold, Wales (1900–1600 BC) * Contents of de Rillaton Barrow wey dey include a gold cup, den de related Ringlemere Cup, England, (1700–1500 BC) * Bronze Age hoards wey komot Forró, Paks-Dunaföldvár, Szőny den Zsujta insyd Hungary, (1600–1000 BC) * Large ceremonial swords anaa dirks wey komot Oxborough den Beaune, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC) * Eight bronze shields wey dey include those wey komot Moel Hebog den Rhyd-y-gors, Wales den Athenry, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC) * Gold hoards wey komot Morvah den Towednack insyd Cornwall, Milton Keynes insyd Buckinghamshire den Mooghaun insyd Ireland, (1150–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus intricate repoussé decoration wey komot Leer, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC) * Dunaverney flesh-hook dem find near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland den part of de Dowris Hoard wey komot County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC) * Late Bronze Age gold hoards wey komot Abia de la Obispalía den Mérida, Spain den an intricate gold collar wey komot Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC) * Shropshire bulla, gold pendant dem decorate plus intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC)&nbsp; * Part of a copper alloy lur wey komot Årslev on de island of Funen, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant den de Dunmanway Horn wey komot County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC) * Gold bowl plus embossed ornament den fluted wire handle wey komot Angyalföld, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC) '''Iron Age ({{circa|600 BC|1st century AD}})''' * Basse Yutz Flagons, a pair of bronze drinking vessels wey komot Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC) * Morel collection of La Tène material wey komot eastern France, wey dey include de Somme-Bionne chariot burial den de Prunay Vase, (450–300BC) * Important finds wey komot de River Thames wey dey include de Battersea, Chertsey den Wandsworth shields den Waterloo Helmet, as well as de Witham Shield wey komot Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC) * Bronze scabbard plus La Tène engraved decoration, dem find for Lisnacrogher bog, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC) * Pair of gold collars dem call de Orense Torcs wey komot northwest Spain, (300–150 BC) * Arras culture items wey komot chariot burials insyd de Lady's Barrow near Market Weighton den Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC) * Oda gold neck collars wey dey include de Ipswich Hoard den de Sedgeford Torc, England, (200–50 BC) * Winchester Hoard of gold jewellery wey komot southern England den de Great Torc wey komot Snettisham insyd Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC) * Eight out of about thirty extant intact Celtic bronze mirrors plus La Tène decoration wey dey include those wey komot Aston, Chettle, Desborough, Holcombe den St Keverne insyd England, (100 BC – 100 AD) * Cordoba den Arcillera Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards wey komot Spain, (100–20 BC) * Grave find of ornately decorated bronze bucket plus human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches den at least four pottery vessels wey komot Aylesford, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC) * Lindow Man dem find by accident insyd a peat bog insyd Cheshire, England, (1st century AD) * Stanwick Hoard of horse den chariot fittings den de Meyrick Helmet, northern England, (1st century AD) * La Tène silver hinged brooch wey komot Székesfehérvár, Hungary, (1–100 AD) * Lochar Moss Torc den two pairs of massive bronze armlets wey komot Muthill den Strathdon, Scotland, (50–200 AD) '''Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)''' * Tombstone of Roman procurator Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus wey komot London, (1st century) * Ribbed glass bowl dem find insyd a grave at Radnage, Buckinghamshire, (1st century) * Large milestone marker plus inscription wey komot de reign of de emperor Hadrian wey komot Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd insyd North Wales, (120–121 AD)&nbsp; * Ribchester, Guisborough den Witcham helmets wey once be worn by Roman cavalry insyd Britain, (1st–2nd centuries) * Elaborate gold bracelets den ring dem find near Rhayader, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Hoard of gold jewellery dem find for Dolaucothi mine insyd Carmarthenshire, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries) * Bronze heads of de Roman emperors Hadrian den Nero, dem find insyd London den Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries) * Vindolanda Tablets, important historical documents dem find near Hadrian's Wall insyd Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries) * Head of Mercury wey komot Roman-Celtic Temple at Uley, Gloucestershire den limestone head wey komot Towcester, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries) * Wall-paintings den sculptures wey komot de Roman Villa at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries) * Capheaton den Backworth treasures, remnants of two important hoards wey komot northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries) * Stony Stratford Hoard of copper headdresses, fibulae den silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century) * Square silver dish wey komot Mileham insyd Norfolk, (4th century) * Gold jewellery dem deposit at de site of Newgrange, Ireland, (4th century) * Thetford Hoard, late Roman jewellery wey komot eastern England, (4th century) '''Early Mediaeval ({{Circa|4th century AD|1000 AD}})''' * One of five Largitio silver dishes of de emperor Licinius dem find at Niš, Serbia den a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of Constantine the Great, (Early 4th century AD) * Two wooden ship figureheads dem dredge from de River Scheldt at Moerzeke den Appels, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries) * Part of de Asyut, Domagnano, Artres, Sutri, Bergamo den Belluno Treasures, (4th–7th centuries) * Lycurgus Cup, a unique figurative glass cage cup, den de Byzantine Archangel ivory panel, (4th–6th centuries) * Three large Ogham stones wey komot de Roofs More Rath, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries) * De Sutton Hoo treasure, Taplow burial den Crundale grave objects plus sam of de greatest finds wey komot de early Middle Ages insyd Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries) * One of de Burghead Bulls, Pictish stone relief wey komot northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries) * Three Viking hoards wey komot Norway dem know as de Lilleberge Viking Burial, Tromsø Burial, den Villa Farm barrow burial (insyd Vestnes Municipality) plus de Ardvouray, Ballaquayle, Cuerdale, Goldsborough den Vale of York hoards wey komot Britain, (7th–10th centuries) * Irish reliquaries such as de Kells Crozier, Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin den St Conall Cael's Shrine wey komot Inishkeel, (7th–11th centuries) * Early Anglo Saxon Franks Casket, a unique ivory container wey komot northern England, (8th century) * T-shaped Carolingian antler container plus carved geometric interlace den zigzag decoration, dem find near Grüneck Castle, Ilanz, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries) * A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as de Londesborough Brooch, Breadalbane Brooch den those wey komot de Penrith Hoard, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries) * Three of de twenty extant Carolingian crystal intaglios wey dey include de Lothair Crystal, de Metz engraved gem plus crucifixion den Saint-Denis Crystal, central Europe, (9th century) * Anglo-Saxon Fuller den Strickland Brooches plus dema complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century) * One of de Magdeburg Ivories wey komot a set of 16 surviving ivory panels wey dey illustrate episodes of de Life of Jesus, Magdeburg, Germany, (968 AD) * Seax of Beagnoth, iron sword plus long Anglo-Saxon Runic inscription, London, England, (10th century) '''Mediaeval ({{circa|1000 AD|1500 AD}})''' * A number of mediaeval ivory panels wey dey include de Borradaile, Wernher den John Grandisson Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries) * Several elephant ivory horns wey dey include de Borradaile Horn, Clephane Horn den Savernake Horn, (11th–12th centuries) * De famous Lewis chessmen dem find insyd de Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century) * Reliquary of St. Eustace wey komot de treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland den fragments of a rare Romanesque crucifix wey komot South Cerney, England, (12th century) * Armenian stone-cross anaa Khachkar wey komot de Noratus cemetery insyd Armenia, (1225 AD) * Items wey komot de tomb of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, wey dey include ein mitre, silk pall den shoe, (late 12th century) * De unique Warwick Castle Citole, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330) * Set of 10 wooden door panels dem engrave plus Christian scenes wey komot de Hanging Church insyd Old Cairo, Egypt, (1300) * Asante Jug, dem mysteriously find at de [[Asante Empire|Asante]] Court insyd de late 19th century, England, (1390–1400) * Holy Thorn Reliquary wey be bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of de Waddesdon Bequest, Paris, France, (14th century) * Dunstable Swan Jewel, a gold den enamel brooch insyd de form of a swan, England, (14th century) * A silver astrolabe quadrant wey komot Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century) * Chalcis treasure of jewellery, dress accessories den silver plate wey komot de island of Euboea, Greece, (14th–15th centuries) * Magnificent cups dem make from precious metal such as de Royal Gold Cup den de Lacock Cup, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries) * Complete church altar set wey komot Medina de Pomar near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD) '''Renaissance to Modern ({{circa|1500 AD}} – present)''' * Two luxurious silver brooches dem set plus precious stones wey komot Glen Lyon den Lochbuie, Scotland (early 16th century) * Intricately decorated parade shield wey Giorgio Ghisi make wey komot Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD) * The Armada Service, 26 silver dishes dem find insyd Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries) * Early Renaissance ''Lyte Jewel'', dem present to Thomas Lyte of Lytes Cary, Somerset by King James I of England, (1610) * Huguenot silver wey komot de Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century) * Pair of so-called ''Cleopatra Vases'' wey komot de Chelsea porcelain factory, London, England, (1763) * Jaspar ware vase dem know as de ''Pegasus Vase'' wey Josiah Wedgwood make, England, (1786) * Two of Charles Darwin ein chronometers dem use on de voyage of HMS Beagle, (1795–1805) * De Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe den North America, (19th century) * Oak clock plus mother-of-pearl engraving wey Charles Rennie Mackintosh design, (1919) * Silver tea-infuser MT 49 wey be designed by Marianne Brandt wey komot de Bauhaus art school, Germany, (1924) * De ''Rosetta Vase'', earthenware pottery vase wey be designed by de contemporary British artist Grayson Perry, (2011) Chaw hoards of treasure dey include those of Esquiline, Carthage, First Cyprus, Hockwold, Hoxne, Lampsacus, Mildenhall, Vale of York den Water Newton, (4th–10th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum Olduvai handaxe.jpg|Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, {{circa|1.2&nbsp;million years BC}} File:Sleeping Reindeer 4512630872 d31dcb1207 o.jpg|Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, {{circa|13,000 years BC}}<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11 BM Reindeer]''. Archived from [http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11 the original] on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021. </ref> File:Ain Sakhri Lovers - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg|Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, wey komot de cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, {{circa|9000 BC}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|title=British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine|work=British Museum|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> File:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, {{circa|1900}}–1600 BC File:Wandsworth Shield.png|Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG|Room 50 – Gold torc dem find insyd Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC File:Roman emperor head.jpg|Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor, Claudius anaa Nero,<ref>{{Cite news |title=figure {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708040219/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1965-1201-1 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The British Museum |url-status=live }}</ref> wey komot Rendham insyd Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD File:Romano-British crown and diadem.jpg|Room 49 – Romano-British crown den diadem dem find insyd Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD File:Mosaic2 - plw.jpg|Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic plus face of Christ insyd de centre, wey komot Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD File:Corbridge lanx.jpg|Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray wey dey depict a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD File:British Museum Coleraine Hoard.jpg|Room 41 – Silver objects wey komot de Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD File:Sutton Hoo helmet 2016.png|Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD File:Chaucer Astrolabe BM 1909.6-17.1.jpg|Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, de oldest dated insyd Europe, 1326 AD File:British Museum Royal Gold Cup.jpg|Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup anaa Saint Agnes Cup, dem make insyd Paris, France, 1370–80 AD File:Holy Thorn Reliquary front 2018 (cropped).JPG|Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, dem make insyd Paris, {{circa|1390s AD}} File:Ship Clock at British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD File:Carillon Clock with Automata, by Isaac Habrecht - British Museum.jpg|Room 38 – Carillon clock plus automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD File:Inside the British Museum, London - DSC04228.JPG|Room 39 – Ornate clock wey Thomas Tompion make, England, 1690 AD </gallery> ===Department of Asia=== [[File:BrMus Amravati.jpg|thumb|Room 33a – Amaravati Sculptures, southern India, 1st century BC den 3rd century AD]] [[File:Room 95-6752.JPG|thumb|Room 95 – De Percival David collection of Chinese ceramics]] [[File:Lord Shiva Nataraja at the British Museum.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lord Shiva Nataraja.]] Highlights of de collections dey include:<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551|archive-date=5 February 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * De most comprehensive collection of sculpture wey komot de Indian subcontinent insyd de world, wey dey include de celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs wey komot Amaravati wey Sir Walter Elliot excavate am.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2010|title=Room 33a: Amaravati|url=http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|archive-date=25 September 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> * An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, den porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, den oda applied arts. * De Frau Olga-Julia Wegener collection of 147 Chinese paintings wey komot de Tang to de Qing dynasties. * De most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art insyd de Western world, chaw of wich originally belong to de surgeon William Anderson den diplomat Ernest Mason Satow. '''East Asia''' * A large collection of Chinese ritual bronzes, wey dey include a wine vessel insyd de shape of two rams wey dey support a jar, (1500–200 BC) * ''Jade bi'' anaa disc plus inscription wey komot de Qianlong Emperor, (1500–1050 BC) * Group of oracle bones wey na e be used for divination wey komot de Shang dynasty, China, (1200–1050 BC) * Intricately designed gold dagger handle wey komot Eastern Zhou period, China, (6th–5th centuries BC) * Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels wey komot de Eastern Zhou period, China, (5th century BC) * Japanese antiquities wey komot de Kofun period dem excavate by de pioneering archaeologist William Gowland, (3rd–6th centuries AD) * Three ornate bronze Dōtaku anaa bells wey komot de Yayoi period, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD) * Gilded den inscribed Han dynasty wine-cup dem make from lacquer wey na dem find insyd Pyongyang, Korea (4 AD) * Gandharan architectural wood carvings, furniture den dress accessories wey komot Loulan, Xinjiang, (4th century AD) * De famous Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, (344–406 AD) * De colossal Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui, China, (585 AD) * A set of ceramic Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun, ({{circa|728 AD}}) * Silk Princess painting wey komot Dandan-oilik Buddhist sanctuary insyd Khotan, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD) * Seated Luohan wey komot Yixian, one wey komot a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD) * Hoard of Tang dynasty silverware wey komot Beihuangshan, Shaanxi, China, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Seventeen examples of extremely rare Ru ware, de largest collection insyd de West, (1100 AD) * A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings wey komot Dunhuang, western China, wey de British-Hungarian explorer Aurel Stein collect, (5th–11th centuries AD) * Pericival David collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD) * Ivory stand insyd de form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery insyd Tibet, (13th century AD) * Copy of a hanging scroll painting of Minamoto no Yoritomo, first Shogun of Japan, (14th century AD) * Handscroll silk painting dem call 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang wey dey depict insects den plants, China, (1321 AD) * Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha Sakyamuni dem make of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD) * Large Cloisonné jar plus dragon dem make for de Ming dynasty Imperial Court, dem pair plus anoda insyd de Rietberg Museum, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD) * Pair of ceramic Kakiemon elephants wey komot Japan, (17th century AD) * Moon jar wey komot de Joseon Dynasty wey de potter Bernard Leach collect, Korea, (18th century AD) * Japanese prints wey dey include The Great Wave off Kanagawa, (1829–32 AD) * Illustrations for de Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by de celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai, (1820–1840 AD) '''South Asia''' * Excavated objects wey komot de Indus Valley sites of Mohenjo-daro, den Harappa, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (2500–2000 BC) * Hoard of Copper Hoard Culture celts, plaques den disc wey komot Gungeria, Madhya Pradesh, India, (2000–1000 BC) * Assembly of prehistoric artefacts wey komot de Nilgiri Hills insyd southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD) * Hoard of Iron Age metal weapons dem excavate for de Wurreegaon&nbsp;barrow&nbsp;near Kamptee insyd Maharastra, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC) * Sandstone fragment of a Pillar of Ashoka plus Brahmi inscription wey komot Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC) * De Kulu Vase dem find near a monastery insyd Himachal Pradesh, one of de earliest examples of figurative art wey komot de sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC) * Copper plate wey komot Taxila, plus important Kharoshthi inscription, Ancient India (now insyd Pakistan), (1st century BC – 1st century AD) * Indo-Scythian sandstone Mathura Lion Capital den Bracket figure wey komot one of de gateways to de Great Stupa at Sanchi, central India, (1st century AD) * Bimaran Casket den Wardak Vase, reliquaries wey komot ancient stupas insyd Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD) * Hoard of gold jewellery plus precious stones dem find under de Enlightenment Throne at de Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, eastern India, (2nd century AD) * Relic deposits wey komot stupas at Ahin Posh, Ali Masjid, Gudivada, Manikyala, Sonala Pind, Sanchi den Taxila, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Seated Hārītī den Buddha statues den oda Gandhara sculptures wey komot Kafir Kot, Jamal Garhi, Takht-i-Bahi den Yusufzai, Pakistan, (1st–3rd centuries AD) * Hephthalite silver bowl plus hunting scenes wey komot de Swat District, Pakistan, (460–479 AD) * Three sandstone carved sculptures of de Buddha insyd Gupta style wey komot Sarnath, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD) * Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena plus important record of de genealogy of de Later Gupta dynasty up to king Ādityasena, Ghosrawan, Bihar, India, (675 AD) * De Buddhapad Hoard of bronze images wey komot southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD) * Small bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD) * Stone statue of Buddha wey komot de Sultanganj hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD) * Earliest known figure of de dancing four-armed god Shiva Nataraja, Pallava dynasty, southern India (800 AD) * Statue of Tara wey komot Sri Lanka den de Thanjavur Shiva wey komot Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD) * Standing Pala statue of Buddha wey komot Kurkihar, Bihar, India, (9th century AD) * Several wooden architectural panels wey komot de Kashmir Smast caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD) * Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings wey komot de Pala period dem find at de Nālandā Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD) * Statue of de goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar insyd central India, (1034 AD) * Foundation inscription of de Ananta Vasudeva Temple insyd Bhubaneswar, Odisha, eastern India, (1278 AD) * Jade dragon cup wey na once belong to Sultan Ulugh Beg wey komot Samarkand, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD) * Foundation inscription plus Arabic inscription insyd Naskh script insyd de name of Sultan Yusufshah wey komot Gauda, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD) * Large standing gilded copper figure of de Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD) '''Southeast Asia''' * Earthenware tazza wey komot de Phùng Nguyên culture, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC) * Pottery vessels den sherds wey komot de ancient site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC) * Bronze bell wey komot Klang den iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) wey komot Perak, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD) * Group of six Buddhist clay votive plaques dem find insyd a cave insyd Patania, Penang, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD) * De famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold den silver figures wey komot west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD) * Three stone Buddha heads wey komot de temple at Borobodur insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Granite Kinnari figure insyd de shape of a bird wey komot Candi Prambanan insyd Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD) * Sandstone Champa figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD) * Gilded bronze figure of Śiva wey dey hold a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD) * Stone figure wey dey represent de upper part of an eleven-headed Avalokiteśvara, Cambodia, (12th century AD) * Bronze figure of a seated Buddha wey komot Bagan, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Hoard of Southern Song dynasty ceramic vessels dem excavate at Pinagbayanan, Taysan Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD) * Statue of de Goddess Mamaki wey komot Candi Jago, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD) * Glazed terracotta tiles wey komot de Shwegugyi Temple dem erect by king Dhammazedi insyd Bago, Myanmar, (1476 AD) * Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from Fang District, part of a large SE Asian collection wey de Norwegian explorer Carl Bock amass, Thailand, (1540 AD) * Large impression of de Buddha ein foot dem make of gilded stone (dem know as Shwesettaw Footprints) wey Captain Frederick Marryat donate, wey komot Ponoodang near Yangon, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD) <gallery widths="190" heights="190"> File:Poids cubiques harappéens - BM.jpg|Room 33 - Cubic weights dem make of chert wey komot Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC File:Periodo degli zhou dell'est, coppia di vasi rituali hu. V sec. ac. 01.JPG|Room 33 - One of de hu (vessel) wey komot Huixian, China, 5th century BC File:CrystalGoose.JPG|Room 33 - A hamsa (bird) sacred goose vessel dem make of crystal wey komot Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD File:Death of the Buddha BM.jpg|Room 33 - Stone sculpture of de death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD File:Ku K'ai-chih 001.jpg|Room 91a - Section of de Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD File:Denesar Khera Buddha.JPG|Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of de Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD File:Amitabha Buddha Statue, British Museum - panoramio.jpg|De Amitābha Buddha wey komot Hancui on display insyd de museum ein stairwell, China, 6th century AD File:Luóhàn at British Museum.jpg|Room 33 - De luohan wey komot Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD File:Goddess Ambika from Dhar.JPG|Sculpture of Goddess Ambika dem find at Dhar, India, 1034 AD File:Tirthankaras.jpg|Sculpture of de two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha den Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD File:British Museum Kang Hou Gui Top.jpg|Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel dem know as de "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC File:Seated Avalokiteshvara BM OA 1985.5-11.1.jpg|Room 33 - A crowned figure of de Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD File:British Museum Asia 2 (cropped).jpg|Room 33 - Hanging jar dem cover plus underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD File:Hu-shaped altar vessel BM 1989.0309.1.jpg|Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD File:Judge assistant hell BM OA1917.11-16.1 n02.jpg|Room 33 - An assistant to de Judge of Hell, figure wey komot a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD File:British Museum Asia 41-2.jpg|Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD File:Indischer Maler um 1615 (I) 001.jpg|Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD File:Utagawa Toyoharu (attributed to), Courtesans of the Tamaya House.jpg|Room 90 - Courtesans of de Tamaya House, dem attribute to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s anaa early 1780s AD File:SFEC BritMus Asia 027.JPG|Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha dem make of lacquer wey komot Burma, 18th-19th century AD File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg|Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted den varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD </gallery> ===Department of Africa, Oceania den de Americas=== [[File:Wellcome Trust Gallery + Living & Dying (Room 24).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Room 24 – De Wellcome Trust Gallery of Living and Dying, plus Hoa Hakananai'a, a ''moai'', insyd de centre]]'''Africa''' [[File:African_throwing_knives.jpg|thumb|Room 25 – A collection of African throwing knives]] Highlights of de African collection dey include objects dem find at megalithic circles insyd [[The Gambia]], a dozen exquisite Afro-Portuguese ivories, a series of soapstone figures wey komot de Kissi people insyd Sierra Leone den Liberia, hoard of bronze Kru currency rings wey komot de Sinoe River insyd Liberia, Asante goldwork den regalia wey komot Ghana wey dey include de Bowdich collection, de rare Akan Drum wey komot de same region insyd west Africa, pair of door panels den lintel wey komot de palace at Ikere-Ekiti insyd Yorubaland, de [[Benin Bronzes|Benin]] den Igbo-Ukwu bronze sculptures, de beautiful Bronze Head of Queen Idia, a magnificent brass head of a Yoruba ruler den quartz throne wey komot Ife, a similar terracotta head wey komot Iwinrin Grove near Ife, de Apapa Hoard wey komot Lagos den oda mediaeval bronze hoards wey komot Allabia de de Forçados River insyd southern Nigeria. Dem include be an Ikom monolith wey komot Cross River State, chaw ancestral screens wey komot de Kalabari tribe insyd de Niger Delta, de Torday collection of central African sculpture, textiles den weaponry wey komot de Kuba Kingdom wey dey include three royal figures, de unique Luzira Head wey komot Uganda, processional crosses den oda ecclesiastical den royal material wey komot Gondar den Magdala, Ethiopia dey follow de British Expedition to Abyssinia, objects dem excavate wey komot Great Zimbabwe (wey dey include a unique soapstone, anthropomorphic figure) den satellite towns such as Mutare wey dey include a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl wey komot de Venda peoples den cave paintings den petroglyphs wey komot South Africa. '''Oceania''' De British Museum ein Oceanic collections dey originate from de vast area of de Pacific Ocean, wey dey stretch from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. De three main anthropological groups dem represent insyd de collection be Polynesia, Melanesia den Micronesia – dem dey consider Aboriginal art wey komot Australia separately in ein own right. Na metal working no be indigenous to Oceania before na Europeans arrive, so na dem make chaw of de artefacts wey komot de collection from stone, shell, bone den bamboo. Prehistoric objects wey komot de region dey include a bird-shaped pestle den a group of stone mortars wey komot Papua New Guinea. De British Museum be fortunate e get sam of de earliest Oceanic den Pacific collections, chaw of wich na dem put togeda by members of Cook den Vancouver dema expeditions anaa by colonial administrators den explorers such as Sir George Grey, Sir Frederick Broome, Joseph Bradshaw, Robert Christison, Gregory Mathews, Frederick Meinertzhagen, Thomas Mitchell den Arthur Gordon, before na Western culture significantly impact on indigenous cultures. Na de department sanso benefit greatly from de legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as AC Haddon, Bronisław Malinowski den Katherine Routledge. An artefact be a wooden Aboriginal shield, probably wey dey date from de late eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shield {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839|archive-date=1 May 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The British Museum}}</ref> Der be sam debate as to wheda na dem find dis shield at Botany Bay anaa, given de nature of de wood be red mangrove wich dey grow abundantly 500&nbsp;km per north of Botany Bay, possibly na dem obtain thru trade networks anaa at an entirely different location.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Maria |date=February 2018 |title='A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions' |journal=Australian Historical Studies |pages=39}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Nicholas |date=2018 |title=A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=4–27 |doi=10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 |s2cid=149069484 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref> '''Americas''' De Americas collection mainly dey consist of 19th den 20th century items although de Paracas, Moche, Inca, Maya, Aztec, Taino den oda early cultures be well represented. De Kayung totem pole, wich na dem make am insyd de late nineteenth century on Haida Gwaii, dey dominate de Great Court den dey provide a fitting introduction to dis very wide-ranging collection wey dey stretch from de very north of de North American continent wer na de Inuit population live for centuries, to de tip of South America wer na indigenous tribes long thrive insyd Patagonia. <gallery widths="190px" heights="190px"> File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|Room 26 - Stone pipe wey dey represent an otter wey komot Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD File:British Museum tomb guardian.jpg|Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, wey komot San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD File:Maya maize god statue.jpg|Room 1 - Maya maize god statue wey komot Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD File:Gold Lime Flasks (poporos) Quimbaya Culture, Colombia AD 600-1100 - British Museum.jpg|Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD File:Maya, lintel 25, da yaxchilan, 725.JPG|Room 27 - Lintel 25 wey komot Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD File:Bird pectoral, Popayan, gold alloy, AD900–1600..jpg|Room 24 - Bird pectoral dem make from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD File:Hoa Hakananai'a, British Museum.jpg|Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery File:Aztec double-headed serpent - Denis Bourez - British Museum, London.jpg|Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747055335).jpg|Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD File:AHOTWgold lama.JPG|Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD File:Benin Bronzes at the British Museum 1.jpg|Room 25 - Part of de famous collection of Benin brass plaques, [[Nigeria]], 1500-1600 AD File:Benin brass plaque 01.jpg|Room 25 - Detail of one of de Benin brass plaques insyd de museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD File:Idia mask BM Af1910 5-13 1.jpg|Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD File:Hawaiian feather helmet, British Museum 3.jpg|Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet anaa mahiole, late 1700s AD File:Hawaiian bowl.jpg|Bowl dem decorate plus pearl shell den boar ein tusks, na dem use take serve de intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD File:British museum, totem.JPG|Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD File:Punu mask BM Af1904 11-22 1.jpg|Room 25 - Mask (wood den pigment); Punu people, [[Gabon]], 19th century AD File:Otobo masquerade.jpg|Room 25 - Otobo masquerade insyd de Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD File:El Anatsui - Man's Cloth.jpg|Room 25 - Modern interpretation of [[kente cloth]] wey komot [[Ghana]], late 20th century AD </gallery> ==Controversies den criticism== === Contested artefacts === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|right|A few of de [[Elgin Marbles]] (dem sanso know as de Parthenon Marbles) wey komot de East Pediment of de Parthenon insyd Athens.]] ==== List of contested artefacts ==== * [[Elgin Marbles]] – e be claimed by [[Greece]] wey be backed by [[UNESCO]] among odas for restitution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|title=Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012|work=BCRPM|access-date=10 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79|archive-date=27 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Linda Theodorou |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |author2=Dana Facaros |publisher=Cadogan Guides |year=2003 |isbn=1-86011-898-4 |page=55}}</ref> * [[Benin Bronzes]] – e be claimed by Nigeria; na de Nigerian government pass a resolution wey dey demand de return of all 700 bronze pieces.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html| work=The Guardian| location=London| title=British Museum sold precious bronzes| first=Maev| last=Kennedy| date=28 March 2002| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=15 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums| url-status=live}}</ref> Na de British Museum sell 30 pieces of de bronzes privately from de 1950s til 1972, mostly back to de Nigerians.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |work=BBC |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Rosetta Stone]] – e be claimed by [[Egypt]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| work=BBC News| title=Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone| date=21 July 2003| access-date=27 April 2010| archive-date=11 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm| url-status=live}}</ref> * Ethiopian Tabots, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – e ebe claimed by [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="IndieNov2008">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|title=Ethiopia demands stolen crown back|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|access-date=24 August 2016|work=Independent|date=23 November 2008|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman2006">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Barbara T.|title=Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857642|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maqdala Collection, various religious den artistic objects, wey be claimed by Ethiopia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maqdala collection|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517150606/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/maqdala-collection|archive-date=17 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-04|title=V&A's Ethiopian treasures: A crown, a wedding dress and other loot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43642265|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Asante Gold Regalia, personal jewellery den royal insignia wey de [[Asante Empire|Asante king/emperor]] dey wear – wey be claimed by Ghana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Asante Gold Regalia|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521125800/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/asante-gold-regalia|archive-date=21 May 2024|access-date=2025-01-01|work=The British Museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-16|title=Ghanaian ruler pushes British Museum to return gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65614490|access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> * Oxus Treasure – insyd 2007 na de Presido of Tajikistan order experts make dem look into making a claim for dese Achaemenid Empire gold den silver artefacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=10 April 2007|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-date=16 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Dunhuang manuscripts, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, den relics wey komot de Mogao Caves, wey dey include de Diamond Sutra – e be claimed by de People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite journal |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=June 2010 |title=Caves of Faith |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |url-status=dead |journal=National Geographic |pages=136–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> * Aboriginal shield – wey be claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia. * Hoa Hakananai'a, a Moai – wey be claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island/Rapa Nui<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|work=Hyperallergic|title=Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return|date=23 October 2018|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Irish artefacts — de Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin, Londesborough Brooch, swords, half of de Dowris Hoard, part of de Mooghaun North Hoard, de Dunaverney flesh-hook, de Kells Crozier, torcs, four crucifixion plaques, armlets, seals, religious plaques, den rings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971|title=Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2024|title='Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html|website=www.limerickleader.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacCarthy|first=Dan|date=26 August 2022|title=Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> * Welsh artefacts – de Mold gold cape<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 April 2022|title=Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954|url-status=live}}</ref> de Rhos Rydd Shield, de Moel Hebog shield den de Llanllyfni lunula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2021|title=Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home|url=https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/|archive-date=15 January 2023|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Nation.Cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2016|title=Yn ôl i Gymru?|language=cy|work=BBC Cymru Fyw|url=https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|access-date=16 January 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530|url-status=live}}</ref> * Four stolen drawings (Nazi plunder) – Dem bia compensation to Uri Peled for de amount of £175,000 by de British Museum<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|title=News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back|work=Channel 4 News|date=27 March 2007|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Repatriation den reburial of human remains be a controversial issue, wey na de British Museum issue a policy for de subject top.<ref>{{cite web|title=The British Museum policy on human remains|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance|archive-date=27 July 2020|access-date=6 May 2019|publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ==Galleries== ;Building <gallery> File:BM, Main Floor Main Entrance Hall ~ South Stairs.6.JPG|Main Staircase, ''Discobolus'' of Myron (de Discus-Thrower) File:British Museum Reading Room Panorama Feb 2006.jpg|British Museum Reading Room File:British Museum 2010-06-04 B.jpg|Ceiling of de Great Court den de black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, {{Circa|350 BC}} File:Flickr - Nic's events - British Museum with Cory and Mary, 6 Sep 2007 - 183.jpg|Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster insyd de Great Court File:England; London - The British Museum, Facade South Front ~ -Main Entrance + West Wing- Colonnade + The Africa Garden.2.jpg|African Garden – BBC TV programme Ground Force wey create am </gallery> ;Museum galleries ''Department of Ancient Egypt den Sudan'' <gallery> File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View South + Towards Assyrian Sculpture Gallery (Room 6).JPG|Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards de Assyrian Transept File:BM, AES Egyptian Sculpture (Room 4), View North.3.JPG|Room 4 File:Egyptian Gallery.JPG|Room 4 </gallery> ''Department of de Middle East'' <gallery> File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 32 -East (N), Centre Island + North Wall- ~ Assyrian Empire + -Lamassu, Stela's, Statue's, Obelisk's, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.1.jpg|De British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture File:BM; RM8 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 75 South + East Wall (S) ~ Central Palace of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C) + Full Elevation & Viewing South.1.JPG|Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu wey komot Nimrud den reliefs wey komot de palace of Tiglath-Pileser III File:BM; RM7 - ANE, Nimrud Palace Reliefs 1 Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C) ~ Full Elevation & Viewing South.JPG|Room 7 – Reliefs wey komot de North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud File:BM; ANE - RM 89, Assyrian Reliefs ~ Nineveh.JPG|Room 89 – Nimrud den Nineveh Palace Reliefs File:BM; ANE - Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt (Room 10).JPG|Room 10 – Nineveh, De Royal Lion Hunt </gallery>''Department of Greece den Rome''<gallery> File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG|Room 18 – Ancient Greece File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg|Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi and Greek vases, Lycia, 360 BC File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG|Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG|Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG|Main Staircase – ''Discobolus'', Roman File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg|Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD </gallery> === Digital den online === De museum get a collaboration plus de Google Cultural Institute make e bring de collection online.<ref name="gci">{{cite web|title=British Museum Online|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum|archive-date=3 November 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== * ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum]'', by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012. * Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 182, pp.&nbsp;313–338. ''Forgotten Empire Exhibition'' (October 2005 – January 2006) <gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4"> File:Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).1.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama File:The British Museum, Room 5-Persepolis Bas-relief.jpg|Room 5 – De Persepolis Casts File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, (Room 5).3.JPG|Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics File:BM; ANE - Forgotten Empire Exhibition, The Cyrus Cylinder (Room 5).JPG|Room 5 – De Cyrus Cylinder </gallery> From January to April 2012 na de museum present ''Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam'', de first major exhibition on de topic of de [[Hajj]], de pilgrimage wey be one of de [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Hajj exhibition at British Museum |journal=The Guardian |date=25 January 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berns |first1=Steph |title=Hajj journey to the heart of islam |journal=Material Religion |date=December 2012 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=543–544 |doi=10.2752/175183412X13522006995213|s2cid=192190977 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Anderson, Robert (2005). ''The Great Court and the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1 ''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'']. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.&nbsp;103–164. {{ISBN|978-0-19-959369-9}}. * Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html "The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html Archived] 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, ''Modernism/modernity'' Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp.&nbsp;27–42. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068 1071-6068]. * Bowring, Joanna (2012). ''[https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf Archived] 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine'' London: British Museum Research Paper 189. * Caygill, Marjorie (2006). ''The British Museum: 250 Years''. London: The British Museum Press * Caygill, Marjorie (2002). ''The Story of the British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * --do.-- (2009) ''Treasures of the British Museum'' London: The British Museum Press {{ISBN|0714150622}} (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992) * Cook, B. F. (2005). ''The Elgin Marbles''. London: The British Museum Press * Esdaile, Arundell (1946) ''The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey''. London: Allen & Unwin * Jacobs, Norman (2010) ''Behind the Colonnade''. Stroud: The History Press * Jenkins, Ian (2006). ''Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum''. London: The British Museum Press * Francis, Frank, ed. (1971) ''Treasures of the British Museum''. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975) * Moser, Stephanie (2006). ''Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press * Reade, Julian (2004). ''Assyrian Sculpture''. London: The British Museum Press * Reeve, John (2003). ''The British Museum: Visitor's Guide''. London: The British Museum Press * Wilson, David M. (2002). ''The British Museum: a history''. London: The British Museum Press == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q6373|c=Category:British Museum|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Portal:British Museum|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://britishmuseum.org/ Official website] * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45210&strquery=museum The British Museum] from ''The Survey of London'' * [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/british_museum.htm British Museum elevation] * [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=1140844&subId=0 ''"The British Museum Trust Ltd., registered charity no. 1140844''"]. Charity Commission for England and Wales. * [https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum Works by British Museum] at Project Gutenberg * [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about British Museum] at the Internet Archive *[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the British Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Museum| ]] <!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> [[Category:1753 establishments insyd England]] [[Category:Archaeological museums insyd London]] [[Category:Art museums den galleries insyd London]] [[Category:Asian art museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Charities based insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 1847]] [[Category:Buildings den structures dem plete insyd 2000]] [[Category:Egyptological collections insyd London]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:History of museums]] [[Category:Georgian architecture insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]] [[Category:Greek Revival architecture insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Horological museums insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mesoamerican art museums]] [[Category:Museums insyd de London Borough of Camden]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Greece insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of ancient Rome insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums of de ancient Near East insyd de United Kingdom]] [[Category:Museums dem establish insyd 1753]] [[Category:Museums wey de Department for Culture, Media and Sport sponsor]] [[Category:Non-departmental public bodies of de United Kingdom government]] [[Category:Robert Smirke (architect) buildings]] [[Category:Neoclassical architecture insyd London]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Bloomsbury]] [[Category:Foster den Partners buildings]] [[Category:Physical museums plus virtual catalogues den exhibits]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] p809rv2wfqwu4unolxb59wazz0dak2h Queen Mother Moore 0 16986 70261 63282 2025-07-10T22:38:50Z DaSupremo 9 /* Early life */ Make sum corrections 70261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Audley “Queen Mother” Moore''' (born July 27, 1898 - die May 2, 1997) be American wey fight for Black people dema rights. She be Black nationalist, and she dey close to big names like [[Marcus Garvey]], [[Nelson Mandela|Nelson]] den [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Mandela]], [[Rosa Parks]], plus Jesse Jackson. She play role for de American Civil Rights Movement insyd wey she help start Republic of New Afrika. One woman, Delois Blakely, work under am for 20 years. Later, [[Ghana]] make Blakely a Queen Mother (Nana). == Early life == Na dem born Queen Mother Moore as Audley Moore for New Iberia, Louisiana, on July 27, 1898. Na ein mommie be Ella, wey ein poppie be St. Cyr Moore, wey be deputy sheriff for Iberia Parish. St. Cyr marry three times wey he get eight kiddies. For ein marriage plus Ella, Queen Mother Moore be de firstborn out of three kiddies, Lorita and Eloise be de other two. As dem dey grow, dem go Saint Catherine’s Catholic school.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|last=Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America|title=Black Women Oral History Project. Interviews, 1976-1981. Audley Moore. OH-31. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.|url=https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:45173976$5i|access-date=December 8, 2024|website=Harvard University Library}}</ref> Moore ein mama die when she be six, so dem go stay with dem mama ein mama, Nora Henry. Nora Henry herself be born during slavery times. Moore ein grandpapa get lynched when Ella be small, so Ella and her siblings grow under dem mama. Later, Moore and her sisters go back go live with dem papa for New Orleans, but the man die when she dey class four. After that, she drop out of school.<ref name=":03" /> The inheritance wey suppose go to Moore and her sisters, one half brother come take am and sack dem from the house. To take care of herself and her sisters, Moore carry her papa ein mules go auction, sell dem, then use the money rent one place make dem stay. Later, she lie about her age so she fit do hairdressing work, which help dem survive for some time.<ref name=":03" /> Dem start dey do activism from teenage times. During World War I, Moore and her sisters gather neighbors make dem support Black soldiers, after dem hear say Red Cross dey serve only White soldiers. Her sister Eloise even start something like the first USO (United Service Organization) for Anniston, Alabama. She find one empty building make Black soldiers fit come relax, something wey before only White soldiers get access to. Then in 1919, Moore hear about Marcus Garvey. She go New Orleans go listen to am talk in 1920. By that time, Moore don marry, and after Garvey ein speech, she and her three sisters catch new vibe and awareness about their African roots.<ref name=":03" /> == Activism == After Queen Mother Moore hear Marcus Garvey ein speech, she start prepare with her husband to move go Africa. But some family wahala make she stay for U.S. instead. She move go California, then Chicago, before she and her husband plus sisters settle for Harlem, New York in 1922.<ref name=":03" /> She join plenty activist groups. Before she join Communist Party around 1933, she first join International Labor Defense. Inside the Communist Party, she learn more about how the system dey work against Black people. But by 1950, she comot because she feel say the party no dey fight for Black people again. After she meet Mary McLeod Bethune for Washington, she join the Council of Negro Women for life. Through Bethune, she start give speeches to people wey dey support civil rights.<ref name=":03" /> Later, she become leader and life member of UNIA, Marcus Garvey ein group. She attend Garvey ein first international convention for NYC and even own shares in the Black Star Line. Moore fight for Black causes for over 60 years. Her last public show be 1995 Million Man March with Jesse Jackson. She found Universal Association of Ethiopian Women and the Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves. She help start Republic of New Afrika to fight for land, self-rule, and reparations. In 1964, she start Eloise Moore College of African Studies, Mt. Addis Ababa, for Parksville, New York, but fire burn the place down for late 1970s.<ref name=":03" /> For 1950s and 60s inside, Moore be the loudest voice for African-American reparations. From Harlem, she push this agenda till she die. Even though she grow up Catholic, she comot from the Church during the Second Italo-Ethiopian war, because she feel say Pope Pius XII support Italy against [[Ethiopia]]. She pass through different churches like Baptist missionary, Apostolic Orthodox Church of Judah, then later baptize into Ethiopian Orthodox Church. She also help start the Commission to Eliminate Racism under New York churches and do 3-week sit-in protest. She co-found African American Cultural Foundation, Inc. wey fight make people stop use the word “Negro.” In 1957 and 1959, she send two petitions to the [[United Nations|UN]] wey she ask for self-rule, land, and $200 billion as compensation for slavery. She say people wey wan go Africa or stay for America must all get reparations. She be the first person wey sign the New African Agreement. From 1972 to 1977, she visit Africa many times. First one be to [[Guinea]] for [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]] ein funeral, then a chief call her to Ghana. For Ghana, Ashanti people give her the “Queen Mother” title. Later, she go All-African Women’s Conference for Tanzania, visit Guinea-Bissau as Amílcar Cabral ein guest, attend Nigeria Festival of Arts and Culture, go Pan-African Congress for Tanzania, and visit Uganda too.<ref name=":03" /> In 1990, Delois Blakely carry her go meet Nelson Mandela after him come out from prison, for [[Zambia]], at President Kenneth Kaunda ein house. Then in 1996, she and Blakely enstool Winnie Mandela as Queen Mother for one event wey Ausar Auset Society International do for Harlem. Big big names like Ron Brown (DNC Chair), Charles Rangel (Congressman), David Dinkins (NYC Mayor), and Jesse Jackson respect and support her as elder for Harlem. Sonia Sanchez, popular poet and freedom fighter, be her god-daughter and Moore love her well. Queen Mother Moore die May 2, 1997, for one nursing home in Brooklyn. She be 98 years old.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/07/nyregion/queen-mother-moore-98-harlem-rights-leader-dies.html|title=Queen Mother Moore, 98, Harlem Rights Leader, Dies|last=Pace|first=Eric|date=1997-05-07|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{Cite book|chapter=Moore, Audley 'Queen Mother'|title=American National Biography|chapter-url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-01298.html|publisher=Oxford University Press}} == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/152.html "'Queen Mother’ Moore; black nationalist leader".] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180103115039/http://www.blackhistorypages.net/pages/moore.php "Queen Mother" Moore, Black History Pages.] * Andy Lanset, [http://www.wnyc.org/story/250329-marcus-garvey-20th-century-pan-africanist/ "Marcus Garvey: 20th Century Pan-Africanist"], NYPR Archives & Preservation, WNYC, February 15, 2013. Queen Mother Moore talks about seeing Marcus Garvey and being in the UNIA in this radio documentary. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Queen Mother}} [[Category:1898 births]] [[Category:1997 deaths]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:20th-century African-American people]] [[Category:20th-century African-American women]] [[Category:Activists for African-American civil rights]] [[Category:Activists wey komot Louisiana]] [[Category:African-American activists]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:American Black separatist activists]] [[Category:American reparationists]] [[Category:People wey komot New Iberia, Louisiana]] [[Category:American women civil rights activists]] j89oxnqrgmqj2b6dg9w5m54hkkq0if2 French Algeria 0 17008 70228 62494 2025-07-10T21:23:03Z CommonsDelinker 61 Replacing Bombardementd_alger-1830.jpg with [[File:Bombardement_d'Alger_-_1830.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Obvious error). 70228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''French Algeria''' (French: ''Alger'' til 1839, then ''Algérie'' afterwards;<ref>Scheiner, Virgile (14 October 1839)</ref> unofficially ''Algérie française'';<ref>Non exhaustive list of ancient and modern books named "": [[iarchive:histoiredelalgr00claugoog|1848]]; [[iarchive:bub_gb_FTJ1p231EuoC|1856]]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=KPS2TOIwk_kC 1864]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=G5HtnmIji7IC 2007]; [https://www.google.fr/search?q=%22Alg%C3%A9rie+fran%C3%A7aise%22&hl=en&tbm=bks&start=10&ei=WhJaVr_2B4T4aoP1n5gF and so on] </ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&pg=PA89|title=African Boundaries|date=1979|publisher=Royal Institute for international affairs|isbn=9780903983877|page=89}}</ref> Arabic: الجزائر المستعمرة), dem sanso know as '''Colonial Algeria''', na e be de period of Algerian history wen na de country be a colony den later an integral part of [[France]]. Na French rule last til de end of de Algerian War wich result in Algeria gain independence on 5 July 1962. Na de French conquest of Algeria begin insyd 1830 plus de invasion of Algiers wich topple de Regency of Algiers, though na Algeria no be fully conquered den pacified til 1903. E be estimated dat by 1875, approximately na 825,000 indigenous Algerians be killed.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|date=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300100983|page=[https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326/page/374 374]|quote=374.|url-access=registration}}</ref> Na various scholars describe de French conquest as genocide.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schaller|first=Dominik J.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-923211-6|editor-last=Bloxham|editor-first=Donald|page=356|chapter=Genocide and Mass Violence in the 'Heart of Darkness': Africa in the Colonial Period|editor-last2=Moses|editor-first2=A. Dirk|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEcTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA356}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Na Algeria be ruled as a colony from 1830 to 1848, den then as multiple departments, an integral part of France, plus de implementing of de Constitution of French Second Republic on 4 November 1848, til Algerian independence insyd 1962. After a trip to Algiers insyd 1860, de then-French emperor Napoleon III cam be keen on establishing a client kingdom wich na he go rule insyd a personal union, wey dey expand freedoms for de indigenous population den dey limit colonisation (a stance wich na he hope go strengthen France ein footing insyd de Muslim world, buh wich na be unpopular plus de local European settlers).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anceau|first=Eric|title=Napoleon III and Abd el-Kader|url=https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/articles/napoleon-iii-and-abd-el-kader|website=napoleon.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The end of the conquest under Napoleon III and the short-lived Arab Kingdom|url=https://www.musee-armee.fr/ExpositionAlgerie/the-end-of-the-conquest-under-Napoleon-iii-and-the-short-lived-arab-kingdom.html|access-date=31 May 2024|website=Musee de l’armee}}</ref> Dis project go go nowhere however, den de newly-established Third Republic go scrap any plans for Algerian regional autonomy, even dey seek make e strengthen ein hold by granting citizenship to Algeria ein native Jewish population insyd wat na be described as an example of divide den rule. As a recognized jurisdiction of France, na Algeria cam be a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants. Na dem be first known as ''colons'', den later as pieds-noirs, a term dem apply primarily to ethnic Europeans born insyd Algeria. Na de indigenous Muslim population comprise de majority of de territory thru out ein history.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Algeria - Colonial rule|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria/Colonial-rule|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111049/https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria/Colonial-rule|archive-date=2024-01-16|access-date=2022-11-22|website=Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Gradually, na dissatisfaction among de Muslim population, secof dema lack of political den economic freedom, fuel calls for greater political autonomy, den eventually independence from France.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Surkis, Judith|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1089839922|title=Sex, law, and sovereignty in French Algeria, 1830–1930|date=15 December 2019|isbn=978-1-5017-3952-1|location=Ithaca|oclc=1089839922|access-date=9 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521145830/https://search.worldcat.org/title/1089839922|archive-date=21 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> De Sétif den Guelma massacre, insyd 1945, mark a point of no return insyd Franco-Algerian relations wey na lead to de outbreak of de Algerian War wich na be characterised by de use of guerrilla warfare by National Liberation Front, den crimes against humanity by de French. Na de war end insyd 1962, wey Algeria gain independence dey follow de Évian Accords insyd March 1962 den a self-determination referendum insyd July 1962. During ein last years as part of France, na Algeria be a founding member of de European Coal and Steel Community den de European Economic Community.<ref name="GrothSousa-Poza2012">{{Cite book|last=Hans Groth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bpq9Mg-l5jMC&pg=PA227|title=Population Dynamics in Muslim Countries: Assembling the Jigsaw|last2=Alfonso Sousa-Poza|date=26 March 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-27881-5|page=227|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521145904/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bpq9Mg-l5jMC&pg=PA227#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=21 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> == History == === Initial conflicts === [[File:Purchase_of_Christian_captives_from_the_Barbary_States.jpg|right|thumb|Purchase of Christian slaves by French monks insyd Algiers insyd 1662]] Since de capture of Algiers insyd 1516 by de Ottoman admirals, bros Oruc den Hayreddin Barbarossa, na Algeria be a base for conflict den piracy insyd de Mediterranean basin. Insyd 1681, na French King Louis XIV ask Admiral Abraham Duquesne make he fight de Berber pirates. He sanso order a large-scale attack on Algiers between 1682 den 1683 on de pretext of assisting den rescuing enslaved Christians, usually Europeans wey dem take as captives insyd raids.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Martin|first=Henri|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nW0PAAAAYAAJ|title=Martin's history of France: the age of Louis XIV|date=1865|publisher=Walker, Wise and co.|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nW0PAAAAYAAJ/page/n545 522]|access-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> Jean II d'Estrées san bombard Tripoli den Algiers from 1685 to 1688. Na an ambassador from Algiers visit de Court insyd Versailles, wey na dem sign a treaty insyd 1690 wey na e provide peace thru out de 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Matar|first=Nabil I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWjpowTH4b4C&pg=PA105|title=Europe Through Arab Eyes, 1578–1727|date=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0231141949|page=313}}</ref> During de Directory regime of de First French Republic (1795–99), na de Bacri den de Busnach, Jewish merchants of Algiers, provide large quantities of grain for Napoleon ein soldiers wey participate insyd de Italian campaign of 1796–1797. Buh na Bonaparte refuse make he pay de bill, wey na he dey claim e be excessive. Insyd 1820, na Louis XVIII pay back half of de Directory ein debts. De Dey, wey na e loan de Bacri 250,000 francs, request de rest of de money from France. === French conquest of Algeria === [[File:Empire_colonial_français_(1920).png|thumb|De French colonial empire insyd 1920]] Na de invasion of Algeria against de Regency of Algiers (Ottoman Algeria) be initiated insyd de last days of de Bourbon Restoration by Charles X, as an attempt make he increase ein popularity amongst de French people.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sessions|first=Jennifer E.|url=http://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801449758.001.0001/upso-9780801449758|title=By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria|date=6 October 2011|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-4975-8|pages=19–66|chapter=A Tale of Two Despots: The Invasion of Algeria and the Revolution of 1830|doi=10.7591/cornell/9780801449758.003.0002|access-date=14 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175143/https://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801449758.001.0001/upso-9780801449758|archive-date=27 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Na he particularly hope make he appeal to de many veterans of de Napoleonic Wars wey lived insyd Paris. Na ein intention be make he bolster patriotic sentiment, den distract attention from ineptly handled domestic policies by "skirmishing against de ''dey''."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Lange |first=Erik |date=September 2021 |title=THE CONGRESS SYSTEM AND THE FRENCH INVASION OF ALGIERS, 1827–1830 |journal=The Historical Journal |language=en |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=940–962 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X2000062X |issn=0018-246X |quote=Historians of Algeria and France, for their part, tend to […] [maintain] that the invasion was ultimately an attempt of the faltering Bourbon monarchy to overcome parliamentary opposition and popular unrest. The attack on Algiers had to provide much-needed martial bluster to the royal regime and help stave off defeat in the 1830 elections. Of course, this ultimately failed when the July Revolution ended the Restoration monarchy. |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Fly Whisk Incident (April 1827) ==== Insyd de 1790s, na France contract make e purchase wheat give de French army from two merchants insyd Algiers, Messrs. Bacri den Boushnak, wey na e dey in arrears paying dem. Na Bacri den Boushnak owe money to de ''dey'' wey na dem claim dem no fi pay am til France pay ein debts to dem. Na de ''dey'' unsuccessfully negotiate plus Pierre Deval, de French consul, make he rectify dis situation, wey na he suspect Deval of collaborating plus de merchants against am, especially wen de French government make no provisions insyd 1820 make dem pay de merchants. Na Deval ein nephew Alexandre, de consul insyd Bône, further anger de ''dey'' by fortifying French storehouses insyd Bône den La Calle, contrary to de terms of prior agreements.<ref>Abun-Nasr, Jamil. ''A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period'', p. 249</ref> ==== Invasion of Algiers (June 1830) ==== [[File:Bombardement d'Alger - 1830.jpg|thumb|De attack of Admiral Duperré during de take-over of Algiers insyd 1830]] [[File:Fighting_at_the_gates_of_Algiers_1830.jpg|thumb|Fighting at de gates of Algiers insyd 1830]] [[File:Ottoman_cannon_end_of_16th_century_length_385cm_cal_178mm_weight_2910_stone_projectile_founded_8_October_1581_Alger_seized_1830.jpg|thumb|Ornate Ottoman cannon, length: 385cm, cal:178mm, weight: 2910, stone projectile, dem found 8 October 1581 insyd Algiers, wey France seize at Algiers insyd 1830. Musée de l'Armée, Paris]] Na Pierre Deval den oda French residents of Algiers lef for France, while na de Minister of War, Clermont-Tonnerre, propose a military expedition. However, na de Count of Villèle, an ultra-royalist, Presido of de council den de monarch ein heir, oppose any military action. Na de Bourbon Restoration government finally decide make e blockade Algiers for three years. Meanwhile, na de Berber pirates be able to exploit de geography of de coast plus ease. Before de failure of de blockade, na de Restoration decide on 31 January 1830 make e engage a military expedition against Algiers. ==== Characterization as genocide ==== Na sam governments den scholars call France ein conquest of [[Algeria]] a genocide.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-12-23|title=Turkey accuses France of genocide in colonial Algeria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16314373|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413100837/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16314373|archive-date=2019-04-13|access-date=2021-03-05|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> For example, na Ben Kiernan, an Australian expert on Cambodian genocide<ref>{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=Stephen J.|date=30 June 1995|title=Disowning Morris|url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/disowning-morris|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508101315/https://phnompenhpost.com/national/disowning-morris|archive-date=8 May 2023|access-date=26 September 2019|newspaper=Phnom Penh Post}}</ref> wrep insyd ''Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur'' on de French conquest of [[Algeria]]:<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|date=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300100983|page=[https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326/page/374 374]|quote=374.|url-access=registration}}</ref><blockquote>''By 1875, the French conquest was complete. The war had killed approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians since 1830. A long shadow of genocidal hatred persisted, provoking a French author to protest in 1882 that in Algeria, "we hear it repeated every day that we must expel the native and, if necessary, destroy him." As a French statistical journal urged five years later, "the system of extermination must give way to a policy of penetration."'' —Ben Kiernan, ''Blood and Soil''</blockquote>Wen na France recognize de Armenian genocide, Turkey accuse France of having committed genocide against 15% of Algeria ein population.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=23 December 2011|title=Turkey accuses France of genocide in Algeria|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/23/turkey-accuses-france-genocide-algeria|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411155831/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/23/turkey-accuses-france-genocide-algeria|archive-date=11 April 2019|access-date=26 September 2019|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 December 2011|title=Turkey accuses France of genocide in colonial Algeria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16314373|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413100837/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16314373|archive-date=13 April 2019|access-date=26 September 2019|work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC News|agency=BBC}}</ref> ==French rule== ===Demography=== {{historical populations |title = Algeria's population under de French<br/>{{Small| → Demographics of Algeria#Population (after 1962)}} |percentages = pagr |width = 13.5em |cols = 3 |align = left |1830 |3,000,000|1851 |2554100 |1856 |2496100 |1862 |2999100 |1866 |2921200 |1872 |2894500 |1877 |2867600 |1882 |3310400 |1886 |3867000 |1892 |4174700 |1896 |4479000 |1900 |4675000 |1901 |4739300 |1906 |5231900 |1911 |5563800 |1921 |5804300 |1930<sup>e</sup> |6453000 |1940<sup>e</sup> |7614000 |1947 |8302000 |1948 |8681800 |1949 |8602000 |1950 |8753000 |1951 |8927000 |1952 |9126000 |1953 |9370000 |1954 |9529700 |1955 |9678000 |1956 |9903000 |1958 |10127000 |1959 |10575000 |1960 |10853000 |1962 |10920000 |source = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lahmeyer |first=Jan |date=11 October 2003 |title=ALgeria [Djazaïria] historical demographic data of the whole country |url=http://www.populstat.info/Africa/algeriac.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718104037/http://www.populstat.info/Africa/algeriac.htm |archive-date=18 July 2012 |access-date=9 June 2012 |website=Population statistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2005 |title=Timeline: Algeria |url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/northafrica/tlalgiers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423010456/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/northafrica/tlalgiers.html |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=9 June 2012 |website=World History at KMLA}}</ref> |footnote = <big>'''<sup>e</sup>'''</big> – Indicates that this is an estimated figure. }} =={{lang|fr|Algérie française|nocat=y}}== Na {{lang|fr|Algérie française}} be a slogan dem use about 1960 by those French people wey na dem want make dem keep [[Algeria]] ruled by France. Literally "French Algeria", e dey mean dat de na de three {{lang|fr|départements}} of Algeria to be considered integral parts of France. By integral parts, e dey mean dat dem get dema deputies (representatives) insyd de French National Assembly, den so on. Further, na de people of Algeria wey na dem for be permitted to vote for de deputies go be those wey universally accept French law, rada dan sharia (wich na dem use insyd personal cases among Algerian Muslims under laws wey dey date back to Napoleon III), wey na such people be predominantly of French origin anaa Jewish origin. Na chaw wey use dis slogan be returnees.<ref>Mouloud Feraoun (1962) ''Journal, 1955–1962'', {{lang|fr|Éditions du Seuil}}, Paris</ref> == References == <references /> === Sources === * {{Cite journal |last=Blévis |first=Laure |date=2003 |title=La citoyenneté française au miroir de la colonisation : étude des demandes de naturalisation des " sujets français " en Algérie coloniale |url=http://www.cairn.info/revue-geneses-2003-4-page-25.htm |journal=Genèses |language=fr |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=25 |doi=10.3917/gen.053.0025 |issn=1155-3219|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite book |last=Collot |first=Claude |title=Les Institutions de l'Algérie durant la période coloniale: 1830-1962 |date=1987 |publisher=Éd. du CNRS Office des publications universitaires |isbn=978-2-222-03957-0 |series=Cahiers du Centre de recherches et d'études sur les sociétés méditerranéennes |location=Paris; Alger |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Horne |first=Alistair |title=A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962 |date=1977 |publisher=New York Review |isbn=978-1-59017-218-6 |publication-date=2006 |pages=198–200}} * {{Cite journal |last=Sahia Cherchari |first=Mohamed |date=December 2004 |title=Indigènes et citoyens ou l'impossible universalisation du suffrage |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-droit-constitutionnel-2004-4-page-741.htm?ref=doi |journal=Revue française de droit constitutionnel |language=fr |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=741–770 |doi=10.3917/rfdc.060.0741 |issn=1151-2385}} * {{Cite book|last=Thénault|first=Sylvie|title=Histoire de l'Algérie à la période coloniale (1830-1962)|date=2012|publisher=Découverte; Barzakh|isbn=978-2-7071-7326-3|editor-last=Bouchène|editor-first=Abderrahmane|location=Paris : Alger|pages=200–206|language=fr|chapter=Le « code de l'indigénat »|oclc=810121260|chapter-url=https://shs.cairn.info/histoire-de-l-algerie-a-la-periode-coloniale--9782707178374-page-200}} * {{Cite book|last=Tocqueville|first=Alexis de|url=https://tikhanovlibrary.com/alexis-de-tocquevilles-second-letter-on-algeria|title=Travels in Algeria, the United Empire Loyalists|date=2022|publisher=Tikhanov Library|isbn=978-1-998070-11-4|location=Lund, BC, Canada|orig-date=1847}} * {{Cite book|last=Weil|first=Patrick|url=https://archive.org/details/howtobefrenchnat0000weil/page/128|title=Qu'est-ce qu'un Français? histoire de la nationalité française depuis la Révolution|date=2002|publisher=Grasset (Duke University Press)|isbn=978-2-246-60571-3|location=Paris|language=fr|trans-title=How to Be French: Nationality in the Making since 1789}} * {{Cite journal |last=Weil |first=Patrick |date=November 2005 |title=Le statut des musulmans en Algérie coloniale: Une nationalité française dénaturée |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-de-la-justice-2005-1-page-93.htm?ref=doi |journal=Histoire de la justice |language=fr |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=93–109 |doi=10.3917/rhj.016.0093 |issn=1639-4399 |url-access=subscription}} ==Read further== * {{Cite book |last=Ageron |first=Charles-Robert |author-link= |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4806164v |title=Histoire de l'Algérie contemporaine |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France |date=1979 |volume=De l'insurrection de 1871 au déclenchement de la guerre de libération, 1954 |language=fr |id=BnF346270649}} (a ground-breaking work on the historiography of French colonialism) * {{Cite book |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/94043019 |title=Algeria: a country study |date=1994 |publisher=Library of Congress |isbn=978-0-8444-0831-6 |editor-last=Metz |editor-first=Helen Chapin |edition=5th |series=Area handbook series |location=Washington, D.C}} * {{Cite book |last=Aussaresses |first=Paul |title=The battle of the Casbah: terrorism and counter-terrorism in Algeria 1955-1957 |date=2014 |publisher=Enigma Books |isbn=978-1-929631-30-8 |location=New York, NY}} * {{Cite book |last=Bennoune |first=Mahfoud |title=The making of contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987: colonial upheavals and post-independence development |date=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-30150-3 |series=Cambridge Middle East library |location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book |last=Gallois |first=William |title=A history of violence in the early Algerian colony |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-29431-8 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}} * {{Cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|title=A savage war of peace: Algeria, 1954-1962|date=1978|publisher=Viking Press|isbn=978-0-670-61964-1|location=New York}} * {{Cite book|last=McDougall|first=James|title=A history of Algeria|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85164-0|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|last=McDougall|first=James|title=History and the culture of nationalism in Algeria|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84373-7|series=Cambridge Middle East studies|location=Cambridge|oclc=ocm61879728}} * {{Cite book|last=Le Cour Grandmaison|first=Olivier|title=Coloniser, exterminer: sur la guerre et l'état colonial|date=2005|publisher=Fayard|isbn=978-2-213-62316-0|location=Paris, France|language=fr}} * {{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Sophie B.|title=Citizenship and antisemitism in french colonial Algeria, 1870-1962|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-18815-0|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Stephen H.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84402|title=History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925)|date=1929|publisher=P. S. King & Son|volume=I|location=Westminster}} * {{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Stephen H.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.89866|title=History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925)|date=1929|publisher=P. S. King & Son|volume=II|location=Westminster}} * {{Cite book|last=Sessions|first=Jennifer E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtBqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1|title=By sword and plow: France and the conquest of Algeria|date=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-5446-2|location=Ithaca}}; Cultural History * {{Cite book|last=Stora|first=Benjamin|url=https://archive.org/details/algeria18302000s00stor|title=Algeria, 1830-2000: a short history|date=2001|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3715-1|location=Ithaca; London|translator-last=Todd|translator-first=Jane Marie}} * {{Cite book|last=Vandervort|first=Bruce|title=The encyclopedia of war|date=2012|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-9037-4|editor-last=Martel|editor-first=Gordon|location=Oxford|chapter=French conquest of Algeria (1830–1847)}} * {{Cite book|last=Schaub|first=Nicolas|title=Représenter l'Algérie: images et conquête au XIXe siècle|date=2015|publisher=Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques (CTHS)|isbn=978-2-7355-0845-7|series=L'art & l'essai|volume=15|location=Paris|language=fr}} * {{Cite book|last=Cointet|first=Michèle|title=De Gaulle et l'Algérie française, 1958-1962|date=1995|publisher=Perrin|isbn=978-2-262-00077-6|location=Paris|language=fr|oclc=34406158}} * {{Cite book|title=Histoire de l'Algérie à la période coloniale (1830-1962)|date=2012|publisher=Découverte; Barzakh|isbn=978-2-7071-7326-3|editor-last=Bouchène|editor-first=Abderrahmane|location=Paris : Alger|pages=212–218|language=fr|chapter=L'invention de l'« indigène », Français non citoyen|doi=10.3917/dec.bouch.2013.01.0212|oclc=810121260|chapter-url=https://shs.cairn.info/histoire-de-l-algerie-a-la-periode-coloniale--9782707178374-page-212}} * {{Cite journal |last=Gallissot |first=René |date=2011-06-30 |title=Les effets paradoxaux de la catégorie " d'origine indigène " |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/146671 |journal=Colloque International sur l'Histoire de la Révolution Algérienne |language=fr |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=17–31 |issn=2588-2317}} * Weil, Patrick (2003). ''[https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/1353 Le statut des musulmans en Algérie coloniale : une nationalité française dénaturée]'' (Thesis). HEC Working Papers (in French) European University Institute. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:1814/1353|1814/1353]]. (on the legal statuses of Muslim populations in Algeria) == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://www.ina.fr/recherche/recherche?vue=Video&startVideo=0&triVideo=date-diff&dirVideo=asc 1940~1962 Newsreel archives about French Algeria] {{Small|(from French National Audiovisiual Institute INA)}} * [http://www.humaniteinenglish.com/spip.php?article259 Benjamin Stora on French Colonialism and Algeria Today!] {{Small|(from French Communist Party's newspaper {{lang|fr|L'Humanité}})}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:French Algeria| ]] [[Category:Former colonies insyd Africa]] [[Category:Former French colonies|Algeria]] [[Category:French colonisation insyd Africa|Algeria]] [[Category:19th century insyd Algeria]] [[Category:20th century insyd Algeria]] [[Category:Contemporary French history]] [[Category:French Union|Algeria]] [[Category:1830 establishments insyd Algeria]] [[Category:1962 disestablishments insyd Algeria]] [[Category:1830 establishments insyd de French colonial empire|Algeria]] [[Category:1962 disestablishments insyd de French colonial empire|Algeria]] [[Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1830]] [[Category:States den territories dem disestablish insyd 1962]] b5my3v2my41ozn955joto4z6idki7qa African-American Muslims 0 17375 70006 63694 2025-07-10T12:09:45Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == References == 7y2r3bpn3x4q81gg9y50um3blwjtvro 70008 70006 2025-07-10T13:00:40Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === == References == 4i0g6pdgx0co4gehfmmbwnr3v4pdem3 70009 70008 2025-07-10T13:05:32Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable African-American Muslims */ Improve article 70009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. == References == 7o76n6v9rc64hd7fjxt23i6uwv8vgss 70010 70009 2025-07-10T13:08:23Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable African-American Muslims */ Improve article 70010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. === Activists === * [[Malcolm X]], civil rights leader === Politicians === * Ako Abdul-Samad, member of de Iowa House of Representatives (2007–present) * Charles Bilal, former mayor of Kountze, Texas * André Carson, U.S. Representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district (2008–present) * Keith Ellison, Attorney General of Minnesota den former U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2007–2019) * Jamilah Nasheed, member of de Missouri Senate (2013–present) * John Collins-Muhammad, City of St. Louis Alderman of de 21st District * Larry Shaw, former member of de North Carolina Senate (1995–2009) * Ilhan Omar, U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2019–present) == References == 5p4gqhtqvrjqgfkenydxmjh6agdmfod 70011 70010 2025-07-10T13:11:38Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable African-American Muslims */ Improve article 70011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. === Activists === * [[Malcolm X]], civil rights leader === Politicians === * Ako Abdul-Samad, member of de Iowa House of Representatives (2007–present) * Charles Bilal, former mayor of Kountze, Texas * André Carson, U.S. Representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district (2008–present) * Keith Ellison, Attorney General of Minnesota den former U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2007–2019) * Jamilah Nasheed, member of de Missouri Senate (2013–present) * John Collins-Muhammad, City of St. Louis Alderman of de 21st District * Larry Shaw, former member of de North Carolina Senate (1995–2009) * Ilhan Omar, U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2019–present) === Athletes === * Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, former basketball player * Ahmad Rashad, former NFL player * Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, former basketball player * Shareef Abdur-Rahim, former basketball player * Muhammad Ali, former professional boxer * Rubin Carter, former professional boxer * Shaquille O'Neal, former basketball player * Ibtihaj Muhammad, Olympian Professional Fencer * Mike Tyson, former professional boxer * Gervonta Davis, professional boxer * Husain Abdullah, former professional NFL player * Rasheed Wallace, former basketball player * Jamaal Wilkes, former basketball player * Kyrie Irving, professional basketball player * Jaylen Brown, professional basketball player * Ameer Abdullah, professional football player * Dominique Easley, professional football player * Muhammad Wilkerson, professional football player * Mohammed Sanu, professional football player * Hamza Abdullah, former professional football player * Husain Abdullah, former professional football player * Az-Zahir Hakim, former professional football player den coach * Ryan Harris, former professional football player * Abdul Hodge, former professional football player * Ephraim Salaam, former professional football player * Sharrieff Shah, football coach == References == qm766njyajdpqixpxq61sekjpw53j2d 70013 70011 2025-07-10T13:15:51Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable African-American Muslims */ Improve article 70013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. === Activists === * [[Malcolm X]], civil rights leader === Politicians === * Ako Abdul-Samad, member of de Iowa House of Representatives (2007–present) * Charles Bilal, former mayor of Kountze, Texas * André Carson, U.S. Representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district (2008–present) * Keith Ellison, Attorney General of Minnesota den former U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2007–2019) * Jamilah Nasheed, member of de Missouri Senate (2013–present) * John Collins-Muhammad, City of St. Louis Alderman of de 21st District * Larry Shaw, former member of de North Carolina Senate (1995–2009) * Ilhan Omar, U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2019–present) === Athletes === * Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, former basketball player * Ahmad Rashad, former NFL player * Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, former basketball player * Shareef Abdur-Rahim, former basketball player * Muhammad Ali, former professional boxer * Rubin Carter, former professional boxer * Shaquille O'Neal, former basketball player * Ibtihaj Muhammad, Olympian Professional Fencer * Mike Tyson, former professional boxer * Gervonta Davis, professional boxer * Husain Abdullah, former professional NFL player * Rasheed Wallace, former basketball player * Jamaal Wilkes, former basketball player * Kyrie Irving, professional basketball player * Jaylen Brown, professional basketball player * Ameer Abdullah, professional football player * Dominique Easley, professional football player * Muhammad Wilkerson, professional football player * Mohammed Sanu, professional football player * Hamza Abdullah, former professional football player * Husain Abdullah, former professional football player * Az-Zahir Hakim, former professional football player den coach * Ryan Harris, former professional football player * Abdul Hodge, former professional football player * Ephraim Salaam, former professional football player * Sharrieff Shah, football coach === Musicians === * Ali Shaheed Muhammad, DJ den producer * Ahmad Jamal, jazz pianist * [[Akon]], singer * AR-Ab, rapper * Art Blakey, jazz drummer * Bas, rapper * Beanie Sigel, rapper * B.G. Knocc Out, rapper * Buckshot, rapper * Busta Rhymes, rapper * Dave East, rapper * Divine Styler, rapper * E.D.I. Mean, rapper * Freddie Gibbs, rapper * Freeway, rapper * Ghostface Killah, rapper * Ice Cube, rapper den actor * Idris Muhammad, musician * Idrees Sulieman, jazz trumpeter * Jay Electronica, rapper * Jermaine Jackson, singer-songwriter * Joe Tex, singer den musician * Kevin Gates, rapper * King Von, rapper * Lil Durk, rapper * Lupe Fiasco, rapper * MC Ren, rapper * MF DOOM, rapper * Moneybagg Yo, rapper * Mos Def, rapper * Napoleon, rapper * PnB Rock, rapper * Q-Tip, rapper * Pop Smoke, rapper * Raekwon, rapper * Rhymefest, rapper * Robert "Kool" Bell, musician * Sahib Shihab, jazz musician * Sean Price, rapper * Sheck Wes, rapper * Shy Glizzy, rapper * Swizz Beatz, producer * SZA, singer den songwriter * The Jacka, rapper * T-Pain, singer * Westside Gunn, rapper * Yusuf Lateef, musician * Quando Rondo, rapper * NLE Choppa, rapper * Kay Flock, rapper == References == 9iwzqzyxybjkm6uz14ivhj17wjgm1j5 70014 70013 2025-07-10T13:17:48Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable African-American Muslims */ Improve article 70014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. === Activists === * [[Malcolm X]], civil rights leader === Politicians === * Ako Abdul-Samad, member of de Iowa House of Representatives (2007–present) * Charles Bilal, former mayor of Kountze, Texas * André Carson, U.S. Representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district (2008–present) * Keith Ellison, Attorney General of Minnesota den former U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2007–2019) * Jamilah Nasheed, member of de Missouri Senate (2013–present) * John Collins-Muhammad, City of St. Louis Alderman of de 21st District * Larry Shaw, former member of de North Carolina Senate (1995–2009) * Ilhan Omar, U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2019–present) === Athletes === * Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, former basketball player * Ahmad Rashad, former NFL player * Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, former basketball player * Shareef Abdur-Rahim, former basketball player * Muhammad Ali, former professional boxer * Rubin Carter, former professional boxer * Shaquille O'Neal, former basketball player * Ibtihaj Muhammad, Olympian Professional Fencer * Mike Tyson, former professional boxer * Gervonta Davis, professional boxer * Husain Abdullah, former professional NFL player * Rasheed Wallace, former basketball player * Jamaal Wilkes, former basketball player * Kyrie Irving, professional basketball player * Jaylen Brown, professional basketball player * Ameer Abdullah, professional football player * Dominique Easley, professional football player * Muhammad Wilkerson, professional football player * Mohammed Sanu, professional football player * Hamza Abdullah, former professional football player * Husain Abdullah, former professional football player * Az-Zahir Hakim, former professional football player den coach * Ryan Harris, former professional football player * Abdul Hodge, former professional football player * Ephraim Salaam, former professional football player * Sharrieff Shah, football coach === Musicians === * Ali Shaheed Muhammad, DJ den producer * Ahmad Jamal, jazz pianist * [[Akon]], singer * AR-Ab, rapper * Art Blakey, jazz drummer * Bas, rapper * Beanie Sigel, rapper * B.G. Knocc Out, rapper * Buckshot, rapper * Busta Rhymes, rapper * Dave East, rapper * Divine Styler, rapper * E.D.I. Mean, rapper * Freddie Gibbs, rapper * Freeway, rapper * Ghostface Killah, rapper * Ice Cube, rapper den actor * Idris Muhammad, musician * Idrees Sulieman, jazz trumpeter * Jay Electronica, rapper * Jermaine Jackson, singer-songwriter * Joe Tex, singer den musician * Kevin Gates, rapper * King Von, rapper * Lil Durk, rapper * Lupe Fiasco, rapper * MC Ren, rapper * MF DOOM, rapper * Moneybagg Yo, rapper * Mos Def, rapper * Napoleon, rapper * PnB Rock, rapper * Q-Tip, rapper * Pop Smoke, rapper * Raekwon, rapper * Rhymefest, rapper * Robert "Kool" Bell, musician * Sahib Shihab, jazz musician * Sean Price, rapper * Sheck Wes, rapper * Shy Glizzy, rapper * Swizz Beatz, producer * SZA, singer den songwriter * The Jacka, rapper * T-Pain, singer * Westside Gunn, rapper * Yusuf Lateef, musician * Quando Rondo, rapper * NLE Choppa, rapper * Kay Flock, rapper === Entertainment === * [[Iman (model)|Iman]], fashion model den actress * Dave Chappelle, comedian * Mahershala Ali, actor * Halima Aden, fashion model * Barkhad Abdi, actor * Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, actor * Felonious Munk, comedian === Religion === * Siraj Wahhaj * Warith Deen Muhammad * Khalid Abdul Muhammad === Oda === * Yusuf Bey, entrepreneur * Larry Hoover, former gang leader * Jeff Fort, former gang leader == References == dj8xckejhy3yxyc0djbnb9i06sdb06i 70016 70014 2025-07-10T13:20:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''African-American Muslims''', dem sanso know as '''Black Muslims''', be African-American religious minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/|title=A Religious Portrait of African-Americans|date=January 30, 2009|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> African-American Muslims dey account for over 20% of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Besheer|date=January 17, 2019|title=Black Muslims account for a fifth of all U.S. Muslims, and about half are converts to Islam|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/black-muslims-account-for-a-fifth-of-all-u-s-muslims-and-about-half-are-converts-to-islam/|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> Dem dey represent one of de larger Muslim populations of de United States as der be no ethnic group wey dey make up de majority of American Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Demographic portrait of Muslim Americans|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem mostly dey belong to de Sunni sect, buh smaller Shia den Nation of Islam minorities sanso dey exist. De history of African-American Muslims dey relate to African-American history in general, wey dey go back to de Revolutionary den Antebellum eras.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane|title=Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in America|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1479847112}}</ref> == History == Historically, an estimated 30% of slaves dem bring to de Americas from [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]] be Muslims.<ref name="Stock-2013">{{Cite book|last=Stock|first=Robert|title=Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation|publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2013}}</ref> Na dem overwhelmingly be literate in contrast to oda slaves, wey thus na dem give dem supervisory roles.<ref name="Stock-2013" /> Na dem force chaw of dese captives into Christianity during de era of American slavery;<ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2019|title=How the autobiography of a Muslim slave is challenging an American narrative|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-autobiography-of-a-muslim-slave-is-challenging-an-american-narrative|access-date=May 6, 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> however, na der be records of individuals such as Omar ibn Said wey practice [[Islam]] for de rest of dema lives insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="PBS" /><ref>Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson. ''Encyclopedia of religion in the South''. Mercer University Press (2005), p. 394. {{ISBN|978-0-86554-758-2}}.</ref> During de twentieth century, na sam African Americans convert to Islam, mainly thru de influence of black nationalist groups wey preach plus distinctive Islamic practices wey dey include de Moorish Science Temple of America, dem found insyd 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Michael A. |date=1994 |title=Muslims in Early America |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=671–710 |doi=10.2307/2211064 |issn=0022-4642 |jstor=2211064}}</ref> den de Nation of Islam, dem found insyd de 1930s, wich attract at least 20,000 people by 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=1979|isbn=978-0-313-21002-0|pages=15–16|quote=Estimates of Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clegg|first=Claude Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nva1ULVYh3QC|title=An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=9780312181536|page=115|quote=The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership.}}</ref> Na prominent members include activist [[Malcolm X]] den boxer Muhammad Ali.<ref>Jacob Neusner, ''World Religions in America: An Introduction'', Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-664-22475-2}}.</ref> Ahmadiyya Muslim groups sanso sought den win converts among African Americans insyd de 1920s den 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Richard Brent|title=Islam in the African-American Experience|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003}}</ref> Dem dey consider Malcolm&nbsp;X de first person make he start de movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he lef de Nation wey he make de [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref>William W. Sales (1994). ''From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity''. South End Press, p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-89608-480-3}}.</ref> Insyd 1975, na Warith Deen Mohammed, de son of Elijah Muhammad take control of de Nation after ein poppie ein death wey na he guide de majority of ein members towards mainstream Sunni Islam.<ref>Uzra Zeya (1990-01) [http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0190/9001042.htm Islam in America: The Growing Presence of American Converts to Islam] Washington Report on Middle East Reports. Retrieved November 16, 2009.</ref> However, na a few members reject dese changes, wey lead Louis Farrakhan make he revive de Nation of Islam insyd 1978 base largely on de ideals of ein founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dawn-Marie|first=Gibson|title=The Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and the men who follow him|date=June 15, 2016|isbn=9781137530844|location=New York|oclc=951809596}}</ref> == Early American Muslims == === Bilali Muhammad === === Omar Ibn Said === === Yarrow Mamout === == Sects == === Sunni Islam === === Shia Islam === === Moorish Science Temple of America === === Nation of Islam === === Five-Percent Nation === === United Nation of Islam === === Ahmadiyya === ==Notable African-American Muslims== [[File:Muhammad Ali 1971 ©Eric Bachmann Fotoarchiv.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Muhammad Ali insyd 1971]] ===Pre-20th century=== * Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a prince from modern-day [[Guinea]], dem capture den sell as a slave insyd de United States, dem free plus government intervention 40 years later, wey he return den die insyd [[Liberia]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fraser-Rahim |first=Muhammad |title=Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) – Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry |work=Lowcountry Digital History Initiative |url=https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/five-african-muslims/ibrahima-abdur-rahman--1762-18 |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> * Omar ibn Said, a [[Fula people|Fula]] scholar wey komot Futa Toro insyd [[West Africa]] (present-day [[Senegal]]), wey na dem [[Atlantic slave trade|enslave]] am, transport am to de United States insyd 1807, wey na he wrep a series of Arabic-language works on history den theology * Yarrow Mamout, a formerly enslaved Fula entrepreneur den property owner insyd Georgetown, Washington, D.C. * Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, a prominent Fulani prince den author wey komot [[Senegal|modern-day Senegal]] wey na dem kidnap den traffick am to de Americas during de [[Atlantic slave trade]], wey na previously own den sell slaves einself. === Activists === * [[Malcolm X]], civil rights leader === Politicians === * Ako Abdul-Samad, member of de Iowa House of Representatives (2007–present) * Charles Bilal, former mayor of Kountze, Texas * André Carson, U.S. Representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district (2008–present) * Keith Ellison, Attorney General of Minnesota den former U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2007–2019) * Jamilah Nasheed, member of de Missouri Senate (2013–present) * John Collins-Muhammad, City of St. Louis Alderman of de 21st District * Larry Shaw, former member of de North Carolina Senate (1995–2009) * Ilhan Omar, U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district (2019–present) === Athletes === * Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, former basketball player * Ahmad Rashad, former NFL player * Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, former basketball player * Shareef Abdur-Rahim, former basketball player * Muhammad Ali, former professional boxer * Rubin Carter, former professional boxer * Shaquille O'Neal, former basketball player * Ibtihaj Muhammad, Olympian Professional Fencer * Mike Tyson, former professional boxer * Gervonta Davis, professional boxer * Husain Abdullah, former professional NFL player * Rasheed Wallace, former basketball player * Jamaal Wilkes, former basketball player * Kyrie Irving, professional basketball player * Jaylen Brown, professional basketball player * Ameer Abdullah, professional football player * Dominique Easley, professional football player * Muhammad Wilkerson, professional football player * Mohammed Sanu, professional football player * Hamza Abdullah, former professional football player * Husain Abdullah, former professional football player * Az-Zahir Hakim, former professional football player den coach * Ryan Harris, former professional football player * Abdul Hodge, former professional football player * Ephraim Salaam, former professional football player * Sharrieff Shah, football coach === Musicians === * Ali Shaheed Muhammad, DJ den producer * Ahmad Jamal, jazz pianist * [[Akon]], singer * AR-Ab, rapper * Art Blakey, jazz drummer * Bas, rapper * Beanie Sigel, rapper * B.G. Knocc Out, rapper * Buckshot, rapper * Busta Rhymes, rapper * Dave East, rapper * Divine Styler, rapper * E.D.I. Mean, rapper * Freddie Gibbs, rapper * Freeway, rapper * Ghostface Killah, rapper * Ice Cube, rapper den actor * Idris Muhammad, musician * Idrees Sulieman, jazz trumpeter * Jay Electronica, rapper * Jermaine Jackson, singer-songwriter * Joe Tex, singer den musician * Kevin Gates, rapper * King Von, rapper * Lil Durk, rapper * Lupe Fiasco, rapper * MC Ren, rapper * MF DOOM, rapper * Moneybagg Yo, rapper * Mos Def, rapper * Napoleon, rapper * PnB Rock, rapper * Q-Tip, rapper * Pop Smoke, rapper * Raekwon, rapper * Rhymefest, rapper * Robert "Kool" Bell, musician * Sahib Shihab, jazz musician * Sean Price, rapper * Sheck Wes, rapper * Shy Glizzy, rapper * Swizz Beatz, producer * SZA, singer den songwriter * The Jacka, rapper * T-Pain, singer * Westside Gunn, rapper * Yusuf Lateef, musician * Quando Rondo, rapper * NLE Choppa, rapper * Kay Flock, rapper === Entertainment === * [[Iman (model)|Iman]], fashion model den actress * Dave Chappelle, comedian * Mahershala Ali, actor * Halima Aden, fashion model * Barkhad Abdi, actor * Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, actor * Felonious Munk, comedian === Religion === * Siraj Wahhaj * Warith Deen Muhammad * Khalid Abdul Muhammad === Oda === * Yusuf Bey, entrepreneur * Larry Hoover, former gang leader * Jeff Fort, former gang leader == References == [[Category:African-American Muslims| ]] [[Category:African-American Islam]] [[Category:Ethnoreligious groups insyd de United States]] [[Category:Muslim ethnoreligious groups]] <references /> == Read further == * Naqvi, S. Kaazim. ''Chicago Muslims and the Transformation of American Islam: Immigrants, African Americans, and the Building of the American Ummah'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2019). {{Authority control}} pg95f2rculomk138fcx11p9fyrmhaz5 Macky Sall 0 17376 70025 63798 2025-07-10T13:51:32Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macky Sall''' (French pronunciation: [maki sal], Wolof: ''Maki Sàll'', Pulaar: 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, <small>romanized:</small> ''Maki Sal''; born 11 December 1961<ref name=Off>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |title=Official Senegalese government page for Sall |year=2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |language=fr |archive-date=27 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327062739/http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>) be a Senegalese politician wey serve as de fourth presido of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously serve as de eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under Presido Abdoulaye Wade den president of de National Assembly from 2007 to 2008.<ref name=Anciens>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |title=Les anciens présidents de l'Assemblée nationale |trans-title=Former Presidents of the National Assembly |publisher=Senegalese government website |language=fr |access-date=23 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116014948/http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |archive-date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sall serve as de Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 wey na he san hold dat post from 2009 to 2012. He be a long-time member of de Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict plus Wade, na dem komot am from ein post as Presido of de National Assembly insyd November 2008; na he consequently found ein own party name de Alliance for the Republic (APR) wey na he join de opposition. Placing second insyd de first round of de 2012 presidential election, na he win de backing of oda opposition candidates wey he prevail over Wade insyd de second round of voting, dem hold on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|publisher=BBC News|title=Senegal's President-elect Macky Sall hails 'new era'|date=26 March 2012|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123205839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|url-status=live}}</ref> He be de first presido dem born after Senegalese independence from [[France]]. Under Sall ein leadership, na dem plete significant infrastructure projects, wey dey include a new airport den town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, den a road link to [[Mali]]. Thru out ein tenure, na der be a steady growth insyd de country ein economy, plus de annual GDP increase from $17 billion to $27 billion. Internationally, na he earn praise for ein diplomatic efforts, dey advocate for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, den dey condemn military coups. He contribute to resolving conflicts insyd de country ein Casamance region wey na he play a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring [[The Gambia|Gambia]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-04|title=President Macky Sall rules out third-term re-election bid, spelling relief for tense Senegal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230704-macky-sall-rules-out-re-election-bid-spelling-relief-for-tense-senegal|access-date=2024-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> At home, na Sall stir controversy for undemocratic maneuvers, wey dey include repressing de political opposition insyd Senegal den attempting a self-coup, wich spark de 2023–2024 Senegalese protests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Senegal’s Remarkable Win for Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/senegals-remarkable-win-for-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=The Demise of Senegalese Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/the-demise-of-senegalese-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yates|first=Douglas|date=2024-02-07|title=Macky Sall throws Senegal’s democratic credentials into doubt|url=https://theconversation.com/macky-sall-throws-senegals-democratic-credentials-into-doubt-222923|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toto|first=Elodie|date=2024-12-12|title=How Macky Sall Provoked a Constitutional Crisis in Senegal|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/01/senegal-election-macky-sall-sonko-faye-constitutional-coup/|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Na Sall be one of five kiddies dem born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, wey na he be a state worker den then a caretaker den Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3">{{Cite web|title=Sénégal : Macky Sall, monsieur le président ?|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191670/politique/s-n-gal-macky-sall-monsieur-le-pr-sident/|access-date=2025-07-10|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na dem raise am insyd Fatick den Futa Tooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Na Sall ein poppie be a member of de Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), buh, at de high school insyd Kaolack, na Sall associate plus de Maoists at de encouragement of ein brother-in-law. During ein studies at de [[Cheikh Anta Diop University|University of Dakar]] na he be involved insyd de Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf, wey Landing Savané lead. Na he soon lef And-Jëf, since na he no dey agree plus de ideas of de movement anaa Savané ein use of a boycott strategy against de PS insyd de 1983 election, insyd wich Sall vote for de liberal Abdoulaye Wade, as na he san do insyd 1988.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3" /> Na Sall be trained as a geological engineer<ref name="Anciens" /> at de Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of de University of Dakar den then at de French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) ein National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) insyd Paris. He be a member of multiple national den international associations of geologists den geological engineers. He meet ein wifey Mariéme Faye Sall insyd 1992 wen na she be a high school student insyd de city of Diourbel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rémi Cayarol|date=26 March 2012|title=Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145235/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|archive-date=22 September 2017|access-date=22 September 2017|publisher=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == edg1i95vnpqtf4h3ray39jqsgxvwjca 70028 70025 2025-07-10T14:04:18Z DaSupremo 9 /* Political views */ Improve article 70028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macky Sall''' (French pronunciation: [maki sal], Wolof: ''Maki Sàll'', Pulaar: 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, <small>romanized:</small> ''Maki Sal''; born 11 December 1961<ref name=Off>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |title=Official Senegalese government page for Sall |year=2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |language=fr |archive-date=27 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327062739/http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>) be a Senegalese politician wey serve as de fourth presido of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously serve as de eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under Presido Abdoulaye Wade den president of de National Assembly from 2007 to 2008.<ref name=Anciens>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |title=Les anciens présidents de l'Assemblée nationale |trans-title=Former Presidents of the National Assembly |publisher=Senegalese government website |language=fr |access-date=23 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116014948/http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |archive-date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sall serve as de Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 wey na he san hold dat post from 2009 to 2012. He be a long-time member of de Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict plus Wade, na dem komot am from ein post as Presido of de National Assembly insyd November 2008; na he consequently found ein own party name de Alliance for the Republic (APR) wey na he join de opposition. Placing second insyd de first round of de 2012 presidential election, na he win de backing of oda opposition candidates wey he prevail over Wade insyd de second round of voting, dem hold on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|publisher=BBC News|title=Senegal's President-elect Macky Sall hails 'new era'|date=26 March 2012|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123205839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|url-status=live}}</ref> He be de first presido dem born after Senegalese independence from [[France]]. Under Sall ein leadership, na dem plete significant infrastructure projects, wey dey include a new airport den town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, den a road link to [[Mali]]. Thru out ein tenure, na der be a steady growth insyd de country ein economy, plus de annual GDP increase from $17 billion to $27 billion. Internationally, na he earn praise for ein diplomatic efforts, dey advocate for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, den dey condemn military coups. He contribute to resolving conflicts insyd de country ein Casamance region wey na he play a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring [[The Gambia|Gambia]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-04|title=President Macky Sall rules out third-term re-election bid, spelling relief for tense Senegal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230704-macky-sall-rules-out-re-election-bid-spelling-relief-for-tense-senegal|access-date=2024-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> At home, na Sall stir controversy for undemocratic maneuvers, wey dey include repressing de political opposition insyd Senegal den attempting a self-coup, wich spark de 2023–2024 Senegalese protests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Senegal’s Remarkable Win for Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/senegals-remarkable-win-for-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=The Demise of Senegalese Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/the-demise-of-senegalese-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yates|first=Douglas|date=2024-02-07|title=Macky Sall throws Senegal’s democratic credentials into doubt|url=https://theconversation.com/macky-sall-throws-senegals-democratic-credentials-into-doubt-222923|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toto|first=Elodie|date=2024-12-12|title=How Macky Sall Provoked a Constitutional Crisis in Senegal|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/01/senegal-election-macky-sall-sonko-faye-constitutional-coup/|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Na Sall be one of five kiddies dem born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, wey na he be a state worker den then a caretaker den Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3">{{Cite web|title=Sénégal : Macky Sall, monsieur le président ?|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191670/politique/s-n-gal-macky-sall-monsieur-le-pr-sident/|access-date=2025-07-10|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na dem raise am insyd Fatick den Futa Tooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Na Sall ein poppie be a member of de Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), buh, at de high school insyd Kaolack, na Sall associate plus de Maoists at de encouragement of ein brother-in-law. During ein studies at de [[Cheikh Anta Diop University|University of Dakar]] na he be involved insyd de Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf, wey Landing Savané lead. Na he soon lef And-Jëf, since na he no dey agree plus de ideas of de movement anaa Savané ein use of a boycott strategy against de PS insyd de 1983 election, insyd wich Sall vote for de liberal Abdoulaye Wade, as na he san do insyd 1988.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3" /> Na Sall be trained as a geological engineer<ref name="Anciens" /> at de Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of de University of Dakar den then at de French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) ein National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) insyd Paris. He be a member of multiple national den international associations of geologists den geological engineers. He meet ein wifey Mariéme Faye Sall insyd 1992 wen na she be a high school student insyd de city of Diourbel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rémi Cayarol|date=26 March 2012|title=Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145235/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|archive-date=22 September 2017|access-date=22 September 2017|publisher=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}</ref> ==Political views== ===Foreign policy=== Insyd 2015, na Sall decide make he dispatch 2,100 Senegalese troops make dem join de Saudi Arabian-led intervention insyd Yemen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-04 |title=Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |access-date=2023-05-17 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |url-status=live }}</ref> Na e initially no be clear wer de Senegalese forces go be deployed den to wat purpose. Na dem see dis as a move to foster closer Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tharoor |first=Ishaan |date=2021-12-01 |title=Why Senegal is sending troops to help Saudi Arabia in Yemen |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809152515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Insyd January 2017, na Sall send Senegalese troops make dem participate insyd de ECOWAS military intervention insyd the Gambia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|title=Gambia crisis: Senegal sends in troops to back elected leader|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2017|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102171928/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2017|title=The Gambia thanks Senegal's Macky Sall for post-election intervention|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818174731/https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> Senegal under Sall take a neutral approach to de 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, abstaining from chaw [[United Nations]] resolutions wey dey concern am. Na he meet plus both Russian Presido Vladimir Putin insyd Moscow den Ukrainian Presido Volodymyr Zelenskyy insyd Kyiv.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal president says he will visit Moscow and Kyiv in coming weeks|url=https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214954/https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Insyd August 2023, Sall announce ein troops go join any ECOWAS intervention insyd [[Niger]], insyd de context of de 2023 Nigerien crisis.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2023|title=Senegal says its troops will join any ECOWAS intervention in Niger|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818175316/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> World leaders wey na dem meet Macky Sall insyd Senegal include former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Dr Mahathir holds talks with Senegalese president in Dakar|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831132712/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|archive-date=31 August 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|website=New Straits Times}}</ref> Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 1970|title=Prime Minister concludes productive visit to Senegal|url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212215645/https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Prime Minister of Canada}}</ref> former U.S Presido Barack Obama,<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Obama in Africa: Senegal|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214073950/https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|archive-date=14 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> den former presido of France François Hollande.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-10-12|title=François Hollande praises Senegal in first Africa visit|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|access-date=2023-05-17|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == 28zjybuyit2kb0yei1uh11oosb74td0 70031 70028 2025-07-10T14:09:19Z DaSupremo 9 /* Ein life matter */ Improve article 70031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macky Sall''' (French pronunciation: [maki sal], Wolof: ''Maki Sàll'', Pulaar: 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, <small>romanized:</small> ''Maki Sal''; born 11 December 1961<ref name=Off>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |title=Official Senegalese government page for Sall |year=2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |language=fr |archive-date=27 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327062739/http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>) be a Senegalese politician wey serve as de fourth presido of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously serve as de eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under Presido Abdoulaye Wade den president of de National Assembly from 2007 to 2008.<ref name=Anciens>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |title=Les anciens présidents de l'Assemblée nationale |trans-title=Former Presidents of the National Assembly |publisher=Senegalese government website |language=fr |access-date=23 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116014948/http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |archive-date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sall serve as de Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 wey na he san hold dat post from 2009 to 2012. He be a long-time member of de Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict plus Wade, na dem komot am from ein post as Presido of de National Assembly insyd November 2008; na he consequently found ein own party name de Alliance for the Republic (APR) wey na he join de opposition. Placing second insyd de first round of de 2012 presidential election, na he win de backing of oda opposition candidates wey he prevail over Wade insyd de second round of voting, dem hold on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|publisher=BBC News|title=Senegal's President-elect Macky Sall hails 'new era'|date=26 March 2012|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123205839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|url-status=live}}</ref> He be de first presido dem born after Senegalese independence from [[France]]. Under Sall ein leadership, na dem plete significant infrastructure projects, wey dey include a new airport den town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, den a road link to [[Mali]]. Thru out ein tenure, na der be a steady growth insyd de country ein economy, plus de annual GDP increase from $17 billion to $27 billion. Internationally, na he earn praise for ein diplomatic efforts, dey advocate for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, den dey condemn military coups. He contribute to resolving conflicts insyd de country ein Casamance region wey na he play a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring [[The Gambia|Gambia]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-04|title=President Macky Sall rules out third-term re-election bid, spelling relief for tense Senegal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230704-macky-sall-rules-out-re-election-bid-spelling-relief-for-tense-senegal|access-date=2024-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> At home, na Sall stir controversy for undemocratic maneuvers, wey dey include repressing de political opposition insyd Senegal den attempting a self-coup, wich spark de 2023–2024 Senegalese protests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Senegal’s Remarkable Win for Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/senegals-remarkable-win-for-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=The Demise of Senegalese Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/the-demise-of-senegalese-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yates|first=Douglas|date=2024-02-07|title=Macky Sall throws Senegal’s democratic credentials into doubt|url=https://theconversation.com/macky-sall-throws-senegals-democratic-credentials-into-doubt-222923|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toto|first=Elodie|date=2024-12-12|title=How Macky Sall Provoked a Constitutional Crisis in Senegal|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/01/senegal-election-macky-sall-sonko-faye-constitutional-coup/|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Na Sall be one of five kiddies dem born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, wey na he be a state worker den then a caretaker den Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3">{{Cite web|title=Sénégal : Macky Sall, monsieur le président ?|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191670/politique/s-n-gal-macky-sall-monsieur-le-pr-sident/|access-date=2025-07-10|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na dem raise am insyd Fatick den Futa Tooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Na Sall ein poppie be a member of de Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), buh, at de high school insyd Kaolack, na Sall associate plus de Maoists at de encouragement of ein brother-in-law. During ein studies at de [[Cheikh Anta Diop University|University of Dakar]] na he be involved insyd de Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf, wey Landing Savané lead. Na he soon lef And-Jëf, since na he no dey agree plus de ideas of de movement anaa Savané ein use of a boycott strategy against de PS insyd de 1983 election, insyd wich Sall vote for de liberal Abdoulaye Wade, as na he san do insyd 1988.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3" /> Na Sall be trained as a geological engineer<ref name="Anciens" /> at de Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of de University of Dakar den then at de French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) ein National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) insyd Paris. He be a member of multiple national den international associations of geologists den geological engineers. He meet ein wifey Mariéme Faye Sall insyd 1992 wen na she be a high school student insyd de city of Diourbel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rémi Cayarol|date=26 March 2012|title=Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145235/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|archive-date=22 September 2017|access-date=22 September 2017|publisher=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}</ref> ==Political views== ===Foreign policy=== Insyd 2015, na Sall decide make he dispatch 2,100 Senegalese troops make dem join de Saudi Arabian-led intervention insyd Yemen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-04 |title=Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |access-date=2023-05-17 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |url-status=live }}</ref> Na e initially no be clear wer de Senegalese forces go be deployed den to wat purpose. Na dem see dis as a move to foster closer Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tharoor |first=Ishaan |date=2021-12-01 |title=Why Senegal is sending troops to help Saudi Arabia in Yemen |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809152515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Insyd January 2017, na Sall send Senegalese troops make dem participate insyd de ECOWAS military intervention insyd the Gambia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|title=Gambia crisis: Senegal sends in troops to back elected leader|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2017|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102171928/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2017|title=The Gambia thanks Senegal's Macky Sall for post-election intervention|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818174731/https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> Senegal under Sall take a neutral approach to de 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, abstaining from chaw [[United Nations]] resolutions wey dey concern am. Na he meet plus both Russian Presido Vladimir Putin insyd Moscow den Ukrainian Presido Volodymyr Zelenskyy insyd Kyiv.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal president says he will visit Moscow and Kyiv in coming weeks|url=https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214954/https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Insyd August 2023, Sall announce ein troops go join any ECOWAS intervention insyd [[Niger]], insyd de context of de 2023 Nigerien crisis.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2023|title=Senegal says its troops will join any ECOWAS intervention in Niger|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818175316/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> World leaders wey na dem meet Macky Sall insyd Senegal include former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Dr Mahathir holds talks with Senegalese president in Dakar|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831132712/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|archive-date=31 August 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|website=New Straits Times}}</ref> Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 1970|title=Prime Minister concludes productive visit to Senegal|url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212215645/https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Prime Minister of Canada}}</ref> former U.S Presido Barack Obama,<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Obama in Africa: Senegal|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214073950/https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|archive-date=14 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> den former presido of France François Hollande.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-10-12|title=François Hollande praises Senegal in first Africa visit|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|access-date=2023-05-17|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ein life matter== Sall marry Marème Faye Sall wey dem get three kiddies; two sons den one daughter.<ref name="presidence"/> He be a polyglot, he be able make he speak five languages; three local languages (Pulaar, Wolof den Serer) den two European languages (French den English).<ref name="presidence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|title=Biography of Macky Sall, President of the Republic of Senegal|website=www.presidence.sn|accessdate=14 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212213343/https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> Sall be a Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal's President Recounts His "constructive conversation with Pope Francis"|url=https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214416/https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=ACI Africa}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == i2blaadz4xd5a3nfszhc39j705ce33n 70123 70031 2025-07-10T16:29:07Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honors */ Improve article 70123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macky Sall''' (French pronunciation: [maki sal], Wolof: ''Maki Sàll'', Pulaar: 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, <small>romanized:</small> ''Maki Sal''; born 11 December 1961<ref name=Off>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |title=Official Senegalese government page for Sall |year=2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |language=fr |archive-date=27 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327062739/http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>) be a Senegalese politician wey serve as de fourth presido of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously serve as de eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under Presido Abdoulaye Wade den president of de National Assembly from 2007 to 2008.<ref name=Anciens>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |title=Les anciens présidents de l'Assemblée nationale |trans-title=Former Presidents of the National Assembly |publisher=Senegalese government website |language=fr |access-date=23 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116014948/http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |archive-date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sall serve as de Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 wey na he san hold dat post from 2009 to 2012. He be a long-time member of de Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict plus Wade, na dem komot am from ein post as Presido of de National Assembly insyd November 2008; na he consequently found ein own party name de Alliance for the Republic (APR) wey na he join de opposition. Placing second insyd de first round of de 2012 presidential election, na he win de backing of oda opposition candidates wey he prevail over Wade insyd de second round of voting, dem hold on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|publisher=BBC News|title=Senegal's President-elect Macky Sall hails 'new era'|date=26 March 2012|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123205839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|url-status=live}}</ref> He be de first presido dem born after Senegalese independence from [[France]]. Under Sall ein leadership, na dem plete significant infrastructure projects, wey dey include a new airport den town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, den a road link to [[Mali]]. Thru out ein tenure, na der be a steady growth insyd de country ein economy, plus de annual GDP increase from $17 billion to $27 billion. Internationally, na he earn praise for ein diplomatic efforts, dey advocate for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, den dey condemn military coups. He contribute to resolving conflicts insyd de country ein Casamance region wey na he play a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring [[The Gambia|Gambia]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-04|title=President Macky Sall rules out third-term re-election bid, spelling relief for tense Senegal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230704-macky-sall-rules-out-re-election-bid-spelling-relief-for-tense-senegal|access-date=2024-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> At home, na Sall stir controversy for undemocratic maneuvers, wey dey include repressing de political opposition insyd Senegal den attempting a self-coup, wich spark de 2023–2024 Senegalese protests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Senegal’s Remarkable Win for Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/senegals-remarkable-win-for-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=The Demise of Senegalese Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/the-demise-of-senegalese-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yates|first=Douglas|date=2024-02-07|title=Macky Sall throws Senegal’s democratic credentials into doubt|url=https://theconversation.com/macky-sall-throws-senegals-democratic-credentials-into-doubt-222923|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toto|first=Elodie|date=2024-12-12|title=How Macky Sall Provoked a Constitutional Crisis in Senegal|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/01/senegal-election-macky-sall-sonko-faye-constitutional-coup/|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Na Sall be one of five kiddies dem born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, wey na he be a state worker den then a caretaker den Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3">{{Cite web|title=Sénégal : Macky Sall, monsieur le président ?|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191670/politique/s-n-gal-macky-sall-monsieur-le-pr-sident/|access-date=2025-07-10|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na dem raise am insyd Fatick den Futa Tooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Na Sall ein poppie be a member of de Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), buh, at de high school insyd Kaolack, na Sall associate plus de Maoists at de encouragement of ein brother-in-law. During ein studies at de [[Cheikh Anta Diop University|University of Dakar]] na he be involved insyd de Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf, wey Landing Savané lead. Na he soon lef And-Jëf, since na he no dey agree plus de ideas of de movement anaa Savané ein use of a boycott strategy against de PS insyd de 1983 election, insyd wich Sall vote for de liberal Abdoulaye Wade, as na he san do insyd 1988.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3" /> Na Sall be trained as a geological engineer<ref name="Anciens" /> at de Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of de University of Dakar den then at de French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) ein National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) insyd Paris. He be a member of multiple national den international associations of geologists den geological engineers. He meet ein wifey Mariéme Faye Sall insyd 1992 wen na she be a high school student insyd de city of Diourbel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rémi Cayarol|date=26 March 2012|title=Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145235/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|archive-date=22 September 2017|access-date=22 September 2017|publisher=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}</ref> ==Political views== ===Foreign policy=== Insyd 2015, na Sall decide make he dispatch 2,100 Senegalese troops make dem join de Saudi Arabian-led intervention insyd Yemen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-04 |title=Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |access-date=2023-05-17 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |url-status=live }}</ref> Na e initially no be clear wer de Senegalese forces go be deployed den to wat purpose. Na dem see dis as a move to foster closer Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tharoor |first=Ishaan |date=2021-12-01 |title=Why Senegal is sending troops to help Saudi Arabia in Yemen |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809152515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Insyd January 2017, na Sall send Senegalese troops make dem participate insyd de ECOWAS military intervention insyd the Gambia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|title=Gambia crisis: Senegal sends in troops to back elected leader|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2017|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102171928/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2017|title=The Gambia thanks Senegal's Macky Sall for post-election intervention|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818174731/https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> Senegal under Sall take a neutral approach to de 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, abstaining from chaw [[United Nations]] resolutions wey dey concern am. Na he meet plus both Russian Presido Vladimir Putin insyd Moscow den Ukrainian Presido Volodymyr Zelenskyy insyd Kyiv.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal president says he will visit Moscow and Kyiv in coming weeks|url=https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214954/https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Insyd August 2023, Sall announce ein troops go join any ECOWAS intervention insyd [[Niger]], insyd de context of de 2023 Nigerien crisis.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2023|title=Senegal says its troops will join any ECOWAS intervention in Niger|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818175316/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> World leaders wey na dem meet Macky Sall insyd Senegal include former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Dr Mahathir holds talks with Senegalese president in Dakar|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831132712/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|archive-date=31 August 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|website=New Straits Times}}</ref> Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 1970|title=Prime Minister concludes productive visit to Senegal|url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212215645/https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Prime Minister of Canada}}</ref> former U.S Presido Barack Obama,<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Obama in Africa: Senegal|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214073950/https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|archive-date=14 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> den former presido of France François Hollande.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-10-12|title=François Hollande praises Senegal in first Africa visit|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|access-date=2023-05-17|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ein life matter== Sall marry Marème Faye Sall wey dem get three kiddies; two sons den one daughter.<ref name="presidence"/> He be a polyglot, he be able make he speak five languages; three local languages (Pulaar, Wolof den Serer) den two European languages (French den English).<ref name="presidence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|title=Biography of Macky Sall, President of the Republic of Senegal|website=www.presidence.sn|accessdate=14 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212213343/https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> Sall be a Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal's President Recounts His "constructive conversation with Pope Francis"|url=https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214416/https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=ACI Africa}}</ref> ==Honors== ===National Honours=== *Senegal: **[[File:SEN Order of the Lion - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Master (den Grand Cross) of de National Order of the Lion **[[File:Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar.png|70px]] Grand Master (den Grand Cross) of de National Order of Merit ===Foreign Honours=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- ! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Country !! Honour |- | [[File:BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR.png|BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR|70px]] || Benin || Grand Cross of de National Order of Benin |- | [[File:Amílcar Cabral Order - 1st Class (Cabo Verde).png|Amílcar Cabral Order - 1st Class (Cabo Verde)|70px]] || Cape Verde || Grand Cross of Amílcar Cabral Order |- | [[File:Legion Honneur GO ribbon.svg|Legion Honneur GO ribbon|70px]] || France || Grand Officier National Order of Legion of Honour |- | [[File:GAM Order of the Republic of the Gambia ribbon.svg|70px]] || Gambia || Honorary Grand Commander of de Order of the Republic of The Gambia |- | [[File:Cote d'Ivoire Ordre national GC ribbon.svg|70px]] || Ivory Coast || Grand Cross of de National Order of the Ivory Coast |- | [[File:Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau ribbon.svg|70px]] || Luxembourg || Knight of de Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau |- | [[File:MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit.png|MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit|70px]] || Mauritania || Grand Cordon of de National Order of Merit (Mauritania) |- | [[File:Ribbon Wissam al Mohamadi Morocco.png|Ribbon for the Order of Sovereignty, Kingdom of Morocco|70px]] || Morocco || Grand Collar of de Order of Muhammad |- | [[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR.svg|PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR|70px]] || Portugal || Grand Collar of de Order of Prince Henry |- | [[File:Ordre de la Pléiade (Francophonie).gif|border|class=noviewer|70px]] || Quebec || Grand Cross of de Order of La Pléiade |- | [[File:Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png|70px]] || Saudi Arabia || Chain of de Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud |} == References == <references /> == External links == dwk5d1idqnwopjpjsp6okfzkjm5lw4l 70135 70123 2025-07-10T16:34:13Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macky Sall''' (French pronunciation: [maki sal], Wolof: ''Maki Sàll'', Pulaar: 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, <small>romanized:</small> ''Maki Sal''; born 11 December 1961<ref name=Off>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |title=Official Senegalese government page for Sall |year=2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |language=fr |archive-date=27 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327062739/http://www.gouv.sn/ministeres/primature/ministre.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>) be a Senegalese politician wey serve as de fourth presido of Senegal from 2012 to 2024. He previously serve as de eighth prime minister from 2004 to 2007, under Presido Abdoulaye Wade den president of de National Assembly from 2007 to 2008.<ref name=Anciens>{{cite news|url=http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |title=Les anciens présidents de l'Assemblée nationale |trans-title=Former Presidents of the National Assembly |publisher=Senegalese government website |language=fr |access-date=23 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116014948/http://www.gouv.sn/institutions/assemblee_anciens.html |archive-date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sall serve as de Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 wey na he san hold dat post from 2009 to 2012. He be a long-time member of de Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict plus Wade, na dem komot am from ein post as Presido of de National Assembly insyd November 2008; na he consequently found ein own party name de Alliance for the Republic (APR) wey na he join de opposition. Placing second insyd de first round of de 2012 presidential election, na he win de backing of oda opposition candidates wey he prevail over Wade insyd de second round of voting, dem hold on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|publisher=BBC News|title=Senegal's President-elect Macky Sall hails 'new era'|date=26 March 2012|access-date=25 March 2012|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123205839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17508098|url-status=live}}</ref> He be de first presido dem born after Senegalese independence from [[France]]. Under Sall ein leadership, na dem plete significant infrastructure projects, wey dey include a new airport den town near Dakar, highways, express trains, a national stadium, den a road link to [[Mali]]. Thru out ein tenure, na der be a steady growth insyd de country ein economy, plus de annual GDP increase from $17 billion to $27 billion. Internationally, na he earn praise for ein diplomatic efforts, dey advocate for African debt cancellation, bolstering anti-terrorism measures, den dey condemn military coups. He contribute to resolving conflicts insyd de country ein Casamance region wey na he play a crucial role in ousting dictator Yahya Jammeh in neighboring [[The Gambia|Gambia]] insyd 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-04|title=President Macky Sall rules out third-term re-election bid, spelling relief for tense Senegal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230704-macky-sall-rules-out-re-election-bid-spelling-relief-for-tense-senegal|access-date=2024-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> At home, na Sall stir controversy for undemocratic maneuvers, wey dey include repressing de political opposition insyd Senegal den attempting a self-coup, wich spark de 2023–2024 Senegalese protests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Senegal’s Remarkable Win for Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/senegals-remarkable-win-for-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=The Demise of Senegalese Democracy|url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/the-demise-of-senegalese-democracy/|website=Journal of Democracy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Yates|first=Douglas|date=2024-02-07|title=Macky Sall throws Senegal’s democratic credentials into doubt|url=https://theconversation.com/macky-sall-throws-senegals-democratic-credentials-into-doubt-222923|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toto|first=Elodie|date=2024-12-12|title=How Macky Sall Provoked a Constitutional Crisis in Senegal|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/01/senegal-election-macky-sall-sonko-faye-constitutional-coup/|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Na Sall be one of five kiddies dem born to Amadou Abdoul Sall, wey na he be a state worker den then a caretaker den Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3">{{Cite web|title=Sénégal : Macky Sall, monsieur le président ?|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191670/politique/s-n-gal-macky-sall-monsieur-le-pr-sident/|access-date=2025-07-10|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Na dem raise am insyd Fatick den Futa Tooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Na Sall ein poppie be a member of de Socialist Party of Senegal (PS), buh, at de high school insyd Kaolack, na Sall associate plus de Maoists at de encouragement of ein brother-in-law. During ein studies at de [[Cheikh Anta Diop University|University of Dakar]] na he be involved insyd de Marxist-Leninist movement, And-Jëf, wey Landing Savané lead. Na he soon lef And-Jëf, since na he no dey agree plus de ideas of de movement anaa Savané ein use of a boycott strategy against de PS insyd de 1983 election, insyd wich Sall vote for de liberal Abdoulaye Wade, as na he san do insyd 1988.<ref name="monsieurlepresident3" /> Na Sall be trained as a geological engineer<ref name="Anciens" /> at de Institute of Earth Sciences (IST) of de University of Dakar den then at de French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) ein National College of Petrol and Engines (ENSPM) insyd Paris. He be a member of multiple national den international associations of geologists den geological engineers. He meet ein wifey Mariéme Faye Sall insyd 1992 wen na she be a high school student insyd de city of Diourbel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rémi Cayarol|date=26 March 2012|title=Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145235/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/142394/politique/s-n-gal-mari-me-faye-sall-nouvelle-premi-re-dame/|archive-date=22 September 2017|access-date=22 September 2017|publisher=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}</ref> ==Political views== ===Foreign policy=== Insyd 2015, na Sall decide make he dispatch 2,100 Senegalese troops make dem join de Saudi Arabian-led intervention insyd Yemen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-04 |title=Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |access-date=2023-05-17 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 |url-status=live }}</ref> Na e initially no be clear wer de Senegalese forces go be deployed den to wat purpose. Na dem see dis as a move to foster closer Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tharoor |first=Ishaan |date=2021-12-01 |title=Why Senegal is sending troops to help Saudi Arabia in Yemen |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809152515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/05/05/why-senegal-is-sending-troops-to-help-saudi-arabia-in-yemen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Insyd January 2017, na Sall send Senegalese troops make dem participate insyd de ECOWAS military intervention insyd the Gambia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|title=Gambia crisis: Senegal sends in troops to back elected leader|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2017|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102171928/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38682184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2017|title=The Gambia thanks Senegal's Macky Sall for post-election intervention|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818174731/https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/07/the-gambia-thanks-senegal-s-macky-sall-for-post-election-intervention//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> Senegal under Sall take a neutral approach to de 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, abstaining from chaw [[United Nations]] resolutions wey dey concern am. Na he meet plus both Russian Presido Vladimir Putin insyd Moscow den Ukrainian Presido Volodymyr Zelenskyy insyd Kyiv.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal president says he will visit Moscow and Kyiv in coming weeks|url=https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214954/https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707384/amp|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Insyd August 2023, Sall announce ein troops go join any ECOWAS intervention insyd [[Niger]], insyd de context of de 2023 Nigerien crisis.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2023|title=Senegal says its troops will join any ECOWAS intervention in Niger|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818175316/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/03/senegal-says-its-troops-will-join-any-ecowas-intervention-in-niger//|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> World leaders wey na dem meet Macky Sall insyd Senegal include former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Dr Mahathir holds talks with Senegalese president in Dakar|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831132712/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/451459/dr-mahathir-holds-talks-senegalese-president-dakar|archive-date=31 August 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|website=New Straits Times}}</ref> Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 1970|title=Prime Minister concludes productive visit to Senegal|url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212215645/https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2020/02/13/prime-minister-concludes-productive-visit-senegal|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Prime Minister of Canada}}</ref> former U.S Presido Barack Obama,<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Obama in Africa: Senegal|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214073950/https://www.cfr.org/blog/president-obama-africa-senegal|archive-date=14 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> den former presido of France François Hollande.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-10-12|title=François Hollande praises Senegal in first Africa visit|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|access-date=2023-05-17|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/12/francois-holland-senegal-africa-visit|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ein life matter== Sall marry Marème Faye Sall wey dem get three kiddies; two sons den one daughter.<ref name="presidence"/> He be a polyglot, he be able make he speak five languages; three local languages (Pulaar, Wolof den Serer) den two European languages (French den English).<ref name="presidence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|title=Biography of Macky Sall, President of the Republic of Senegal|website=www.presidence.sn|accessdate=14 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212213343/https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> Sall be a Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senegal's President Recounts His "constructive conversation with Pope Francis"|url=https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212214416/https://www.aciafrica.org/news/1286/senegals-president-recounts-his-constructive-conversation-with-pope-francis|archive-date=12 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022|website=ACI Africa}}</ref> ==Honors== ===National Honours=== *Senegal: **[[File:SEN Order of the Lion - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Master (den Grand Cross) of de National Order of the Lion **[[File:Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar.png|70px]] Grand Master (den Grand Cross) of de National Order of Merit ===Foreign Honours=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- ! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Country !! Honour |- | [[File:BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR.png|BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR|70px]] || Benin || Grand Cross of de National Order of Benin |- | [[File:Amílcar Cabral Order - 1st Class (Cabo Verde).png|Amílcar Cabral Order - 1st Class (Cabo Verde)|70px]] || Cape Verde || Grand Cross of Amílcar Cabral Order |- | [[File:Legion Honneur GO ribbon.svg|Legion Honneur GO ribbon|70px]] || France || Grand Officier National Order of Legion of Honour |- | [[File:GAM Order of the Republic of the Gambia ribbon.svg|70px]] || Gambia || Honorary Grand Commander of de Order of the Republic of The Gambia |- | [[File:Cote d'Ivoire Ordre national GC ribbon.svg|70px]] || Ivory Coast || Grand Cross of de National Order of the Ivory Coast |- | [[File:Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau ribbon.svg|70px]] || Luxembourg || Knight of de Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau |- | [[File:MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit.png|MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit|70px]] || Mauritania || Grand Cordon of de National Order of Merit (Mauritania) |- | [[File:Ribbon Wissam al Mohamadi Morocco.png|Ribbon for the Order of Sovereignty, Kingdom of Morocco|70px]] || Morocco || Grand Collar of de Order of Muhammad |- | [[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR.svg|PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR|70px]] || Portugal || Grand Collar of de Order of Prince Henry |- | [[File:Ordre de la Pléiade (Francophonie).gif|border|class=noviewer|70px]] || Quebec || Grand Cross of de Order of La Pléiade |- | [[File:Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png|70px]] || Saudi Arabia || Chain of de Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud |} == References == <references /> ==External links== {{sister project links||d=Q57438|c=Category:Macky Sall|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sall, Macky}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Senegalese people]] [[Category:People wey komot Fatick region]] [[Category:Presidents of Senegal]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Senegal]] [[Category:Presidents of de National Assembly (Senegal)]] [[Category:Interior ministers of Senegal]] [[Category:21st-century mayors of places insyd Senegal]] [[Category:Chairpersons of de African Union]] [[Category:Alliance for the Republic (Senegal) politicians]] [[Category:Senegalese Democratic Party politicians]] [[Category:Fula people]] [[Category:Senegalese Muslims]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, den medals of Senegal]] [[Category:Cheikh Anta Diop University alumni]] [[Category:20th-century Senegalese people]] [[Category:21st-century Senegalese politicians]] pst6yzdehmkiu84pitc2792ttggr1oj Refugee camp 0 17377 70181 63711 2025-07-10T17:24:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A''' refugee camp''' be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/fema/displace.pdf |title=UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge," |website= fas.org |date=2012 |page=35}}</ref> Dem be usually built den run by a government, de [[United Nations]], international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/ng-interactive/2015/aug/10/migrant-life-in-calais-jungle-refugee-camp-a-photo-essay|title=Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay|first=Sean|last=Smith|date=10 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue. According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR Global Trends 2015|url=https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}</ref> Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Corsellis|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_om-tlDdv8C|title=Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations|last2=Vitale|first2=Antonella|publisher=Oxfam|year=2005|isbn=9780855985349|via=Google Books}}</ref> Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.<ref name="Miliband">{{cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/sector-system-reform-and-renewal-humanitarian-aid|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)}}</ref> == Facilities == De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be {{convert|45|sqm|sqft}} per person of de accessible camp area.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org">{{Cite web|title=UNHCR&#124; Emergency Handbook|url=https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/45582/camp-planning-standards-planned-settlements|website=emergency.unhcr.org}}</ref> Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:<ref name="MSF">{{Cite web|year=1997|title=Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations|url=http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127210625/http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2012|access-date=29 December 2022|website=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|publisher=Macmillan, Oxford|language=en}}</ref> * An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp. * Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m<sup>2</sup> of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2&nbsp;m apart. * Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> per person. * Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6&nbsp;m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender. * Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20&nbsp; L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households. * Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons. * Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons. * Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations. * Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp. * Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons. [[File:Market_stalls.jpg|right|thumb|Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.]] * Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org" /> Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get: * Cemeteries anaa crematoria * Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons. * Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter. * Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlister |first=Elizabeth |year=2013 |title=Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/28726-Original%20File.pdf |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11}}</ref> To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory|url=http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120725/http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|archive-date=6 October 2014|access-date=20 June 2013|work=astrium-geo.com}}</ref> den analyzed by GIS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003.|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317190015/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2023|access-date=28 April 2023|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM).|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623172310/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|archive-date=23 June 2023|access-date=10 November 2014|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref> == References == 1ttjyjm7yhzmb8ss0hnkyjx8lyb1xl1 70182 70181 2025-07-10T17:28:07Z DaSupremo 9 /* Food rations */ Improve article 70182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A''' refugee camp''' be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/fema/displace.pdf |title=UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge," |website= fas.org |date=2012 |page=35}}</ref> Dem be usually built den run by a government, de [[United Nations]], international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/ng-interactive/2015/aug/10/migrant-life-in-calais-jungle-refugee-camp-a-photo-essay|title=Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay|first=Sean|last=Smith|date=10 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue. According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR Global Trends 2015|url=https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}</ref> Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Corsellis|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_om-tlDdv8C|title=Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations|last2=Vitale|first2=Antonella|publisher=Oxfam|year=2005|isbn=9780855985349|via=Google Books}}</ref> Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.<ref name="Miliband">{{cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/sector-system-reform-and-renewal-humanitarian-aid|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)}}</ref> == Facilities == De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be {{convert|45|sqm|sqft}} per person of de accessible camp area.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org">{{Cite web|title=UNHCR&#124; Emergency Handbook|url=https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/45582/camp-planning-standards-planned-settlements|website=emergency.unhcr.org}}</ref> Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:<ref name="MSF">{{Cite web|year=1997|title=Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations|url=http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127210625/http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2012|access-date=29 December 2022|website=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|publisher=Macmillan, Oxford|language=en}}</ref> * An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp. * Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m<sup>2</sup> of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2&nbsp;m apart. * Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> per person. * Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6&nbsp;m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender. * Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20&nbsp; L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households. * Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons. * Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons. * Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations. * Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp. * Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons. [[File:Market_stalls.jpg|right|thumb|Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.]] * Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org" /> Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get: * Cemeteries anaa crematoria * Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons. * Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter. * Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlister |first=Elizabeth |year=2013 |title=Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/28726-Original%20File.pdf |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11}}</ref> To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory|url=http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120725/http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|archive-date=6 October 2014|access-date=20 June 2013|work=astrium-geo.com}}</ref> den analyzed by GIS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003.|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317190015/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2023|access-date=28 April 2023|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM).|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623172310/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|archive-date=23 June 2023|access-date=10 November 2014|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref> ==Food rations== De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be: * {{convert|9|oz|g|abbr=on}} whole grain (maize anaa sorghum) * {{convert|7|oz|g|abbr=on}} milled grain (wheat flour) * 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil * 1 teaspoon salt * 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils) Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers. == References == n6z166863syyb5n7ia9r5sdhwtblmir 70186 70182 2025-07-10T17:35:51Z DaSupremo 9 /* Refugee camps by country den population */ Improve article 70186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A''' refugee camp''' be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/fema/displace.pdf |title=UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge," |website= fas.org |date=2012 |page=35}}</ref> Dem be usually built den run by a government, de [[United Nations]], international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/ng-interactive/2015/aug/10/migrant-life-in-calais-jungle-refugee-camp-a-photo-essay|title=Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay|first=Sean|last=Smith|date=10 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue. According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR Global Trends 2015|url=https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}</ref> Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Corsellis|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_om-tlDdv8C|title=Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations|last2=Vitale|first2=Antonella|publisher=Oxfam|year=2005|isbn=9780855985349|via=Google Books}}</ref> Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.<ref name="Miliband">{{cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/sector-system-reform-and-renewal-humanitarian-aid|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)}}</ref> == Facilities == De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be {{convert|45|sqm|sqft}} per person of de accessible camp area.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org">{{Cite web|title=UNHCR&#124; Emergency Handbook|url=https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/45582/camp-planning-standards-planned-settlements|website=emergency.unhcr.org}}</ref> Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:<ref name="MSF">{{Cite web|year=1997|title=Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations|url=http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127210625/http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2012|access-date=29 December 2022|website=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|publisher=Macmillan, Oxford|language=en}}</ref> * An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp. * Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m<sup>2</sup> of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2&nbsp;m apart. * Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> per person. * Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6&nbsp;m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender. * Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20&nbsp; L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households. * Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons. * Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons. * Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations. * Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp. * Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons. [[File:Market_stalls.jpg|right|thumb|Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.]] * Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org" /> Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get: * Cemeteries anaa crematoria * Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons. * Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter. * Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlister |first=Elizabeth |year=2013 |title=Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/28726-Original%20File.pdf |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11}}</ref> To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory|url=http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120725/http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|archive-date=6 October 2014|access-date=20 June 2013|work=astrium-geo.com}}</ref> den analyzed by GIS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003.|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317190015/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2023|access-date=28 April 2023|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM).|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623172310/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|archive-date=23 June 2023|access-date=10 November 2014|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref> ==Food rations== De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be: * {{convert|9|oz|g|abbr=on}} whole grain (maize anaa sorghum) * {{convert|7|oz|g|abbr=on}} milled grain (wheat flour) * 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil * 1 teaspoon salt * 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils) Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers. ==Refugee camps by country den population== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |+ style="text-align: left;" | Populations of concern to UNHCR insyd refugee camps between 2006 den 2014 |- ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| Country ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| Camp ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2006/annextables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2006 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303123947/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2006/annextables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2007<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2007/annextables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2007 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225233002/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2007/annextables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2008/08-TPOC-TB_v5_external_PW.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2008 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224152802/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2008/08-TPOC-TB_v5_external_PW.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2009/2009-Statistical-Yearbook-Annex-Tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2009 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224164957/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2009/2009-Statistical-Yearbook-Annex-Tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2010/2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2010 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032051/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2010/2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2011/2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2011 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225133154/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2011/2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2012/2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2012 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064303/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2012/2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2013/annex_tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2013 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042226/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2013/annex_tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/statisticalyearbook/2014-annex-tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2014 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710205726/http://www.unhcr.org/statisticalyearbook/2014-annex-tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | Chad || Am Nabak || 16,504 || 16,701 || 16,696 || 17,402 || 18,087 || 20,395 || 23,611 || 24,513 || 25,553 |- | Chad || Amboko || 12,062 || 12,002 || 12,057 || 11,671 || 11,111 || 11,627 || 11,297 || 10,719 || 11,819 |- | Kenya || Dagahaley, Dadaab|| 39,526 || 39,626 || 65,581 || 93,179 || 93,470 || 122,214 || 121,127 || 104,565 || 88,486 |- | Chad || Djabal || 15,162 || 15,602 || 17,153 || 15,693 || 17,200 || 18,083 || 18,890 || 19,635 || 20,809 |- | Yemen || Al Kharaz || 9,298 || 9,491 || 11,394 || 16,466 || 14,100 || 16,904 || 19,047 || 16,816 || 16,500 |- | Chad || Breidjing || 28,932 || 30,077 || 32,669 || 32,559 || 34,465 || 35,938 || 37,494 || 39,797 || 41,146 |- | Malawi || Dzaleka || 4,950 || 8,690 || 9,425 || 10,275 || 12,819 || 16,853 || 16,664 || 16,935 || 5,874 |- | Chad || Farchana || 18,947 || 19,815 || 21,183 || 20,915 || 21,983 || 23,323 || 24,419 || 26,292 || 27,548 |- | Kenya || Hagadera, Dadaab|| 59,185 || 70,412 || 90,403 || 83,518 || 101,506 || 137,528 || 139,483 || 114,729 || 106,968 |- | Sudan || Girba || 8,996 || 9,081 || 5,120 || 5,645 || 5,592 || 5,570 || 6,252 || 6,295 || 6,306 |- | Chad || Gondje || 12,624 || 12,664 || 12,700 || 11,184 || 9,586 || 10,006 || 11,717 || 11,349 || 12,138 |- | Kenya || Ifo, Dadaab|| 54,157 || 61,832 || 79,469 || 79,424 || 97,610 || 118,972 || 98,294 || 99,761 || 83,750 |- | Chad || Iridimi || 17,380 || 18,269 || 19,531 || 18,154 || 18,859 || 21,329 || 21,083 || 21,976 || 22,908 |- | Kenya || Kakuma|| 90,457 || 62,497 || 53,068 || 64,791 || 69,822 || 85,862 || 107,205 || 128,540 || 153,959 |- | Sudan || Kilo 26 || 11,423 || 12,690 || 7,133 || 7,610 || 7,608 || 7,634 || 8,310 || 8,303 || 8,391 |- | Chad || Kounoungou || 13,315 || 13,500 || 18,514 || 16,237 || 16,927 || 18,251 || 19,143 || 20,876 || 21,960 |- | Bangladesh ||Kutapalong || 10,144 || 10,708 || 11,047 || 11,251 || 11,469 || 11,706 || 12,404 || 12,626 || 13,176 |- | Thailand || Mae La || 46,148 || 38,130 || 32,862 || 30,073 || 29,188 || 27,629 || 26,690 || 25,156 || 46,978 |- | Thailand || Mae La Oon || 14,366 || 13,450 || 13,478 || 13,811 || 11,991 || 10,204 || 9,611 || 8,675 || 12,245 |- | Thailand || Mae Ra Ma Luang || 12,840 || 11,578 || 11,304 || 13,571 || 11,749 || 10,269 || 9,414 || 8,421 || 13,825 |- | Chad || Mile || 15,557 || 16,202 || 17,476 || 14,221 || 17,382 || 18,853 || 19,823 || 20,818 || 21,723 |- | Bangladesh || Nayapara || 16,010 || 16,679 || 17,076 || 17,091 || 17,547 || 17,729 || 18,066 || 18,288 || 19,179 |- | Thailand || Nu Po || 13,131 || 13,377 || 11,113 || 9,800 || 9,262 || 15,982 || 15,715 || 7,927 || 13,372 |- | Tanzania || Nyarugusu || 52,713 || 50,841 || 49,628 || 62,184 || 62,726 || 63,551 || 68,132 || 68,888 || 57,267 |- | Chad || Oure Cassoni || 26,786 || 28,035 || 28,430 || 31,189 || 32,206 || 36,168 || 33,267 || 35,415 || 36,466 |- | Ethiopia || Shimelba || 13,043 || 16,057 || 10,648 || 10,135 || 9,187 || 8,295 || 6,033 || 5,885 || 6,106 |- | India || Tamil Nadu || 69,609|| 72,934 || 73,286 || 72,883 || 69,998 || 68,152 || 67,165 || 65,674 || 65,057 |- | Chad || Touloum || 22,358 || 23,131 || 24,935 || 26,532 || 24,500 || 27,588 || 27,940 || 28,501 || 29,683 |- | Chad || Treguine || 14,921 || 15,718 || 17,260 || 17,000 || 17,820 || 19,099 || 19,957 || 20,990 || 21,801 |- | Sudan || Um Gargur || 9,845 || 10,104 || 8,180 || 8,715 || 8,641 || 8,550 || 8,947 || 10,172 || 10,269 |- | Thailand || Um Pium || 19,464 || 19,397 || 14,051 || 12,494 || 11,742 || 11,017 || 10,581 || 9,816 || 16,109 |- | Sudan || Wad Sherife || 33,371 || 36,429 || 13,636 || 15,626 || 15,819 || 15,481 || 15,472 || 15,318 || 15,357 |- | Ethiopia || Fugnido || 27,175 || 18,726 || – || 20,202 || 21,770 || 22,692 || 34,247 || 42,044 || 53,218 |- | Chad || Gaga || 12,402 || 17,708 || 20,677 || 19,043 || 19,888 || 21,474 || 22,266 || 23,236 || 24,591 |- | Pakistan || Gamkol || – || 37,462 || 33,499 || 33,033 || 35,169 || 32,830 || 31,701 || 31,326 || 30,241 |- | Pakistan || Gandaf || – || 13,609 || 12,659 || 12,497 || 12,731 || 13,346 || 12,632 || 12,508 || 12,068 |- | South Sudan || Gendressa || – || – || – || – || – || – || 14,758 || 17,289 || 17,975 |- | Rwanda || Gihembe || 17,732 || 18,081 || 19,027 || 19,407 || 19,853 || 19,827 || 14,006 || – || 14,735 |- | Liberia || Bahn || – || – || – || – || – || 5,021 || 8,851 || 8,412 || 5,257 |- | Ethiopia || Bambasi || – || – || – || – || – || – || 12,199 || 13,354 || 14,279 |- | Pakistan || Barakai || – || 30,266 || 28,851 || 28,597 || 32,077 || 28,093 || 26,739 || 25,909 || 24,786 |- | Ethiopia || Tongo || – || – || – || – || – || 9,605 || 9,518 || 10,399 || 11,075 |- | Chad || Yaroungou || 15,260 || 13,352 || 16,573 || 11,925 || 10,544 || 10,916 || 11,594 || – || – |- | South Sudan || Yusuf Batil || – || – || – || – || – || – || 36,754 || 39,033 || 40,240 |- | Jordan || Zaatari || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 145,209 || 84,773 |- | Pakistan || Thall || – || 17,266 || 15,602 || 15,269 || 15,419 || 13,468 || 12,976 || 12,847 || 12,247 |- | Thailand || Tham Hin || 7,767 || 6,007 || 5,078 || – || 4,282 || 7,150 || 7,242 || – || 7,406 |- | Nepal || Timai || 10,413 || 10,421 || 9,935 || 8,553 || 7,058 || – || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Timer || – || 13,919 || 12,080 || 11,839 || 11,764 || 11,161 || 8,665 || 8,603 || 8,690 |- | Algeria || [[Sahrawi refugee camps|Tindouf]] || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 |- | Pakistan || Old Akora || – || 41,647 || 37,757 || 37,019 || 42,872 || 37,736 || 36,693 || 36,384 || 34,789 |- | Pakistan || Old Shamshatoo || – || 66,556 || 58,773 || 58,804 || 61,205 || 54,502 || 53,573 || 52,835 || 48,268 |- | Namibia || Osire || 6,486 || 7,730 || 8,122 || 8,506 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Uganda || Pader || – || – || 196,000 || 90,000 || 38,550 || 6,677 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Padhana || – || 10,564 || 10,403 || 10,380 || 11,393 || 10,075 || 9,892 || 9,775 || 9,362 |- | Pakistan || Panian || – || 65,033 || 62,293 || 61,822 || 67,332 || 58,819 || 56,820 || 56,295 || 53,816 |- | Pakistan || Pir Alizai || – || 16,563 || 14,710 || 13,802 || 15,157 || 10,243 || 9,771 || 9,204 || 7,681 |- | Nepal || Sanischare || 21,285 || 21,386 || 20,128 || 16,745 || 13,649 || 10,173 || 9,212 || 6,599 || – |- | Pakistan || Saranan || – || 24,625 || 24,272 || 24,119 || 26,786 || 21,927 || 21,218 || 20,744 || 18,248 |- | Sudan || Shagarab || 21,999 || 22,706 || 14,990 || 16,562 || 24,104 || 27,809 || 37,428 || 34,147 || 34,039 |- | Ethiopia || Sheder || – || – || 6,567 || 7,964 || 10,458 || 11,326 || 11,882 || 11,248 || 12,263 |- | Ethiopia || Sherkole || 13,958 || 8,989 || – || – || – || 8,962 || 7,527 || 9,737 || 10,171 |- | Pakistan || Surkhab || – || 12,225 || 11,877 || 11,789 || 12,304 || 7,422 || 7,214 || 7,012 || 5,764 |- | Burkina Faso || Mentao || – || – || – || – || – || – || 6,905 || 11,907 || 10,953 |- | Tanzania || Mtabila || – || 90,680 || 45,247 || 36,009 || 36,789 || 37,554 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Munda || – || 13,274 || 11,386 || 11,225 || 12,728 || 10,341 || 10,100 || 9,941 || 9,388 |- | Burundi || Musasa || – || 6,764 || 5,984 || 6,572 || 6,153 || 6,330 || 6,500 || 6,829 || 7,001 |- | Zambia || Mwange || 21,179 || 17,911 || 14,429 || 5,820 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Uganda || Nakivale|| 25,692 || 33,176 || 42,113 || 52,249 || – || – || 64,373 || – || 66,691 |- | Pakistan || New Durrani || – || – || – || – || 10,458 || 14,397 || 12,438 || 14,978 || – |- | Pakistan || Oblan || – || 11,564 || 9,624 || 9,560 || 10,065 || 9,474 || 9,331 || 9,294 || 9,015 |- | Liberia || PTP || – || – || – || – || – || – || 9,353 || 12,734 || 15,300 |- | Uganda || Rhino Camp|| 18,493 || 14,328 || 5,582 || – || – || – || 4,266 || – || 18,762 |- | Uganda || Rwamwanja|| – || – || – || – || – || – || 29,797 || – || 52,489 |- | Liberia || Little Wlebbo || – || – || – || – || – || – || 8,399 || 10,009 || 8,481 |- | Tanzania || Lugufu || 75,254 || 45,308 || 28,995 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Tanzania || Lukole || 39,685 || 25,490 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Thailand || Mai Nai Soi || – || 19,103 || 19,311 || – || 12,252 || 12,244 || 11,730 || 9,725 || 12,414 |- | Ethiopia || Mai Ayni || – || – || – || 15,762 || 12,255 || 14,432 || 15,715 || 18,207 || 17,808 |- | Iraq || Makhmour || 11,900 || 10,728 || 10,912 || – || 11,101 || 10,240 || 10,552 || 10,534 || – |- | Mozambique || Maratane || 5,019 || – || – || – || 6,646 || 9,576 || 7,398 || 7,707 || – |- | Uganda || Masindi || – || – || 55,000 || 55,000 || 20,000 || 6,500 || – || – || – |- | Zambia || Mayukwayukwa || 10,636 || 10,660 || 10,474 || 10,184 || – || – || 10,117 || 11,366 || – |- | Mauritania || M'bera || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 66,392 || 48,910 |- | Zambia || Meheba || 13,732 || 13,892 || 15,763 || 14,970 || – || – || 17,708 || 17,806 || 8,410 |- | Ethiopia || Melkadida || – || – || – || – || 25,491 || 40,696 || 42,365 || 43,480 || 44,645 |- | Chad || Abgadam || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 21,914 || 21,571 |- | Ethiopia || Adi Harush || – || – || – || – || 6,923 || 15,982 || 23,562 || 25,801 || 34,090 |- | Uganda || Adjumani || 54,051 || 52,784 || 21,714 || 28,000 || 7,365 || – || 9,279 || 11,986 || 96,926 |- | South Sudan || Ajuong Thok || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 6,691 || 15,015 |- | Djibouti || Ali Adde || 6,739 || 6,376 || 8,924 || – || 14,333 || 19,500 || 17,354 || 17,523 || 18,208 |- | Uganda || Amuru || – || – || 234,000 || 98,000 || 35,475 || 6,779 || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Awbarre / Teferiber || – || 8,581 || 11,045 || 12,293 || 13,120 || 13,426 || 13,331 || 13,752 || 12,965 |- | Pakistan || Azakhel || –|| 25,649 || 24,258 || 23,963 || 26,342 || 21,398 || 21,231 || 21,132 || 20,191 |- | Jordan || Azraq || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,315 |- | Pakistan || Badaber || – || 36,614 || 30,327 || 30,107 || 31,345 || 28,729 || 26,227 || 25,589 || 23,918 |- | Nepal || Beldangi 1 & 2 || 52,997 || 52,967 || 50,350 || 42,122 || 36,761 || 33,855 || 31,976 || 24,377 || 18,379 |- | Chad || Belome || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 23,949 || 26,521 |- | Ethiopia || Bokolmanyo || – || – || – || 21,707 || 14,988 || 38,501 || 40,423 || 41,670 || 41,665 |- | Ghana || Buduburam || 36,159 || 26,179 || 14,992 || 11,334 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Buramino || – || – || – || – || – || – || 35,207 || 40,114 || 39,471 |- | Burundi || Bwagiriza || || || || 2,896 || 4,526 || 6,159 || 10,105 || 9,289 || 9,480 |- | Niger || Abala || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,126 || 12,216 || 12,938 |- | Pakistan || Chakdara || – || 17,420 || 16,427 || 16,069 || 18,752 || 13,354 || 11,242 || 11,184 || 10,704 |- | Kenya || Ifo 2, Dadaab|| – || – || – || – || – || 64,945 || 69,269 || 65,693 || 52,310 |- | Kenya || Kambioos, Dadaab|| – || – || – || – || – || 10,833 || 18,126 || 20,435 || 21,035 |- | Chad || Dogdore || – || – || – || – || 19,500 || 19,500 || 19,500 || – || – |- | South Sudan || Doro || – || – || – || – || – || 28,709 || – || 47,422 || 50,087 |- | Chad || Dosseye || 2,277 || 6,158 || 8,556 || 9,607 || 9,433 || 9,724 || 9,922 || 15,766 || 21,522 |- | Pakistan || Girdi Jungle || – || 29,783 || 29,717 || 29,716 || 31,642 || 22,740 || 22,340 || 22,065 || 17,376 |- | Nepal || Goldhap || 9,602 || 9,694 || 8,315 || 6,356 || 4,764 || – || – || – || – |- | Burkina Faso || Goudebo || – || – || – || – || – || – || 4,943 || 9,287 || 9,403 |- | Chad || Goz Amer || 19,261 || 20,097 || 21,640 || 21,449 || 24,608 || 25,841 || 27,091 || 30,105 || 31,477 |- | Chad || Goz Beïda || – || – || – || – || 73,000 || 73,000 || 60,500 || – || – |- | Uganda || Gulu || – || – || 156,000 || 44,000 || 9,043 || – || – || – || – |- | Yemen || Al-Mazrak || – || – || – || – || – || 12,075 || 12,308 || 12,416 || – |- | Ethiopia || Hilaweyn || – || – || – || – || – || 25,747 || 30,960 || 37,305 || 38,890 |- | Ethiopia || Hitsats || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 10,226 || 33,235 |- | Uganda || Impevi || 23,331 || 22,061 || 7,453 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Niger || Intikane || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,221 || 12,738 |- | Sri Lanka || Jaffna || – || 10,522 || – || – || 9,108 || 6,436 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Jalala || – ||16,160 || 14,115 || 13,854 || 16,094 || 14,042 || 13,421 || 13,278 || 12,968 |- | Ethiopia || Kobe || – || – || – || – || – || 26,033 || 31,656 || 36,488 || 39,214 |- | Pakistan || Koga || – || 10,766 || 10,458 || 9,264 || 9,183 || 9,216 || 8,893 || 8,738 || 8,404 |- | Pakistan || Kot Chandna || – || 15,130 || 15,037 || 15,012 || 17,787 || 15,100 || 14,889 || 14,664 || 13,796 |- | Ethiopia || Kule || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 46,314 |- | Pakistan || Jalozai || – || 83,616 || 32,155 || 30,955 || 100,748 || 32,499 || 57,771 || 22,076 || – |- | Pakistan || Kababian || – || 14,729 || 11,291 || 12,335 || 13,214 || 12,504 || 12,167 || 11,664 || 11,044 |- | Pakistan || Kacha Gari || – || 26,721 || 24,554 || 28,365 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Zambia || Kala || 19,143 || 16,877 || 12,768 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | South Sudan || Kaya || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 18,788 || 21,918 |- | Uganda || Kyaka II|| 16,410 || 18,229 || 14,750 || 17,442 || – || – || 18,055 || – || 22,616 |- | Ethiopia || Kebribeyah || 16,399 || 16,879 || 16,132 || 16,496 || 16,601 || 16,408 || 16,009 || 15,788 || – |- | Iran || Rafsanjan || 12,715 || – || – || 6,630 || 6,852 || – || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Khaki || – || 16,267 || 16,010 || 15,933 || 16,221 || 15,768 || 14,939 || 14,698 || 14,101 |- | Nepal || Khudunabari || 13,506 || 13,226 || 13,254 || 12,054 || 11,067 || 9,032 || – || – || – |- | Burundi || Kinama || – || – || 8,447 || 9,369 || || || 9,480 || 9,759 || 9,796 |- | Uganda || Kitgum || – || – || 164,000 || 122,000 || 12,290 || 7,070 || – || – || – |- | Rwanda || Kiziba || 17,978 || 18,130 || 18,323 || 18,693 || 18,888 || 18,919 || 15,927 || – || – |- | Pakistan || Khairābād-Kund || – || 14,674 || 11,686 || 11,669 || 11,839 || 12,921 || 12,961 || – || – |- | Uganda || Kyangwali || 19,132 || 20,109 || 13,434 || 20,606 || – || – || 21,280 || – || 40,023 |- | Guinea || Laine || 11,406 || 5,185 || – || – || 4,187 || – || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Leitchour || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 47,711 |- | Botswana || Dukwe|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |2,833<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/524d806c9.html|title=Botswana Fact Sheet|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> |- |} == References == 47fqy9cqf8nuhwbn0uq3ymjrfn0x9mw 70188 70186 2025-07-10T17:38:40Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A''' refugee camp''' be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/fema/displace.pdf |title=UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge," |website= fas.org |date=2012 |page=35}}</ref> Dem be usually built den run by a government, de [[United Nations]], international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/ng-interactive/2015/aug/10/migrant-life-in-calais-jungle-refugee-camp-a-photo-essay|title=Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay|first=Sean|last=Smith|date=10 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue. According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNHCR Global Trends 2015|url=https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}</ref> Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Corsellis|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_om-tlDdv8C|title=Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations|last2=Vitale|first2=Antonella|publisher=Oxfam|year=2005|isbn=9780855985349|via=Google Books}}</ref> Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.<ref name="Miliband">{{cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid|url=https://www.rescue.org/press-release/sector-system-reform-and-renewal-humanitarian-aid|website=International Rescue Committee (IRC)}}</ref> == Facilities == De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be {{convert|45|sqm|sqft}} per person of de accessible camp area.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org">{{Cite web|title=UNHCR&#124; Emergency Handbook|url=https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/45582/camp-planning-standards-planned-settlements|website=emergency.unhcr.org}}</ref> Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:<ref name="MSF">{{Cite web|year=1997|title=Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations|url=http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127210625/http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/refugee_health/rh.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2012|access-date=29 December 2022|website=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|publisher=Macmillan, Oxford|language=en}}</ref> * An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp. * Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m<sup>2</sup> of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2&nbsp;m apart. * Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> per person. * Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6&nbsp;m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender. * Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20&nbsp; L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households. * Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons. * Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons. * Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations. * Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp. * Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons. [[File:Market_stalls.jpg|right|thumb|Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.]] * Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.<ref name="emergency.unhcr.org" /> Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get: * Cemeteries anaa crematoria * Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons. * Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter. * Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlister |first=Elizabeth |year=2013 |title=Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/_flysystem/fedora/2023-03/28726-Original%20File.pdf |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11}}</ref> To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory|url=http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120725/http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4807-syrian-refugee-camps-in-turkish-territory-interactive-web-report|archive-date=6 October 2014|access-date=20 June 2013|work=astrium-geo.com}}</ref> den analyzed by GIS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003.|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317190015/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/refugies/rapuga/1_intro.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2023|access-date=28 April 2023|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM).|url=http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623172310/http://www.cartographie.ird.fr/publi/Refugies/Final_report.pdf|archive-date=23 June 2023|access-date=10 November 2014|website=www.cartographie.ird.fr}}</ref> ==Food rations== De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be: * {{convert|9|oz|g|abbr=on}} whole grain (maize anaa sorghum) * {{convert|7|oz|g|abbr=on}} milled grain (wheat flour) * 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil * 1 teaspoon salt * 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils) Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers. ==Refugee camps by country den population== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |+ style="text-align: left;" | Populations of concern to UNHCR insyd refugee camps between 2006 den 2014 |- ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| Country ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| Camp ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2006/annextables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2006 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303123947/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2006/annextables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2007<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2007/annextables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2007 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225233002/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2007/annextables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2008/08-TPOC-TB_v5_external_PW.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2008 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224152802/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2008/08-TPOC-TB_v5_external_PW.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2009/2009-Statistical-Yearbook-Annex-Tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2009 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224164957/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2009/2009-Statistical-Yearbook-Annex-Tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2010/2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2010 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032051/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2010/2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2011/2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2011 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225133154/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2011/2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2012/2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2012 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064303/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2012/2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;" | 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2013/annex_tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2013 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042226/https://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2013/annex_tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width: 90px;"| 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/statisticalyearbook/2014-annex-tables.zip |title=The UN Refugee Agency 2014 |website=www.unhcr.org |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710205726/http://www.unhcr.org/statisticalyearbook/2014-annex-tables.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | Chad || Am Nabak || 16,504 || 16,701 || 16,696 || 17,402 || 18,087 || 20,395 || 23,611 || 24,513 || 25,553 |- | Chad || Amboko || 12,062 || 12,002 || 12,057 || 11,671 || 11,111 || 11,627 || 11,297 || 10,719 || 11,819 |- | Kenya || Dagahaley, Dadaab|| 39,526 || 39,626 || 65,581 || 93,179 || 93,470 || 122,214 || 121,127 || 104,565 || 88,486 |- | Chad || Djabal || 15,162 || 15,602 || 17,153 || 15,693 || 17,200 || 18,083 || 18,890 || 19,635 || 20,809 |- | Yemen || Al Kharaz || 9,298 || 9,491 || 11,394 || 16,466 || 14,100 || 16,904 || 19,047 || 16,816 || 16,500 |- | Chad || Breidjing || 28,932 || 30,077 || 32,669 || 32,559 || 34,465 || 35,938 || 37,494 || 39,797 || 41,146 |- | Malawi || Dzaleka || 4,950 || 8,690 || 9,425 || 10,275 || 12,819 || 16,853 || 16,664 || 16,935 || 5,874 |- | Chad || Farchana || 18,947 || 19,815 || 21,183 || 20,915 || 21,983 || 23,323 || 24,419 || 26,292 || 27,548 |- | Kenya || Hagadera, Dadaab|| 59,185 || 70,412 || 90,403 || 83,518 || 101,506 || 137,528 || 139,483 || 114,729 || 106,968 |- | Sudan || Girba || 8,996 || 9,081 || 5,120 || 5,645 || 5,592 || 5,570 || 6,252 || 6,295 || 6,306 |- | Chad || Gondje || 12,624 || 12,664 || 12,700 || 11,184 || 9,586 || 10,006 || 11,717 || 11,349 || 12,138 |- | Kenya || Ifo, Dadaab|| 54,157 || 61,832 || 79,469 || 79,424 || 97,610 || 118,972 || 98,294 || 99,761 || 83,750 |- | Chad || Iridimi || 17,380 || 18,269 || 19,531 || 18,154 || 18,859 || 21,329 || 21,083 || 21,976 || 22,908 |- | Kenya || Kakuma|| 90,457 || 62,497 || 53,068 || 64,791 || 69,822 || 85,862 || 107,205 || 128,540 || 153,959 |- | Sudan || Kilo 26 || 11,423 || 12,690 || 7,133 || 7,610 || 7,608 || 7,634 || 8,310 || 8,303 || 8,391 |- | Chad || Kounoungou || 13,315 || 13,500 || 18,514 || 16,237 || 16,927 || 18,251 || 19,143 || 20,876 || 21,960 |- | Bangladesh ||Kutapalong || 10,144 || 10,708 || 11,047 || 11,251 || 11,469 || 11,706 || 12,404 || 12,626 || 13,176 |- | Thailand || Mae La || 46,148 || 38,130 || 32,862 || 30,073 || 29,188 || 27,629 || 26,690 || 25,156 || 46,978 |- | Thailand || Mae La Oon || 14,366 || 13,450 || 13,478 || 13,811 || 11,991 || 10,204 || 9,611 || 8,675 || 12,245 |- | Thailand || Mae Ra Ma Luang || 12,840 || 11,578 || 11,304 || 13,571 || 11,749 || 10,269 || 9,414 || 8,421 || 13,825 |- | Chad || Mile || 15,557 || 16,202 || 17,476 || 14,221 || 17,382 || 18,853 || 19,823 || 20,818 || 21,723 |- | Bangladesh || Nayapara || 16,010 || 16,679 || 17,076 || 17,091 || 17,547 || 17,729 || 18,066 || 18,288 || 19,179 |- | Thailand || Nu Po || 13,131 || 13,377 || 11,113 || 9,800 || 9,262 || 15,982 || 15,715 || 7,927 || 13,372 |- | Tanzania || Nyarugusu || 52,713 || 50,841 || 49,628 || 62,184 || 62,726 || 63,551 || 68,132 || 68,888 || 57,267 |- | Chad || Oure Cassoni || 26,786 || 28,035 || 28,430 || 31,189 || 32,206 || 36,168 || 33,267 || 35,415 || 36,466 |- | Ethiopia || Shimelba || 13,043 || 16,057 || 10,648 || 10,135 || 9,187 || 8,295 || 6,033 || 5,885 || 6,106 |- | India || Tamil Nadu || 69,609|| 72,934 || 73,286 || 72,883 || 69,998 || 68,152 || 67,165 || 65,674 || 65,057 |- | Chad || Touloum || 22,358 || 23,131 || 24,935 || 26,532 || 24,500 || 27,588 || 27,940 || 28,501 || 29,683 |- | Chad || Treguine || 14,921 || 15,718 || 17,260 || 17,000 || 17,820 || 19,099 || 19,957 || 20,990 || 21,801 |- | Sudan || Um Gargur || 9,845 || 10,104 || 8,180 || 8,715 || 8,641 || 8,550 || 8,947 || 10,172 || 10,269 |- | Thailand || Um Pium || 19,464 || 19,397 || 14,051 || 12,494 || 11,742 || 11,017 || 10,581 || 9,816 || 16,109 |- | Sudan || Wad Sherife || 33,371 || 36,429 || 13,636 || 15,626 || 15,819 || 15,481 || 15,472 || 15,318 || 15,357 |- | Ethiopia || Fugnido || 27,175 || 18,726 || – || 20,202 || 21,770 || 22,692 || 34,247 || 42,044 || 53,218 |- | Chad || Gaga || 12,402 || 17,708 || 20,677 || 19,043 || 19,888 || 21,474 || 22,266 || 23,236 || 24,591 |- | Pakistan || Gamkol || – || 37,462 || 33,499 || 33,033 || 35,169 || 32,830 || 31,701 || 31,326 || 30,241 |- | Pakistan || Gandaf || – || 13,609 || 12,659 || 12,497 || 12,731 || 13,346 || 12,632 || 12,508 || 12,068 |- | South Sudan || Gendressa || – || – || – || – || – || – || 14,758 || 17,289 || 17,975 |- | Rwanda || Gihembe || 17,732 || 18,081 || 19,027 || 19,407 || 19,853 || 19,827 || 14,006 || – || 14,735 |- | Liberia || Bahn || – || – || – || – || – || 5,021 || 8,851 || 8,412 || 5,257 |- | Ethiopia || Bambasi || – || – || – || – || – || – || 12,199 || 13,354 || 14,279 |- | Pakistan || Barakai || – || 30,266 || 28,851 || 28,597 || 32,077 || 28,093 || 26,739 || 25,909 || 24,786 |- | Ethiopia || Tongo || – || – || – || – || – || 9,605 || 9,518 || 10,399 || 11,075 |- | Chad || Yaroungou || 15,260 || 13,352 || 16,573 || 11,925 || 10,544 || 10,916 || 11,594 || – || – |- | South Sudan || Yusuf Batil || – || – || – || – || – || – || 36,754 || 39,033 || 40,240 |- | Jordan || Zaatari || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 145,209 || 84,773 |- | Pakistan || Thall || – || 17,266 || 15,602 || 15,269 || 15,419 || 13,468 || 12,976 || 12,847 || 12,247 |- | Thailand || Tham Hin || 7,767 || 6,007 || 5,078 || – || 4,282 || 7,150 || 7,242 || – || 7,406 |- | Nepal || Timai || 10,413 || 10,421 || 9,935 || 8,553 || 7,058 || – || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Timer || – || 13,919 || 12,080 || 11,839 || 11,764 || 11,161 || 8,665 || 8,603 || 8,690 |- | Algeria || [[Sahrawi refugee camps|Tindouf]] || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 || 90,000 |- | Pakistan || Old Akora || – || 41,647 || 37,757 || 37,019 || 42,872 || 37,736 || 36,693 || 36,384 || 34,789 |- | Pakistan || Old Shamshatoo || – || 66,556 || 58,773 || 58,804 || 61,205 || 54,502 || 53,573 || 52,835 || 48,268 |- | Namibia || Osire || 6,486 || 7,730 || 8,122 || 8,506 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Uganda || Pader || – || – || 196,000 || 90,000 || 38,550 || 6,677 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Padhana || – || 10,564 || 10,403 || 10,380 || 11,393 || 10,075 || 9,892 || 9,775 || 9,362 |- | Pakistan || Panian || – || 65,033 || 62,293 || 61,822 || 67,332 || 58,819 || 56,820 || 56,295 || 53,816 |- | Pakistan || Pir Alizai || – || 16,563 || 14,710 || 13,802 || 15,157 || 10,243 || 9,771 || 9,204 || 7,681 |- | Nepal || Sanischare || 21,285 || 21,386 || 20,128 || 16,745 || 13,649 || 10,173 || 9,212 || 6,599 || – |- | Pakistan || Saranan || – || 24,625 || 24,272 || 24,119 || 26,786 || 21,927 || 21,218 || 20,744 || 18,248 |- | Sudan || Shagarab || 21,999 || 22,706 || 14,990 || 16,562 || 24,104 || 27,809 || 37,428 || 34,147 || 34,039 |- | Ethiopia || Sheder || – || – || 6,567 || 7,964 || 10,458 || 11,326 || 11,882 || 11,248 || 12,263 |- | Ethiopia || Sherkole || 13,958 || 8,989 || – || – || – || 8,962 || 7,527 || 9,737 || 10,171 |- | Pakistan || Surkhab || – || 12,225 || 11,877 || 11,789 || 12,304 || 7,422 || 7,214 || 7,012 || 5,764 |- | Burkina Faso || Mentao || – || – || – || – || – || – || 6,905 || 11,907 || 10,953 |- | Tanzania || Mtabila || – || 90,680 || 45,247 || 36,009 || 36,789 || 37,554 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Munda || – || 13,274 || 11,386 || 11,225 || 12,728 || 10,341 || 10,100 || 9,941 || 9,388 |- | Burundi || Musasa || – || 6,764 || 5,984 || 6,572 || 6,153 || 6,330 || 6,500 || 6,829 || 7,001 |- | Zambia || Mwange || 21,179 || 17,911 || 14,429 || 5,820 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Uganda || Nakivale|| 25,692 || 33,176 || 42,113 || 52,249 || – || – || 64,373 || – || 66,691 |- | Pakistan || New Durrani || – || – || – || – || 10,458 || 14,397 || 12,438 || 14,978 || – |- | Pakistan || Oblan || – || 11,564 || 9,624 || 9,560 || 10,065 || 9,474 || 9,331 || 9,294 || 9,015 |- | Liberia || PTP || – || – || – || – || – || – || 9,353 || 12,734 || 15,300 |- | Uganda || Rhino Camp|| 18,493 || 14,328 || 5,582 || – || – || – || 4,266 || – || 18,762 |- | Uganda || Rwamwanja|| – || – || – || – || – || – || 29,797 || – || 52,489 |- | Liberia || Little Wlebbo || – || – || – || – || – || – || 8,399 || 10,009 || 8,481 |- | Tanzania || Lugufu || 75,254 || 45,308 || 28,995 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Tanzania || Lukole || 39,685 || 25,490 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Thailand || Mai Nai Soi || – || 19,103 || 19,311 || – || 12,252 || 12,244 || 11,730 || 9,725 || 12,414 |- | Ethiopia || Mai Ayni || – || – || – || 15,762 || 12,255 || 14,432 || 15,715 || 18,207 || 17,808 |- | Iraq || Makhmour || 11,900 || 10,728 || 10,912 || – || 11,101 || 10,240 || 10,552 || 10,534 || – |- | Mozambique || Maratane || 5,019 || – || – || – || 6,646 || 9,576 || 7,398 || 7,707 || – |- | Uganda || Masindi || – || – || 55,000 || 55,000 || 20,000 || 6,500 || – || – || – |- | Zambia || Mayukwayukwa || 10,636 || 10,660 || 10,474 || 10,184 || – || – || 10,117 || 11,366 || – |- | Mauritania || M'bera || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 66,392 || 48,910 |- | Zambia || Meheba || 13,732 || 13,892 || 15,763 || 14,970 || – || – || 17,708 || 17,806 || 8,410 |- | Ethiopia || Melkadida || – || – || – || – || 25,491 || 40,696 || 42,365 || 43,480 || 44,645 |- | Chad || Abgadam || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 21,914 || 21,571 |- | Ethiopia || Adi Harush || – || – || – || – || 6,923 || 15,982 || 23,562 || 25,801 || 34,090 |- | Uganda || Adjumani || 54,051 || 52,784 || 21,714 || 28,000 || 7,365 || – || 9,279 || 11,986 || 96,926 |- | South Sudan || Ajuong Thok || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 6,691 || 15,015 |- | Djibouti || Ali Adde || 6,739 || 6,376 || 8,924 || – || 14,333 || 19,500 || 17,354 || 17,523 || 18,208 |- | Uganda || Amuru || – || – || 234,000 || 98,000 || 35,475 || 6,779 || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Awbarre / Teferiber || – || 8,581 || 11,045 || 12,293 || 13,120 || 13,426 || 13,331 || 13,752 || 12,965 |- | Pakistan || Azakhel || –|| 25,649 || 24,258 || 23,963 || 26,342 || 21,398 || 21,231 || 21,132 || 20,191 |- | Jordan || Azraq || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,315 |- | Pakistan || Badaber || – || 36,614 || 30,327 || 30,107 || 31,345 || 28,729 || 26,227 || 25,589 || 23,918 |- | Nepal || Beldangi 1 & 2 || 52,997 || 52,967 || 50,350 || 42,122 || 36,761 || 33,855 || 31,976 || 24,377 || 18,379 |- | Chad || Belome || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 23,949 || 26,521 |- | Ethiopia || Bokolmanyo || – || – || – || 21,707 || 14,988 || 38,501 || 40,423 || 41,670 || 41,665 |- | Ghana || Buduburam || 36,159 || 26,179 || 14,992 || 11,334 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Buramino || – || – || – || – || – || – || 35,207 || 40,114 || 39,471 |- | Burundi || Bwagiriza || || || || 2,896 || 4,526 || 6,159 || 10,105 || 9,289 || 9,480 |- | Niger || Abala || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,126 || 12,216 || 12,938 |- | Pakistan || Chakdara || – || 17,420 || 16,427 || 16,069 || 18,752 || 13,354 || 11,242 || 11,184 || 10,704 |- | Kenya || Ifo 2, Dadaab|| – || – || – || – || – || 64,945 || 69,269 || 65,693 || 52,310 |- | Kenya || Kambioos, Dadaab|| – || – || – || – || – || 10,833 || 18,126 || 20,435 || 21,035 |- | Chad || Dogdore || – || – || – || – || 19,500 || 19,500 || 19,500 || – || – |- | South Sudan || Doro || – || – || – || – || – || 28,709 || – || 47,422 || 50,087 |- | Chad || Dosseye || 2,277 || 6,158 || 8,556 || 9,607 || 9,433 || 9,724 || 9,922 || 15,766 || 21,522 |- | Pakistan || Girdi Jungle || – || 29,783 || 29,717 || 29,716 || 31,642 || 22,740 || 22,340 || 22,065 || 17,376 |- | Nepal || Goldhap || 9,602 || 9,694 || 8,315 || 6,356 || 4,764 || – || – || – || – |- | Burkina Faso || Goudebo || – || – || – || – || – || – || 4,943 || 9,287 || 9,403 |- | Chad || Goz Amer || 19,261 || 20,097 || 21,640 || 21,449 || 24,608 || 25,841 || 27,091 || 30,105 || 31,477 |- | Chad || Goz Beïda || – || – || – || – || 73,000 || 73,000 || 60,500 || – || – |- | Uganda || Gulu || – || – || 156,000 || 44,000 || 9,043 || – || – || – || – |- | Yemen || Al-Mazrak || – || – || – || – || – || 12,075 || 12,308 || 12,416 || – |- | Ethiopia || Hilaweyn || – || – || – || – || – || 25,747 || 30,960 || 37,305 || 38,890 |- | Ethiopia || Hitsats || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 10,226 || 33,235 |- | Uganda || Impevi || 23,331 || 22,061 || 7,453 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | Niger || Intikane || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 11,221 || 12,738 |- | Sri Lanka || Jaffna || – || 10,522 || – || – || 9,108 || 6,436 || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Jalala || – ||16,160 || 14,115 || 13,854 || 16,094 || 14,042 || 13,421 || 13,278 || 12,968 |- | Ethiopia || Kobe || – || – || – || – || – || 26,033 || 31,656 || 36,488 || 39,214 |- | Pakistan || Koga || – || 10,766 || 10,458 || 9,264 || 9,183 || 9,216 || 8,893 || 8,738 || 8,404 |- | Pakistan || Kot Chandna || – || 15,130 || 15,037 || 15,012 || 17,787 || 15,100 || 14,889 || 14,664 || 13,796 |- | Ethiopia || Kule || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 46,314 |- | Pakistan || Jalozai || – || 83,616 || 32,155 || 30,955 || 100,748 || 32,499 || 57,771 || 22,076 || – |- | Pakistan || Kababian || – || 14,729 || 11,291 || 12,335 || 13,214 || 12,504 || 12,167 || 11,664 || 11,044 |- | Pakistan || Kacha Gari || – || 26,721 || 24,554 || 28,365 || – || – || – || – || – |- | Zambia || Kala || 19,143 || 16,877 || 12,768 || – || – || – || – || – || – |- | South Sudan || Kaya || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 18,788 || 21,918 |- | Uganda || Kyaka II|| 16,410 || 18,229 || 14,750 || 17,442 || – || – || 18,055 || – || 22,616 |- | Ethiopia || Kebribeyah || 16,399 || 16,879 || 16,132 || 16,496 || 16,601 || 16,408 || 16,009 || 15,788 || – |- | Iran || Rafsanjan || 12,715 || – || – || 6,630 || 6,852 || – || – || – || – |- | Pakistan || Khaki || – || 16,267 || 16,010 || 15,933 || 16,221 || 15,768 || 14,939 || 14,698 || 14,101 |- | Nepal || Khudunabari || 13,506 || 13,226 || 13,254 || 12,054 || 11,067 || 9,032 || – || – || – |- | Burundi || Kinama || – || – || 8,447 || 9,369 || || || 9,480 || 9,759 || 9,796 |- | Uganda || Kitgum || – || – || 164,000 || 122,000 || 12,290 || 7,070 || – || – || – |- | Rwanda || Kiziba || 17,978 || 18,130 || 18,323 || 18,693 || 18,888 || 18,919 || 15,927 || – || – |- | Pakistan || Khairābād-Kund || – || 14,674 || 11,686 || 11,669 || 11,839 || 12,921 || 12,961 || – || – |- | Uganda || Kyangwali || 19,132 || 20,109 || 13,434 || 20,606 || – || – || 21,280 || – || 40,023 |- | Guinea || Laine || 11,406 || 5,185 || – || – || 4,187 || – || – || – || – |- | Ethiopia || Leitchour || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || 47,711 |- | Botswana || Dukwe|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |2,833<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/524d806c9.html|title=Botswana Fact Sheet|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> |- |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110501192017/http://www.mitchellsipus.com/2010/11/now-online-assessment-of-sphere.html An Assessment of Sphere Humanitarian Standards for Shelter and Settlement Planning in Kenya's Dadaab Refugee Camps] *[https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/47942/Norwegian+Refugee+Council,+The+Camp+Management+Toolkit/a718d47b-5906-4adb-9735-dc8009e9b2a0 Camp Management Toolkit] published by Norwegian Refugee Council *[http://sheltercentre.org/consensus/#humanitarian-library Humanitarian Library] Resource for organisations responding to the transitional settlement and shelter needs of displaced populations *[https://www.refugeecamp.ca/ Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City. An awareness-raising touring event organized by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)] *[http://www.websitesrcg.com/border/border-camps.html Thai-Cambodian Border Camps] * [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Category:Refugee_Camps The open source and open hardware OLPC One School Per Child Initiative link Refugee Camps] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814193807/http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id=1109&rid=1179 U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing] in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights. *[http://data.unhcr.org/ UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency – Data Sharing Tool – Interactive map and passport of every refugee camp, data sharing tool updated by every organisation in the camp] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Refugee camps| ]] [[Category:Temporary populated places]] [[Category:Displaced persons camps insyd de aftermath of World War II]] fxnsi8pzfabirna31cf2cc6pir75x62 Osvaldo Vieira 0 17378 70196 63718 2025-07-10T18:52:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Na '''Osvaldo Máximo Vieira''' (1938 – 31 March 1974) be a [[Guinea-Bissau|Bissau-Guinean]] revolutionary den prominent military commander during de Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. Na he be de cousin of João Bernardo Vieira, wey later go serve two separate terms as presido.<ref name="Mendy">{{cite book|last1=Mendy|first1=Peter Karibe|title=Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary|date=2019|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=9780821446621|location=Athens}}</ref> Na Vieira be one of many early recruits from de so-called "revolutionary petty bourgeoisie", a group wich na [[Amílcar Cabral]] entrust plus instigating de war of independence.<ref>Sarrazin, Chantal; Gjerstad, Ole, ''[http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.lsmp1013_final.pdf Sowing the First Harvest: National Reconstruction in Guinea-Bissau]'' (PDF) (Pamphlet), Oakland, California: Liberation Support Movement</ref> Na ein poppie work at de ''Sociedade Comercial Ultramarina'', while na ein grand poppie work insyd de postal service, own land, wey na dem consider am a "small intellectual".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Davidson|first1=Basil|title=No Fist Is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, 1963-74|date=2017|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=9781783609994|location=London}}</ref> Before ein revolutionary career, na Vieira work as a pharmacy assistant to Sofia Pomba Guerra, a white Portuguese feminist wey na she be active insyd de burgeoning independence movements of Guinea-Bissau den Mozambique. Insyd 1961, he along plus nine oda young PAIGC fighters, train at de Army Command College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army insyd Nanjing, [[China]].<ref name="Mendy" /> Na dem name de Osvaldo Vieira International Airport insyd Bissau insyd ein honour. == References == gvc91jy4bdujl7i12bocsvw08x4w9j8 70197 70196 2025-07-10T18:56:31Z DaSupremo 9 Add sister link 70197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Na '''Osvaldo Máximo Vieira''' (1938 – 31 March 1974) be a [[Guinea-Bissau|Bissau-Guinean]] revolutionary den prominent military commander during de Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. Na he be de cousin of João Bernardo Vieira, wey later go serve two separate terms as presido.<ref name="Mendy">{{cite book|last1=Mendy|first1=Peter Karibe|title=Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary|date=2019|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=9780821446621|location=Athens}}</ref> Na Vieira be one of many early recruits from de so-called "revolutionary petty bourgeoisie", a group wich na [[Amílcar Cabral]] entrust plus instigating de war of independence.<ref>Sarrazin, Chantal; Gjerstad, Ole, ''[http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.lsmp1013_final.pdf Sowing the First Harvest: National Reconstruction in Guinea-Bissau]'' (PDF) (Pamphlet), Oakland, California: Liberation Support Movement</ref> Na ein poppie work at de ''Sociedade Comercial Ultramarina'', while na ein grand poppie work insyd de postal service, own land, wey na dem consider am a "small intellectual".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Davidson|first1=Basil|title=No Fist Is Big Enough to Hide the Sky: The Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, 1963-74|date=2017|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=9781783609994|location=London}}</ref> Before ein revolutionary career, na Vieira work as a pharmacy assistant to Sofia Pomba Guerra, a white Portuguese feminist wey na she be active insyd de burgeoning independence movements of Guinea-Bissau den Mozambique. Insyd 1961, he along plus nine oda young PAIGC fighters, train at de Army Command College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army insyd Nanjing, [[China]].<ref name="Mendy" /> Na dem name de Osvaldo Vieira International Airport insyd Bissau insyd ein honour. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vieira, Osvaldo}} [[Category:1938 births]] [[Category:1974 deaths]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Bissau-Guinean people]] [[Category:African den Black nationalists]] [[Category:African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde politicians]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Bissau-Guinean military personnel]] [[Category:Bissau-Guinean pan-Africanists]] 0u47ubkm0slk0k0tjwqvv6ceyiy3j2g Philippe Ouédraogo (politician) 0 17379 70198 63720 2025-07-10T19:08:12Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Philippe Ouédraogo''' (born 15 July 1942) be a Burkinabé politician den de leader of de African Independence Party (PAI). Na dem born am insyd Diapaga, Tapoa Province. Na Ouédraogo be Minister of Equipment den Telecommunication insyd de first government of [[Thomas Sankara]], from 1983 to 1984. He then represent de Patriotic League for Development (''Ligue patriotique pour le développement'', LIPAD), wich be de mass front of PAI. Ouédraogo continue dey play an important role even after de break between LIPAD den Sankara, wey dem name am chief engineer of mining. Running as de Party for Democracy and Socialism (de electoral party of de PAI of Ouédraogo) candidate<ref>{{cite news|title=Philippe Ouédraogo à Korsimoro|url=http://www.lefaso.net/spip.php?article10850&rubrique94|accessdate=5 November 2010|newspaper=leFaso.net|date=13 November 2005}}</ref> insyd de 13 November 2005 presidential election, na Ouédraogo place fourth out of 13 candidates, wey he receive 2.28% of de vote. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ouedraogo, Philippe}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:African Independence Party (Burkina Faso) politicians]] [[Category:Party for Democracy and Socialism politicians]] [[Category:Government ministers of Burkina Faso]] [[Category:People wey komot Est Region (Burkina Faso)]] <references /> [[Category:Burkinabe people]] njrjab727dnodpy79ekt8l7qsln1bg1 Andrée Blouin 0 17380 70201 63853 2025-07-10T19:24:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrée Madeleine Blouin''' (16 December 1921 – 9 April 1986) be a political activist, human rights advocate, den writer from de Central African Republic.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Blouin |first1=Andree |last2=MacKellar |first2=Jean |title=My Country Africa: Autobiography of the Black Pasionaria |date=1983 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-03-062759-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mycountryafricaa00blou }}</ref><ref name=author>{{cite web |url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/BlouinAndreeEng.html |title=Andrée Blouin |work=Francophone African Women Writers |publisher=University of Western Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrée Blouin |url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/blouin10.html |accessdate=25 November 2018 |ref=2}}</ref> == Early life == De daughter of Josephine Wouassimba, a fourteen-year-old Banziri girl, den Pierre Gerbillat, a forty-year-old French colonial businessman, Andrée Blouin be born insyd Bessou, a village insyd Oubangui-Chari (later de Central African Republic).<ref>Bouwer, Karen (2010), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230110403_8 "Peck'S Hollywood Lumumba: A Masculine Hero"], ''Gender and Decolonization in the Congo'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp.&nbsp;167–190, [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1057/9780230110403_8|10.1057/9780230110403_8]], [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-349-37925-5|978-1-349-37925-5]]</bdi>, retrieved 2022-06-07</ref> Dem take Andrée at three years of age from ein mommie by ein father den ein new wife Henriette Poussart, den placed insyd de Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny orphanage for girls of mixed race, insyd Brazzaville, insyd de French Congo, where she endured neglect den abuse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=9 April 2019|title=Who was the woman behind Lumumba?|url=https://africasacountry.com/2020/01/who-was-the-woman-behind-lumumba|access-date=2022-06-07|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="JSTOR">{{cite journal |last1=Ormerod and Volet |first1=Beverly and Jean-Marie |date=1 February 1996 |title=le cas des Africaines d'expression française |journal=The French Review |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=426–444 |jstor=396492}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Reid|first=Stuart A.|date=2020-02-14|title=Overlooked No More: Andrée Blouin, Voice for Independence in Africa|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/obituaries/andree-blouin-overlooked-black-history-month.html|access-date=2020-08-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Dem create dis orphanage to cover up evidence of Europeans ein "libertine ways" (wey include de crime of outright rape) den to "protect partly white children from living insyd supposedly primitive African conditions."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reid|first=Stuart A.|date=2020-02-14|title=Overlooked No More: Andrée Blouin, Voice for Independence in Africa|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/obituaries/andree-blouin-overlooked-black-history-month.html|access-date=2022-06-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At age 15, de nuns tried to pressure ein into an arranged marriage. She dey spend 14 years insyd de orphanage before she den two oda girls run away insyd 1938. As she dey grow older, she participate insyd many smaller forms of rebellions plus ein friends. She will persist insyd attending white-only cinemas until they tolerate ein presence. Insyd stores, she will ask for articles insyd French, but de shopkeepers will purposefully "answer insyd Lingala or Kikongo to humiliate am."<ref name="gender">{{cite book|last=Bouwer|first=Karen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZJiAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Lumumba|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-0230316294|pages=82–83}}</ref> Dis was due to ein having French citizenship, but having no real "right" to use de language.<ref name="gender" /> She sana will ask for butter, which be "unthinkable for an African to eat," but na she later state dat she "dey to begin somewhere."<ref name="gender" /> == Ein life matter == After she escape from de orphanage, Andrée move plus ein mommie to Brazzaville den begin work as a seamstress. While riding on a riverboat insyd de Congo River, Andrée meet a Belgian aristocrat named Roger Serruys. Soon afterwards, she move insyd plus Serruys to Banningville, where he be appointed de new director of de Belgian Kasai Company. Frustrated by ein insistence dat demma relationship be kept a secret, Andrée dey return home to Brazzaville three months pregnant. She give birth to ein daughter Rita on ein 19th birthday, 16 December 1940. Andrée meet a local Frenchman named Charles Greutz, den they welcome a son René on ein 21st birthday, 16 December 1942. At two years of age, René fall ill plus malaria but dey refuse de lifesaving quinine medication insyd local hospitals because "de French colonial administration insisted" dat na e be for "Europeans only." Blouin "pleaded" plus de mayor to make an exception but be refused, den before long he die from complications related to de disease. Tramautized by de experience, Andrée decide dat Rita should not grow up insyd colonial Africa, den after legally marrying Greutz, she den ein daughter relocate to France insyd 1946. Greutz stay behind insyd Bangui to work, while Andrée den Rita reside plus de Greutz family insyd de town of Gebviller insyd Alsace. Andrée returned to Bangui insyd 1948, den learn dat ein husband Charles dey have an affair. Not long afterwards she meet French engineer André Blouin, one of ein husband ein contemporaries, who be on assignment for de French Bureau of Mines. De two fall insyd love, den after Andrée ein divorce from Greutz be finalized, she den André Blouin dey marry insyd 1952. De couple go on to have two children, a son named Patrick den a daughter named Sylviane. == Activism == Andrée Blouin credit de untimely death of ein young son as ein primary motivation for becoming a political activist later insyd life. Ein son ein death from malaria can have been prevented plus de right medication; however, because of ein African ancestry, he be denied de proper medical treatment. More specifically, since Andreé Blouin be classified as "metisse" or "mixed" because of ein African mommie den European father, dis label be put on ein son as well, dey make it impossible for him to get de malaria treatment. Ein son was ¾ white den both she den her son be French citizens, but they be both treated unjustly because of demma blackness. Dis devastating den racist experience be a potential catalyst for ein interest insyd activism. Blouin dey launch a campaign against de Quinine Law dat prohibited individuals of African ancestry insyd French Equatorial Africa from receiving appropriate medication to treat malaria. Insyd de 1950s, she leave ein new husband den ein daughter to travel to Guinea to support de country ein independence movement. Blouin dey join Sékou Touré, de leader of de Guinean Democratic Party, insyd de fight for independence from France. Blouin drive all over de country plus members of ein party, "organizing rallies den delivering speeches calling for independence." Insyd 1958, Guinea be de sole French territory to choose independence. Through ein work plus Touré, she meet many oda activists, such as Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana den Félix Houphouet-Boigny of Ivory Coast. After being expelled from Guinea by French President Charles de Gaulle for ein political activism, she return to Central Africa to support de struggle for independence from France. She dey organize den mobilized women for de Parti Solidaire Africain, (PSA) an organization from Belgian Congo whose goal be freeing Africa from colonial rule. Blouin described how after one month insyd May 1960, she enroll 45,000 members insyd de PSA. Some of de preoccupations dat de platform reflected were the following: * To make all women, no matter what age, literate. * To promote an understanding of health den hygiene. * To combat alcoholism. * To work for women ein rights. * To work for de protection of de abandoned woman and child. * To work for the social progress of the African. The movement sana dey outline chapters throughout de provinces den empower local women to take up leadership roles in de movement. Later at year she become chief of protocol insyd Patrice Lumumba ein government, form during de aftermath of Congolese independence from Belgium. Ein position include being a "speechwriter den serving as a diplomatic liaison to European governments during de transition to independence" insyd de Congo. Before dat, she had already shown ein "mettle during de grueling weeks on de campaign trail" plus de PSA. She sana work regularly plus Lumumba, Gizenga, den Mulele insyd Leopoldville. Blouin dey work so closely plus Lumumba insyd ein "inner circle," dat de press nicknamed them "team Lumum-Blouin." However, Blouin was sana "assumed to be entangled insyd sexual relations" plus different powerful men, solely because she be a woman plus "clout" whose actions were "subverting conventional feminine roles." De media call ein "an adventurer insyd de service of communism," den she sana be said to be teaching women to "revolt against demma husbands den homes." Many articles rarely mentioned dat she be "an accomplished orator," de most "eloquent spokesperson for de PSA," den introduced many successful ideas. Furthermore, she knew how to listen to people, how to "sum up" what was needed insyd specific instances, den how to "calibrate ein interventions accordingly." Because of ein personal experience insyd de colonial system, she be able to "discern de machinations of de Belgians den demma Congolese supporters" den "plumb de far-reaching impact of de colonial educational system, particularly on women." Moreover, ein efforts to feed de crew dat accompanied ein on speaking tours were "fueled by ein understanding of how important morale be to de success of de campaign." When de Congolese "opposition took up arms against de country ein military dictator," Joseph Mobutu, Blouin be demma "spokeswoman, first from Algiers den then from Brazzaville, where President Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria sent her on a humanitarian mission to help children orphaned by de rebellions." To de Western diplomats den reporters, Blouin ein presence meant dat Congo be becoming communist. When Lumumba be assassinated, Blouin became a target. Ein daughter Eve recounts how ein mommie was sentenced to death den be forced to flee de Congo. Insyd 1973, ein husband divorced ein and she then decide to settle insyd Paris. Insyd Europe, she continue ein work as an advocate for gender den social equality, as well as for economic justice insyd various African countries. During ein life, ein activism dey raise concerns insyd de Western world: de Eisenhower administration den de Belgian authorities worry about ein supposed Communist links den de ''New York Times'' call ein an "advocate of extreme African nationalism." However, she describe einself as a socialist who be committed to African nationalism. Blouin ein daughter recount how she become a "den mother" to African "opposition figures den revolutionaries" who needed a place to stay. == End of life == She be diagnosed plus lymphoma den "dey grow despondent over de oppression dat continue even after de end of colonialism." She die on 9 April 1986. == Literary works == Blouin ein autobiography, ''My Country, Africa: Autobiography of a Black Pasionaria'', be published insyd English insyd 1983. Jean MacKellar collaborate with Blouin and completed interviews and the editing of the book. However, Blouin rejected de book den attempted to sue MacKellar to block de publication because she be not satisfied de story being presented insyd "social-psychological terms" instead of as a "political testament." == Insyd popular culture == She features prominently insyd de 2024 film Soundtrack to a Coup d'Etat which depict de Congolese independence process den Lumumba ein death. == Further reading == * ''My Country, Africa. Autobiography of'' ''de Black Pasionaria'', autobiography plus Jean MacKellar, Introduction by Adom Getachew den Thomas Meaney, Verso Books, 2025. * Bouwer Karen, "Andrée Blouin: A Sister among Brothers insyd Struggle", insyd ''Gender'' ''den Decolonization insyd de Congo: De Legacy of Patrice Lumumba'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 71–99.<nowiki>ISBN 0230316298</nowiki>. == Sanso See == * African nationalism * [[Pan-Africanism]] == References == e003jcbdjwpajof42ml8n4gg83kwt0l 70202 70201 2025-07-10T19:27:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrée Madeleine Blouin''' (16 December 1921 – 9 April 1986) be a political activist, human rights advocate, den writer from de Central African Republic.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Blouin |first1=Andree |last2=MacKellar |first2=Jean |title=My Country Africa: Autobiography of the Black Pasionaria |date=1983 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-03-062759-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mycountryafricaa00blou }}</ref><ref name=author>{{cite web |url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/BlouinAndreeEng.html |title=Andrée Blouin |work=Francophone African Women Writers |publisher=University of Western Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrée Blouin |url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/blouin10.html |accessdate=25 November 2018 |ref=2}}</ref> == Early life == De daughter of Josephine Wouassimba, a fourteen-year-old Banziri girl, den Pierre Gerbillat, a forty-year-old French colonial businessman, Andrée Blouin be born insyd Bessou, a village insyd Oubangui-Chari (later de Central African Republic).<ref>Bouwer, Karen (2010), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230110403_8 "Peck'S Hollywood Lumumba: A Masculine Hero"], ''Gender and Decolonization in the Congo'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp.&nbsp;167–190, [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1057/9780230110403_8|10.1057/9780230110403_8]], [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-349-37925-5|978-1-349-37925-5]]</bdi>, retrieved 2022-06-07</ref> Dem take Andrée at three years of age from ein mommie by ein father den ein new wife Henriette Poussart, den placed insyd de Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny orphanage for girls of mixed race, insyd Brazzaville, insyd de French Congo, where she endured neglect den abuse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=9 April 2019|title=Who was the woman behind Lumumba?|url=https://africasacountry.com/2020/01/who-was-the-woman-behind-lumumba|access-date=2022-06-07|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="JSTOR">{{cite journal |last1=Ormerod and Volet |first1=Beverly and Jean-Marie |date=1 February 1996 |title=le cas des Africaines d'expression française |journal=The French Review |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=426–444 |jstor=396492}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Reid|first=Stuart A.|date=2020-02-14|title=Overlooked No More: Andrée Blouin, Voice for Independence in Africa|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/obituaries/andree-blouin-overlooked-black-history-month.html|access-date=2020-08-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Dem create dis orphanage to cover up evidence of Europeans ein "libertine ways" (wey include de crime of outright rape) den to "protect partly white children from living insyd supposedly primitive African conditions."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reid|first=Stuart A.|date=2020-02-14|title=Overlooked No More: Andrée Blouin, Voice for Independence in Africa|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/obituaries/andree-blouin-overlooked-black-history-month.html|access-date=2022-06-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At age 15, de nuns tried to pressure ein into an arranged marriage. She dey spend 14 years insyd de orphanage before she den two oda girls run away insyd 1938. As she dey grow older, she participate insyd many smaller forms of rebellions plus ein friends. She will persist insyd attending white-only cinemas until they tolerate ein presence. Insyd stores, she will ask for articles insyd French, but de shopkeepers will purposefully "answer insyd Lingala or Kikongo to humiliate am."<ref name="gender">{{cite book|last=Bouwer|first=Karen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZJiAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Lumumba|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-0230316294|pages=82–83}}</ref> Dis was due to ein having French citizenship, but having no real "right" to use de language.<ref name="gender" /> She sana will ask for butter, which be "unthinkable for an African to eat," but na she later state dat she "dey to begin somewhere."<ref name="gender" /> == Ein life matter == After she escape from de orphanage, Andrée move plus ein mommie to Brazzaville den begin work as a seamstress. While riding on a riverboat insyd de Congo River, Andrée meet a Belgian aristocrat named Roger Serruys. Soon afterwards, she move insyd plus Serruys to Banningville, where he be appointed de new director of de Belgian Kasai Company. Frustrated by ein insistence dat demma relationship be kept a secret, Andrée dey return home to Brazzaville three months pregnant. She give birth to ein daughter Rita on ein 19th birthday, 16 December 1940. Andrée meet a local Frenchman named Charles Greutz, den they welcome a son René on ein 21st birthday, 16 December 1942. At two years of age, René fall ill plus malaria but dey refuse de lifesaving quinine medication insyd local hospitals because "de French colonial administration insisted" dat na e be for "Europeans only." Blouin "pleaded" plus de mayor to make an exception but be refused, den before long he die from complications related to de disease. Tramautized by de experience, Andrée decide dat Rita should not grow up insyd colonial Africa, den after legally marrying Greutz, she den ein daughter relocate to France insyd 1946. Greutz stay behind insyd Bangui to work, while Andrée den Rita reside plus de Greutz family insyd de town of Gebviller insyd Alsace. Andrée returned to Bangui insyd 1948, den learn dat ein husband Charles dey have an affair. Not long afterwards she meet French engineer André Blouin, one of ein husband ein contemporaries, who be on assignment for de French Bureau of Mines. De two fall insyd love, den after Andrée ein divorce from Greutz be finalized, she den André Blouin dey marry insyd 1952. De couple go on to have two children, a son named Patrick den a daughter named Sylviane. == Activism == Andrée Blouin credit de untimely death of ein young son as ein primary motivation for becoming a political activist later insyd life. Ein son ein death from malaria can have been prevented plus de right medication; however, because of ein African ancestry, he be denied de proper medical treatment. More specifically, since Andreé Blouin be classified as "metisse" or "mixed" because of ein African mommie den European father, dis label be put on ein son as well, dey make it impossible for him to get de malaria treatment. Ein son was ¾ white den both she den her son be French citizens, but they be both treated unjustly because of demma blackness. Dis devastating den racist experience be a potential catalyst for ein interest insyd activism. Blouin dey launch a campaign against de Quinine Law dat prohibited individuals of African ancestry insyd French Equatorial Africa from receiving appropriate medication to treat malaria. Insyd de 1950s, she leave ein new husband den ein daughter to travel to Guinea to support de country ein independence movement. Blouin dey join Sékou Touré, de leader of de Guinean Democratic Party, insyd de fight for independence from France. Blouin drive all over de country plus members of ein party, "organizing rallies den delivering speeches calling for independence." Insyd 1958, Guinea be de sole French territory to choose independence. Through ein work plus Touré, she meet many oda activists, such as Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana den Félix Houphouet-Boigny of Ivory Coast. After being expelled from Guinea by French President Charles de Gaulle for ein political activism, she return to Central Africa to support de struggle for independence from France. She dey organize den mobilized women for de Parti Solidaire Africain, (PSA) an organization from Belgian Congo whose goal be freeing Africa from colonial rule. Blouin described how after one month insyd May 1960, she enroll 45,000 members insyd de PSA. Some of de preoccupations dat de platform reflected were the following: * To make all women, no matter what age, literate. * To promote an understanding of health den hygiene. * To combat alcoholism. * To work for women ein rights. * To work for de protection of de abandoned woman and child. * To work for the social progress of the African. The movement sana dey outline chapters throughout de provinces den empower local women to take up leadership roles in de movement. Later at year she become chief of protocol insyd Patrice Lumumba ein government, form during de aftermath of Congolese independence from Belgium. Ein position include being a "speechwriter den serving as a diplomatic liaison to European governments during de transition to independence" insyd de Congo. Before dat, she had already shown ein "mettle during de grueling weeks on de campaign trail" plus de PSA. She sana work regularly plus Lumumba, Gizenga, den Mulele insyd Leopoldville. Blouin dey work so closely plus Lumumba insyd ein "inner circle," dat de press nicknamed them "team Lumum-Blouin." However, Blouin was sana "assumed to be entangled insyd sexual relations" plus different powerful men, solely because she be a woman plus "clout" whose actions were "subverting conventional feminine roles." De media call ein "an adventurer insyd de service of communism," den she sana be said to be teaching women to "revolt against demma husbands den homes." Many articles rarely mentioned dat she be "an accomplished orator," de most "eloquent spokesperson for de PSA," den introduced many successful ideas. Furthermore, she knew how to listen to people, how to "sum up" what was needed insyd specific instances, den how to "calibrate ein interventions accordingly." Because of ein personal experience insyd de colonial system, she be able to "discern de machinations of de Belgians den demma Congolese supporters" den "plumb de far-reaching impact of de colonial educational system, particularly on women." Moreover, ein efforts to feed de crew dat accompanied ein on speaking tours were "fueled by ein understanding of how important morale be to de success of de campaign." When de Congolese "opposition took up arms against de country ein military dictator," Joseph Mobutu, Blouin be demma "spokeswoman, first from Algiers den then from Brazzaville, where President Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria sent her on a humanitarian mission to help children orphaned by de rebellions." To de Western diplomats den reporters, Blouin ein presence meant dat Congo be becoming communist. When Lumumba be assassinated, Blouin became a target. Ein daughter Eve recounts how ein mommie was sentenced to death den be forced to flee de Congo. Insyd 1973, ein husband divorced ein and she then decide to settle insyd Paris. Insyd Europe, she continue ein work as an advocate for gender den social equality, as well as for economic justice insyd various African countries. During ein life, ein activism dey raise concerns insyd de Western world: de Eisenhower administration den de Belgian authorities worry about ein supposed Communist links den de ''New York Times'' call ein an "advocate of extreme African nationalism." However, she describe einself as a socialist who be committed to African nationalism. Blouin ein daughter recount how she become a "den mother" to African "opposition figures den revolutionaries" who needed a place to stay. == End of life == She be diagnosed plus lymphoma den "dey grow despondent over de oppression dat continue even after de end of colonialism." She die on 9 April 1986. == Literary works == Blouin ein autobiography, ''My Country, Africa: Autobiography of a Black Pasionaria'', be published insyd English insyd 1983. Jean MacKellar collaborate with Blouin and completed interviews and the editing of the book. However, Blouin rejected de book den attempted to sue MacKellar to block de publication because she be not satisfied de story being presented insyd "social-psychological terms" instead of as a "political testament." == Insyd popular culture == She features prominently insyd de 2024 film Soundtrack to a Coup d'Etat which depict de Congolese independence process den Lumumba ein death. == Further reading == * ''My Country, Africa. Autobiography of'' ''de Black Pasionaria'', autobiography plus Jean MacKellar, Introduction by Adom Getachew den Thomas Meaney, Verso Books, 2025. * Bouwer Karen, "Andrée Blouin: A Sister among Brothers insyd Struggle", insyd ''Gender'' ''den Decolonization insyd de Congo: De Legacy of Patrice Lumumba'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 71–99.<nowiki>ISBN 0230316298</nowiki>. == Sanso See == * African nationalism * [[Pan-Africanism]] == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Blouin, Andree}} [[Category:1921 births]] [[Category:1986 deaths]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Central African Republic people]] [[Category:Central African Republic activists]] [[Category:Central African Republic women activists]] [[Category:Central African Republic pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Central African Republic women writers]] [[Category:Women autobiographers]] [[Category:People wey komot Kémo]] [[Category:Central African Republic non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Autobiographers]] [[Category:20th-century women writers]] [[Category:20th-century non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Expatriates insyd de Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Expatriates insyd de Belgian Congo]] [[Category:Central African Republic expatriates insyd France]] <references />{{Authority control}} ehlkpi0hoh6ssqe1d7fqevk7kwiticd Walter Sisulu 0 17408 70231 63787 2025-07-10T21:38:55Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 70231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu''' (18 May 1912 – 5 May 2003) na he be a [[South Africa]]n anti-apartheid activist den member of de African National Congress (ANC). Between terms as ANC Secretary-General (1949–1954) den ANC Deputy President (1991–1994), na dem Accuse am No.2 insyd de Rivonia Trial wey na dem incarcerate am on Robben Island wer na he serve more dan 25 years' imprisonment for ein anti-Apartheid revolutionary activism. Na he get a close partnership plus [[Oliver Tambo]] den [[Nelson Mandela]], plus whom na he play a key role in organising de 1952 Defiance Campaign den de establishment of de ANC Youth League den Umkhonto we Sizwe. Na he sanso be on de Central Committee of de South African Communist Party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trewhela|first=Paul|date=2017-07-18|title=ANC and SACP – A history together (and apart)|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-07-18-anc-and-sacp-a-history-together-and-apart/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myburgh|first=James|date=2017-01-31|title=The SACP's secret Moscow papers|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/the-anc-mk-and-the-communists|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> == Family == Na dem born Walter Sisulu insyd 1912 insyd de town of Ngcobo insyd de Union of South Africa, part of wat now be de Eastern Cape province (then de Transkei). As na e no be unusual for ein generation insyd South Africa, na he be uncertain of ein birthday, buh na he celebrate am on 18 May.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Keller|first=Bill|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, Mandela Mentor and Comrade, Dies at 90|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/06/world/walter-sisulu-mandela-mentor-and-comrade-dies-at-90.html|access-date=2022-11-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Obituary: Walter Sisulu|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-05-06-obituary-walter-sisulu/|access-date=2022-11-02|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Na ein mommie, Alice Mase Sisulu, be a Xhosa domestic worker wey na ein poppie, Albert Victor Dickinson, be a white civil servant den magistrate. Na Dickinson no play a part insyd ein son ein upbringing: na Sisulu reportedly meet am once per, insyd de 1940s, before na he die insyd de 1970s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Sisulu was mum on father|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/sisulu-was-mum-on-father-20030506|access-date=2022-11-02|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Na ein mommie ein family raise Sisulu den ein sisto, Rosabella, wey na dem descend from de Thembu clan. Na he be close plus ein uncle, Dyantyi Hlakula, wey na he be passionate about Xhosa culture wey na he oversee ein initiation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Lelyveld|first=Nita|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, 90; Political Leader Helped Shape Anti-Apartheid Fight|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-walter-sisulu-20030506-20160321-snap-htmlstory.html|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Although na he technically be of mixed race, Sisulu identify strongly as black den as Xhosa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Insyd ein mid-teens, Sisulu lef school – an Anglican mission school – make he find work.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd Johannesburg, na he work a range of jobs, wey dey include as a bank teller, gold miner, domestic worker, den baker.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Na dem fire am from de bakery for trying to organise ein co-workers.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Na he found Sitha Investments insyd 1939. E dey situate at Barclay Arcade between West Street den Commissioner Street insyd de business district of Johannesburg. Na ein objective be make help black den Indian people buy houses. During ein operations, na Sitha be de black-owned real estate agency per insyd South Africa. == References == r4tx2s7v63hhhz2xczr4wi9l43qziqg 70233 70231 2025-07-10T21:54:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu''' (18 May 1912 – 5 May 2003) na he be a [[South Africa]]n anti-apartheid activist den member of de African National Congress (ANC). Between terms as ANC Secretary-General (1949–1954) den ANC Deputy President (1991–1994), na dem Accuse am No.2 insyd de Rivonia Trial wey na dem incarcerate am on Robben Island wer na he serve more dan 25 years' imprisonment for ein anti-Apartheid revolutionary activism. Na he get a close partnership plus [[Oliver Tambo]] den [[Nelson Mandela]], plus whom na he play a key role in organising de 1952 Defiance Campaign den de establishment of de ANC Youth League den Umkhonto we Sizwe. Na he sanso be on de Central Committee of de South African Communist Party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trewhela|first=Paul|date=2017-07-18|title=ANC and SACP – A history together (and apart)|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-07-18-anc-and-sacp-a-history-together-and-apart/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myburgh|first=James|date=2017-01-31|title=The SACP's secret Moscow papers|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/the-anc-mk-and-the-communists|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> == Family == Na dem born Walter Sisulu insyd 1912 insyd de town of Ngcobo insyd de Union of South Africa, part of wat now be de Eastern Cape province (then de Transkei). As na e no be unusual for ein generation insyd South Africa, na he be uncertain of ein birthday, buh na he celebrate am on 18 May.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Keller|first=Bill|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, Mandela Mentor and Comrade, Dies at 90|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/06/world/walter-sisulu-mandela-mentor-and-comrade-dies-at-90.html|access-date=2022-11-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Obituary: Walter Sisulu|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-05-06-obituary-walter-sisulu/|access-date=2022-11-02|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Na ein mommie, Alice Mase Sisulu, be a Xhosa domestic worker wey na ein poppie, Albert Victor Dickinson, be a white civil servant den magistrate. Na Dickinson no play a part insyd ein son ein upbringing: na Sisulu reportedly meet am once per, insyd de 1940s, before na he die insyd de 1970s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Sisulu was mum on father|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/sisulu-was-mum-on-father-20030506|access-date=2022-11-02|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Na ein mommie ein family raise Sisulu den ein sisto, Rosabella, wey na dem descend from de Thembu clan. Na he be close plus ein uncle, Dyantyi Hlakula, wey na he be passionate about Xhosa culture wey na he oversee ein initiation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Lelyveld|first=Nita|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, 90; Political Leader Helped Shape Anti-Apartheid Fight|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-walter-sisulu-20030506-20160321-snap-htmlstory.html|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Although na he technically be of mixed race, Sisulu identify strongly as black den as Xhosa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Insyd ein mid-teens, Sisulu lef school – an Anglican mission school – make he find work.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd Johannesburg, na he work a range of jobs, wey dey include as a bank teller, gold miner, domestic worker, den baker.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Na dem fire am from de bakery for trying to organise ein co-workers.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Na he found Sitha Investments insyd 1939. E dey situate at Barclay Arcade between West Street den Commissioner Street insyd de business district of Johannesburg. Na ein objective be make help black den Indian people buy houses. During ein operations, na Sitha be de black-owned real estate agency per insyd South Africa. == Awards den legacy == Insyd 1992, na dem award Sisulu Isitwalandwe Medal, de highest honour wey be granted by de ANC, for ein contribution to de liberation struggle insyd South Africa. Na de government of India award am de Padma Vibhushan insyd 1998. Insyd 2004, na dem rank Sisulu 33rd on SABC 3 ein list of Great South Africans. Dem name de Walter Sisulu National Botanic Garden, Walter Sisulu University den Walter Sisulu Local Municipality after am. == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{cite book|last1=Sisulu|first1=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASBzAAAAMAAJ|title=I Will Go Singing: Walter Sisulu Speaks of His Life and the Struggle for Freedom in South Africa|last2=Houser|first2=George M.|last3=Shore|first3=Herb|publisher=Robben Island Museum|year=2001}} * {{Cite book|last=Sisulu|first=Elinor|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/52639627|title=Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime|publisher=David Philip|year=2002|isbn=9780864866394|location=Cape Town}} == External links == ct3zpdqlax7ed53ibjglyyuq2vsru0l 70235 70233 2025-07-10T22:03:26Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu''' (18 May 1912 – 5 May 2003) na he be a [[South Africa]]n anti-apartheid activist den member of de African National Congress (ANC). Between terms as ANC Secretary-General (1949–1954) den ANC Deputy President (1991–1994), na dem Accuse am No.2 insyd de Rivonia Trial wey na dem incarcerate am on Robben Island wer na he serve more dan 25 years' imprisonment for ein anti-Apartheid revolutionary activism. Na he get a close partnership plus [[Oliver Tambo]] den [[Nelson Mandela]], plus whom na he play a key role in organising de 1952 Defiance Campaign den de establishment of de ANC Youth League den Umkhonto we Sizwe. Na he sanso be on de Central Committee of de South African Communist Party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trewhela|first=Paul|date=2017-07-18|title=ANC and SACP – A history together (and apart)|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-07-18-anc-and-sacp-a-history-together-and-apart/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myburgh|first=James|date=2017-01-31|title=The SACP's secret Moscow papers|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/the-anc-mk-and-the-communists|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> == Family == Na dem born Walter Sisulu insyd 1912 insyd de town of Ngcobo insyd de Union of South Africa, part of wat now be de Eastern Cape province (then de Transkei). As na e no be unusual for ein generation insyd South Africa, na he be uncertain of ein birthday, buh na he celebrate am on 18 May.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Keller|first=Bill|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, Mandela Mentor and Comrade, Dies at 90|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/06/world/walter-sisulu-mandela-mentor-and-comrade-dies-at-90.html|access-date=2022-11-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Obituary: Walter Sisulu|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-05-06-obituary-walter-sisulu/|access-date=2022-11-02|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Na ein mommie, Alice Mase Sisulu, be a Xhosa domestic worker wey na ein poppie, Albert Victor Dickinson, be a white civil servant den magistrate. Na Dickinson no play a part insyd ein son ein upbringing: na Sisulu reportedly meet am once per, insyd de 1940s, before na he die insyd de 1970s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-06|title=Sisulu was mum on father|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/sisulu-was-mum-on-father-20030506|access-date=2022-11-02|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Na ein mommie ein family raise Sisulu den ein sisto, Rosabella, wey na dem descend from de Thembu clan. Na he be close plus ein uncle, Dyantyi Hlakula, wey na he be passionate about Xhosa culture wey na he oversee ein initiation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Lelyveld|first=Nita|date=2003-05-06|title=Walter Sisulu, 90; Political Leader Helped Shape Anti-Apartheid Fight|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-walter-sisulu-20030506-20160321-snap-htmlstory.html|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Although na he technically be of mixed race, Sisulu identify strongly as black den as Xhosa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Insyd ein mid-teens, Sisulu lef school – an Anglican mission school – make he find work.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd Johannesburg, na he work a range of jobs, wey dey include as a bank teller, gold miner, domestic worker, den baker.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Na dem fire am from de bakery for trying to organise ein co-workers.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Na he found Sitha Investments insyd 1939. E dey situate at Barclay Arcade between West Street den Commissioner Street insyd de business district of Johannesburg. Na ein objective be make help black den Indian people buy houses. During ein operations, na Sitha be de black-owned real estate agency per insyd South Africa. == Awards den legacy == Insyd 1992, na dem award Sisulu Isitwalandwe Medal, de highest honour wey be granted by de ANC, for ein contribution to de liberation struggle insyd South Africa. Na de government of India award am de Padma Vibhushan insyd 1998. Insyd 2004, na dem rank Sisulu 33rd on SABC 3 ein list of Great South Africans. Dem name de Walter Sisulu National Botanic Garden, Walter Sisulu University den Walter Sisulu Local Municipality after am. == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{cite book|last1=Sisulu|first1=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASBzAAAAMAAJ|title=I Will Go Singing: Walter Sisulu Speaks of His Life and the Struggle for Freedom in South Africa|last2=Houser|first2=George M.|last3=Shore|first3=Herb|publisher=Robben Island Museum|year=2001}} * {{Cite book|last=Sisulu|first=Elinor|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/52639627|title=Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime|publisher=David Philip|year=2002|isbn=9780864866394|location=Cape Town}} == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PG-sE6xPMnc Video footage of Sisulu's release] (1989) * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3003849.stm Mandela's tribute to Sisulu] (2003) * The African Activist Archive Project website includes the audio of a January 1987 [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=32-12E-4 Interview with Walter Sisulu] conducted in 1954 by George M. Houser of the American Committee on Africa. The website also includes photographs of Sisulu and demonstrations in the U.S. in support of the defendants in the Rivonia Trial. *[https://nai.uu.se/library/resources/liberation-africa/interviews/walter-sisulu.html Interview with Walter Sisulu by Tor Sellström within the project Nordic Documentation on the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa] – dated 15 September 1995 {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sisulu, Walter}} [[Category:1912 births]] [[Category:2003 deaths]] [[Category:Coloureds]] [[Category:South African people]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Inmates of Robben Island]] [[Category:Members of de African National Congress]] [[Category:People dem acquit of treason]] [[Category:People wey komot Engcobo Local Municipality]] [[Category:People plus Parkinson's disease]] [[Category:Prisoners dem sentence to life imprisonment by South Africa]] [[Category:Recipients of de Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]] [[Category:South African anti-apartheid activists]] [[Category:South African people of British descent]] [[Category:South African people of Xhosa descent]] [[Category:South African prisoners dem sentence to life imprisonment]] [[Category:UMkhonto we Sizwe personnel]] [[Category:Xhosa people]] rxw5h3u7widcns4jozjkx002we19t98 Abiy Ahmed 0 17409 70272 63789 2025-07-10T23:06:28Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 70272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abiy Ahmed Ali''' (Oromo: ''Abiyi Ahmed Alii''; Amharic: ዐብይ አሕመድ ዐሊ; born 15 August 1976) be an Ethiopian politician wey be de current Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018 den de leader of de Prosperity Party since 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Minister |url=https://pmo.gov.et/pm/ |website=The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia's Office of the Prime Minister |access-date=6 June 2019 |quote=H.E. Abiy Ahmed Ali (PhD) is the fourth Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420170527/https://pmo.gov.et/pm/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="16th">{{cite news |url=http://fanabc.com/english/index.php/news/item/11721-dr-abiy-ahmed-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-of-ethiopia |title=Dr Abiy Ahmed sworn in as Prime Minister of Ethiopia |date=1 April 2018 |website=Fana Broadcasting |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513170416/http://www.fanabc.com/english/index.php/news/item/11721-dr-abiy-ahmed-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-of-ethiopia |archive-date=13 May 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Na he rise thru de ranks of government via de Information Network Security Agency (INSA), wich na dem establish insyd 2006.<ref name=":43">{{Cite book |last=Gardner |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVnbEAAAQBAJ |title=The Abiy Project: God, Power and War in the New Ethiopia |date=2024-06-20 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-911723-10-3 |pages=52–53 |language=en}}</ref> Na dem award am de 2019 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] "for ein efforts to achieve peace den international cooperation, den in particular for ein decisive initiative make he resolve de border conflict plus neighbouring Eritrea".<ref name="NOBEL">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2019/oct/11/nobel-peace-prize-greta-thunberg-abiy-ahmed-jacinda-ardern-among-those-tipped-win-live-news|title=Nobel peace prize: Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed wins 2019 award – as it happened |last1=Busby|first1=Mattha |last2=Belam|first2=Martin |date=11 October 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2019|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708101401/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2019/oct/11/nobel-peace-prize-greta-thunberg-abiy-ahmed-jacinda-ardern-among-those-tipped-win-live-news|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Abiy serve as de third chairmo of de Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) wey govern [[Ethiopia]] for 28 years den de first person of Oromo descent make he hold dat position.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abiy-Ahmed "Abiy Ahmed prime minister of Ethiopia"], ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20191110225938/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abiy-Ahmed archived] from the original on 10 November 2019, retrieved 10 February 2021</ref><ref name="chair">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/index.php/article/eprdf-elects-abiy-ahmed-chair|title=EPRDF elects Abiy Ahmed chair|date=27 March 2018|newspaper=The Reporter|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327224938/http://www.thereporterethiopia.com/index.php/article/eprdf-elects-abiy-ahmed-chair|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Abiy be a member of de Ethiopian parliament, wey na he be a member of de Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), one of de then four coalition parties of de EPRDF, til na ein rule cease insyd 2019 wey he form ein own party, de Prosperity Party.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/02/22/ethiopia-s-opdo-picks-new-chairman-in-bid-to-produce-next-prime-minister/ |title=Ethiopia's ODP picks new chairman in bid to produce next Prime Minister |date=22 February 2018 |website=Africa News |access-date=22 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209051233/http://www.africanews.com/2018/02/22/ethiopia-s-opdo-picks-new-chairman-in-bid-to-produce-next-prime-minister/ |archive-date=9 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43567007 Abiy Ahmed: Ethiopia's prime minister]'', BBC News, 28 March 2018, [https://web.archive.org/web/20191011155046/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43567007 archived] from the original on 11 October 2019, retrieved 11 October 2019</ref> Insyd June 2020, Abiy den de National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) postpone parliamentary elections secof de COVID-19 pandemic. Na dem criticise de postponement, especially from de opposition,<ref>{{cite web|last=Schwikowski|first=Martina|date=16 June 2020|title=Crisis looms in Ethiopia as elections are postponed|url=https://www.dw.com/en/crisis-looms-in-ethiopia-as-elections-are-postponed/a-53829389|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203150533/https://www.dw.com/en/crisis-looms-in-ethiopia-as-elections-are-postponed/a-53829389|archive-date=3 February 2021|access-date=26 February 2021|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Endeshaw|first=Dawit|date=21 June 2019|title=Ethiopia opposition see dangers if 2020 vote delayed|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-election-idUSKCN1TM23N|access-date=26 February 2021|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331191026/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-election-idUSKCN1TM23N|url-status=live}}</ref> wey na e raise questions about de delay ein constitutional legitimacy.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 May 2020|title=Ethiopia is entering constitutional limbo|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/05/16/ethiopia-is-entering-constitutional-limbo|access-date=26 February 2021|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225190937/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/05/16/ethiopia-is-entering-constitutional-limbo|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem eventually hold an election insyd 2021. Na de [[African Union]] describe de election as an improvement dem compare to de 2015 election den positive overall, wey dey urge de government make e continue de commitment to democracy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Preliminary Statement: African Union Election Observation Mission to the 21 June 2021 General Elections in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20210623/preliminary-statement-african-union-election-observation-mission-21-june-2021|access-date=5 November 2021|website=African Union}}</ref> Dey follow rising ethnic den political tensions insyd 2020, na de Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) attack de Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command, wey start de 2-year Tigray War between de combined forces of de ENDF den de Eritrean army against forces loyal to de TPLF den de Oromo Liberation Army.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2020|title=Rise and fall of Ethiopia's TPLF – from rebels to rulers and back|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/25/rise-and-fall-of-ethiopias-tplf-tigray-peoples-liberation-front|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215062140/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/25/rise-and-fall-of-ethiopias-tplf-tigray-peoples-liberation-front|archive-date=15 February 2021|access-date=20 February 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref> After de Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement end de Tigray War, Abiy begin an effort insyd 2023 make he consolidate all remaining regional militias into de ENDF. Na Fano rebuff requests make dem disarm den integrate into federal forces, instead na dem attack de ENDF wey begin de War insyd Amhara. Since 2019, na Ethiopia undergo democratic backsliding under Abiy ein premiership,<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2022|title=Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed: Peacemaker or Authoritarian?|url=https://www.democratic-erosion.com/2022/11/26/ethiopias-prime-minister-abiy-ahmed-peacemaker-or-authoritarian/|access-date=25 November 2023|website=www.democratic-erosion.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Teshome|first=Moges Zewdu|date=15 June 2023|title=Charming Abiy Ahmed, a very modern dictator|url=https://www.ethiopia-insight.com/2023/06/15/charming-abiy-ahmed-a-very-modern-dictator/|access-date=25 November 2023|website=Ethiopia Insight|language=en-US}}</ref> wey be marked by severe human rights violations, media censorship, internet shutdown, civil conflicts den systematic persecution of thousands of ethnic [[Persecution of Amhara people|Amharas]], den ethnic violence insyd southern regions of Ethiopia, such as [[Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore|Amaro Koore]], [[Ethnic violence in Konso|Konso]] den Gedeo Zones.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 June 2022|title=Ethiopia: News - Amhara Opposition Party Requests PM Abiy to Appear Before Lawmakers, Parliament Session On Recent Killing in Western Oromia|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202206270064.html|access-date=17 April 2023|website=AllAfrica|publisher=|quote=The opposition National Movement of Amhara (NaMA) requested Speaker of the House of People's Representatives, Tagesse Chafo, to call on Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to appear before Parliament to explain why his government is "unable to stop the ongoing genocide against the people of Amhara, and why it has not been able to provide adequate support to the victims who are displaced by the recent attack in Western Oromia, at a time when PM Abiy Ahmed and his government repeatedly state that "they have built the capacity and enough security forces to ensure the security of our country and its people."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statement on the Ongoing Violence Against the Amhara People|url=https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/statement-on-the-ongoing-violence-against-the-amhara-people|website=Lemkin Institute|quote=Since 2018, when the Oromo-backed Prosperity Party came into power (led by 2019 Nobel Prize laureate Abiy Ahmed Ali), the Amhara people have continued to suffer severely, and their fundamental human rights have been heavily violated. Abiy's government amnestied previously exiled OLA members. The atrocity crimes committed against the Amhara people since 2018 include mass killings and summary executions, ethnic cleansing, abduction of children, forced disappearances, measures intended to prevent births, the forcible transfer of children of the group to another group, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and looting.}}</ref> Na politically motivated purges sanso cam be common wey na dem arrest chaw journalists den activists, by police for alleged breach of "constitutional laws".<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 November 2021|title=Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Mass arrests and ethnic profiling haunt Addis Ababa|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Andrew|last=Harding|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59347230|access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 May 2022|title=More than 4,000 arrested in Amhara as Ethiopia cracks down on militia|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/may/30/more-than-4000-arrested-in-amhara-as-ethiopia-cracks-down-on-militia|access-date=1 July 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> As of June 2022, na dem arrest 18 journalists on allegation of "inciting violence" while dem dey report give independent media outlets anaa YouTube channels.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tzabiras|first=Marianna|date=14 June 2022|title=Mass arrest of journalists in Ethiopia|url=https://ifex.org/mass-arrest-of-journalists-in-ethiopia/|access-date=1 July 2023|website=IFEX|language=en-US}}</ref> Dem sanso dey believe Abiy lead den organize Koree Nageenyaa, a secret service wey purportedly dey commit unlawful detentions den extrajudicial killings insyd de Oromia Region plus de aim of suppressing uprisings.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paravicini|first=Giulia|date=23 February 2024|title=In Ethiopia, a secret committee orders killings and arrests to crush rebels|url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/ethiopia-violence-committee/|url-status=live|access-date=29 November 2024|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2024|title=Koree Nageenyaa - secret gov't body -behind executions in Oromia : report|url=https://borkena.com/2024/02/23/ethiopia-koree-nageenyaa-secret-govt-body-behind-executions-in-oromia/|access-date=15 April 2024|website=Borkena Ethiopian News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2024|title=The "Koree Nageenyaa's" Brutality Echoes Gestapo Tactics: members of Ethiopia's State Terror group must be held accountable|url=https://ogfonline.org/the-koree-nageenyaas-brutality-echoes-gestapo-tactics-members-of-ethiopias-state-terror-group-must-be-held-accountable/|access-date=15 April 2024|website=Oromia Global Forum (OGF)|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == syudwior9i2h8xn0hh07aazjcxkn08r Hubert Harrison 0 17626 70340 67452 2025-07-11T11:25:26Z 154.161.143.56 edits 70340 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hubert Harrison == [[Hubert Harrison]] na big man wey live for early [[:en:1900s|1900s]]. Dem born am for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=April+27&cvid=bb0e439b4fbf4137b34e0e4f3e9cfb4c&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQc1NjBqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS April 27], [[:en:1883_(TV_series)|1883]], for [[:en:Saint_Croix|St. Croix]] (wey be Danish West Indies before, now na [[:en:United_States_Virgin_Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]). He come die for [https://www.google.com/search?q=New+York+City&sca_esv=52d80f397289fb06&sxsrf=AE3TifOOxj-0MEkt9YaIDW191DyaNarNgw%3A1750517395760&source=hp&ei=k8ZWaLHBLJSihbIPgOa8mAU&iflsig=AOw8s4IAAAAAaFbUo04cRVTg0zVYLiEOwFh7YBhQxPQ5&ved=0ahUKEwjx1q684YKOAxUUUUEAHQAzD1MQ4dUDCBc&uact=5&oq=New+York+City&gs_lp=Egdnd3Mtd2l6Ig1OZXcgWW9yayBDaXR5MggQLhiABBixAzIFEC4YgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAuGIAEMgsQLhiABBjRAxjHAUj6hwFQAFjff3AFeACQAQCYAekCoAGLJqoBBjItMTYuMrgBA8gBAPgBAZgCF6ACzijCAgoQIxiABBgnGIoFwgIEECMYJ8ICDhAAGIAEGLEDGIMBGIoFwgILEAAYgAQYsQMYgwHCAgsQLhiABBixAxiDAcICCxAAGIAEGLEDGIoFwgIIEAAYgAQYsQPCAg4QLhiABBixAxjRAxjHAcICCxAuGIAEGMcBGK8BmAMAkgcINS4wLjE1LjOgB-7hAbIHBjItMTUuM7gHjyjCBwgyLTQuMTguMcgHoQI&sclient=gws-wiz New York City] on [[:en:December_17|December 17]], 1927, when he be 44 years old. He marry Irene Louise Horton and dem born five pikin together. Hubert na writer, teacher, speaker, critic, and political activist wey sabi both race and class wahala well-well. Na Harlem, New York, e base. One big activist wey dem dey call [https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-Philip-Randolph A. Philip Randolph] call am "the papa of Harlem radicalism." Historian [[:en:Joel_Augustus_Rogers|Joel Augustus Rogers]] talk say Harrison na "[https://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2007/07/29/on-the-peculiarities-of-the-ne the biggest Black brain] for im time. " Another person, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=John+G.+Jackson&cvid=8b19cc59f1124b1ba88d2ad2e958a975&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEDSAQgxMTcyajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS John G. Jackson], call am "[https://www.historynet.com/hubert-harrison-harlems-black-socrates/#:~:text=Fondly%20known%20as%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20Black%20Socrates%2C%E2%80%9D%20he%20ran,pushed%20an%20agenda%20of%20black%20education%20and%20empowerment. The Black Socrates]." Harrison come from St. Croix go [https://www.bing.com/search?q=america%20&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&ghc=1&lq=0&pq=america%20&sc=17-8&sk=&cvid=6D7EB67F871E4E0E9E81943EF5D7795E America] when he be 17 years. For 1912 to 1914, he become the top Black organizer for de Socialist Party of America. In 1917, na him start Liberty League and a newspaper wey dem call de Voice. That newspaper na the first race-conscious paper for the "[[:en:New_Negro|New Negro]]" movement. From him [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Liberty%20League&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&lq=0&pq=liberty%20league&sc=12-14&sk=&cvid=B92CC2D3BE524514B1657EBEF1608092 Liberty League], many people wey lead the [[:en:Marcus_Garvey|Marcus Garvey]] movement come out. Harrison sabi think well. E dey push for people to get sense about class, make [[:en:Black_people|Black people]] proud of who dem be, and make dem no fear to question religion or society. He no believe in [[:en:God|God]] (he be agnostic and humanist), and e believe in progress and free thinking. He call himself "radical internationalist" and help shape plenty [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Caribbean+political+movements&cvid=cdc44653729949d89a4dbdf9eccfc3ce&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBBzcwNmowajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Caribbean political movements]. He influence plenty New Negro leaders like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=A.+Philip+Randolph%2C&form=ANNTH1&refig=38E384BDD571405F8FB275B207370A24&pc=NMTS A. Philip Randolph,] Chandler Owen, Marcus Garvey, and many more. == Early Life == [[Hubert Kairuki Memorial University|Hubert]] mama na [https://www.geni.com/people/Ceclia-Harrison/6000000177234820871 Cecilia Elizabeth Haines], woman wey dey hustle for her daily bread. Dem born am for one farm estate for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=St.+Croix.&cvid=354ecde9976a4e30977321b66f7af4ba&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQg4NzEyajBqOagCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS St. Croix.]Him papa, [https://www.linkedin.com/in/adolphus-harrison-42b133b4 Adolphus Harrison], na person wey dem born as slave. One old story talk say im papa get big land, but de man wey write [[Hubert Kairuki Memorial University|Hubert]] book say dat one no true say the papa na laborer till him die and no get land. As piking, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=27788935868f4c60b42c02f6e5efa9fb&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAuGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQg0ODUzajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] no get money, but e learn African culture and how him people for [https://www.gotostcroix.com/ St. Croix] dey fight for better life. Him schoolmate be [[:en:D._Hamilton_Jackson|D. Hamilton Jackson,]] wey later be big labour leader for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Virgin+Islands.&cvid=68f90510acfb47b0ab3c08f06892ce4d&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgzMjI1ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Virgin Islands.]Later for him life, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=9c96db5425f54e638c40d25eb8af8f63&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQg0NDU4ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] work with many people wey come from [[:en:Virgin_Islands|Virgin Islands]] like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=James+Canegata&cvid=c913e90197234353bdfac802219370bd&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBCDU2NTdqMGo0qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS James Canegata], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jackson-anselmo-a6a2a4296 Anselmo Jackson], [[:en:Rothschild_Francis|Rothschild Francis]], [[:en:Elizabeth_Hendrickson|Elizabeth Hendrikson]], [[:en:Casper_Holstein|Casper Holstein]], and [[:en:Frank_Crosswaith|Frank Crosswaith.]]He fight strong for [[:en:Virgin_Islands|Virgin Islands]] matter, especially after America buy the islands in 1917 and begin do anyhow with [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Navy+rule.&cvid=52fd8b1b71d84d6e9527eca442999def&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgyODE4ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Navy rule.] == Marriage and Family == For 1909[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=%2C+Harrison&cvid=cd2c1c1c7d2f4b8ca2de5f7e9f38914c&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQLhhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQg2NDQxajBqMagCALACAA&FORM=ANNTA1&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS , Harrison] marry one woman wey dem dey call [https://www.geni.com/people/Irene-Horton/4720094 Irene Louise Horton.]The two of dem born four girls and one boy. === Career === When [https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=3095&isMissingChapter=true Harrison] first stay [https://www.bing.com/search?q=New+York&cvid=b4903c2726724488afc0b8a5a59928f7&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxNDE1ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS New York] for ein first ten years, e begin write letters give editor of [https://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times.] De letters talk about things like how dem dey kill Black people (lynching), [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Charles+Darwin&cvid=2cab962b84af4f7fa0b2a4f6b7ac635f&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQc5NTNqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Charles Darwin] him Evolution theory, and book matter (literary criticism) . E also begin dey give lectures about people like poet [[:en:Paul_Laurence_Dunbar|Paul Laurence Dunbar]] and de Reconstruction period after [[Slavery in Africa|slavery.]] As e dey do civic work, [https://www.imdb.com/video/vi1276299545/?playlistId=nm0000148&ref_=nm_ov_ov_vi Harrison] join groups like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=St.+Benedict’s+Lyceum&cvid=ed579f213f614287a75781f94c5b8682&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBBzg2NmowajSoAgCwAgA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS St. Benedict’s Lyceum] ( wey Arthur Schomburg from Puerto Rico, journalist J[https://www.bing.com/search?q=journalist+John+Edward+Bruce&cvid=5e1e8ae73a6d4654843864b1efdc0507&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMTM3ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS ohn Edward Bruce,] and activist Samuel Duncan also dey inside); [https://www.modernghana.com/news/387095/st-john039s-school-marks-60th-anniversary.html St. Mark’s Lyceum (wey George Young, John Dotha Jones, and Charles Burroughs dey inside);] White Rose Home (wey Frances Reynolds Keyser dey help), and de [https://www.schemecolor.com/ymca-brand.php Colored YMCA.]That time too, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=fe0ed11052714e50a790bb8827a33829&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMzg4ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] start to follow de freethought movement ,dem people dey believe say instead of following church things wey no get head, make we use science, evidence and reason solve matter. He comot from Christianity and become person wey no dey believe say God dey (agnostic atheist) ,just like [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/huxley_thomas_henry.shtml Thomas Huxley], wey e look up to. From that time till he die, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=6a22a691d737467b925c76fd19e05b57&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMTgyajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] no dey ever like religion or belief in God. He talk say Bible na slave master book. He talk say Black Christians need make dem check dem head. He say he no go worship any [https://whitelilychapel.org/white-lily “lily white God]” or “[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Jim+Crow+Jesus&cvid=72d61e0a25e842ac9d83bd23a1e09c27&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhA0gEIMTE3M2owajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Jim Crow Jesus.]”. [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] no like the slogan “Take the world but give me Jesus” the say e dey make racism and discrimination look okay. [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=87f425e2a3a441cc8acde948e4120e89&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMDg0ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] even talk say he go prefer go hell, because for hell, na Black people (Satan and demons) dey; but for heaven, na only white people (God, Jesus, angels) dey. Anytime he dey talk against the Bible and God for him speech, plenty religious people go vex, some even fight am. Onetime, one crazy religious man carry crowbar attack am [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] collect the crowbar and chase the guy. But na [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] police arrest instead of the attacker. Later, court say [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] no do anything wrong, na self-defense e do, and dem warn the police say e arrest the wrong person.For that talk[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A , Harrison] dey argue for birth control and dey lash churches for how dem dey spread racism, superstition, ignorance, and poverty. == Harrison and Religion == [https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=Harrison&cvid=8224cb68ac974f42b57e47913fda00f0&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxODg5ajBqMagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANNTA1&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] no dey joke when e dey talk say make Church and government no mix at all. He dey support say make government tax churches and make dem teach evolution for school.E even talk say white people (Caucasians) resemble apes pass Black people because of their straight hair and fair skin. One of him popular talk be: "Show me people wey too dey carry [[:en:Religion|religion]] for head, I go show you people wey go dey happy under chain and whip, people wey go dey okay to chop sorrow bread and drink suffer water." For 1914, for him book The Negro Conservative, Harrison write say: "E suppose make Black people for [[American International University West Africa|America]] join free-thought movement pass anybody, because na dem Christianity don do pass for this country." == Work and Early Politics == === 1907, Harrison get job for US Post Office. === He support de protest style of people like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=W.E.B.+Du+Bois&cvid=1ea59f6f79dd49e49b63664a4212c997&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMTQ5ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS W.E.B. Du Bois] and [https://www.bing.com/search?q=William+Monroe+Trotter&cvid=f5b1de7fb01f421c89ea1ffbe5251421&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMDM1ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS William Monroe Trotter] early. After one case wey dem call de [[:en:Brownsville_affair|Brownsville Affair]], Harrison no gree for Presidents [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Theodore+Roosevelt+and+William+Howard+Taft%2C&cvid=2e22353c94c74810a62a183d477c9430&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQg1MDU3ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft], and e begin lash the Republican Party too. Harrison no like Booker T. Washington own style at all. He say Washington own political way dey too follow-follow (subservient). For 1910, Harrison write two letters wey e send go New York Sun, wey e challenge wetin Washington talk. As e do that, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Washington&cvid=1aa3e4e66d91455cbe139d25bc0439ee&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAuGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTI1ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Washington] own people (wey dem dey call Tuskegee Machine) plan am and [https://www.bing.com/search?qs=OS&pq=hHarrison&sk=CSYN1OS1&sc=16-9&q=harrison&cvid=84ebd5ffc5b84279bbdc0947563ea8c9&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIAhAAGEAyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQkxMjA0MGowajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] lose him Post Office work. De people wey join de plan be [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Charles+W.+Anderson&cvid=840c01c45ba043969c011e746d1f3e1b&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBCDE0MjJqMGo0qAIAsAIA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Charles W. Anderson] (big Black Republican), Emmett Scott (Washington assistant), and Edward M. Morgan (New York Postmaster). == Harrison and Socialism == Harrison first support one economic idea wey dem dey call [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Georgism&cvid=95e23072ffab4b8fba675449ae3af433&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQgyMjc2ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Georgism], but later he realize say [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Georgism&cvid=95e23072ffab4b8fba675449ae3af433&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQgyMjc2ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Georgism] and [https://www.bing.com/search?q=socialism&cvid=aca367f1625044f2b6015e322807bf91&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhA0gEIMjQ3N2owajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS socialism] no be the same. After dem sack am from Post Office for 1911, he join [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist Party]] full-time. Harrison be the top Black [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] for America that time. He dey talk plenty against capitalism, e support [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] candidate Eugene V. Debs for 1912, and e start Colored Socialist Club, wey be the first time Socialist Party try to reach Black people. Harrison write for New York Call and International [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] Review about The Negro and Socialism. He talk say racism na strategy capitalists dey use, to make workers fear and fight themselves instead of fighting them (the capitalists). Harrison say [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialists]] suppose fight for Black people like dem dey do for women and foreigners. He talk say: "If democracy go be real, e mean say revolution go happen , one wey go shake people self to even think am." == Harrison and IWW == [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] move go the left side of Socialism. He like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Industrial Workers of the World] (IWW) , the radical, equal-rights union. He talk with [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS IWW] big men like Bill Haywood and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn for the big Paterson Silk Strike of 1913. He support [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS IWW] their direct action style and even sabotage when e need. But Socialist Party still dey do racism for inside , dem get separate branches for South and dem no like Asian immigrants. Plus, the Party people for New York wey dey power no gree make [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] talk again. [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] come vex, write them say make dem "go chase themselves" , dem suspend am 3 months. Before the suspension end, he comot from the Party for 1918. After that, Harrison focus more on Single-Tax movement for the 1920s. == Race Radicalism and the New Negro Movement == 1914–15 after Harrison comot from Socialist Party, he begin work with free-thinkers, people wey no dey follow church matter, and he join the Modern School Movement (wey one Spanish man, Francisco Ferrer, wey dem kill, start). He also start him own group wey dem dey call Radical Forum. Harrison talk about many things — like birth control, evolution, books, people wey no believe God, and how race dey play role for World War I. The way he dey talk for outside (street corner lectures) help create the style wey Harlem people later follow. People like A. Philip Randolph, Marcus Garvey, Richard B. Moore, and later Malcolm X follow the path wey Harrison clear. For 1915–16, after newspaper man James Weldon Johnson praise Harrison street lectures, Harrison decide say e go focus on Black people for Harlem. He begin write review about Black theatre, especially the Lafayette Players for Harlem. He show how Black theatre help Black people express demself and see say skin color matter for dem life. As labor movement and Socialists dey put white people matter first, Harrison bring the idea of “race first”. He start the New Negro Movement, wey be radical mass movement wey want equality, justice, opportunity and economic power for Black people. That movement later help give foundation for Garvey movement, and even inspire Alain Locke him The New Negro book wey come 8 years after. == Liberty League and The Voice == 1917, while America dey fight World War I, dem dey tell Black people say make dem fight for democracy, but dem still dey lynch and discriminate Black people for US. Harrison start Liberty League and one newspaper wey he call The Voice: A Newspaper for the New Negro. This one be alternative to NAACP. The League fight for full equality, anti-lynching law, Black people political and economic rights, labor unions, support for socialist and anti-imperialist fight, and armed self-defense. The Voice paper reach 10,000 copies per issue but stop after 5 months, because Harrison no gree take advert from people wey dey sell things like hair straightener or skin bleach. And the paper no manage money well. == Later Political Work == 1918 Harrison work small with American Federation of Labor (AFL). He help lead Negro-American Liberty Congress with William Monroe Trotter. The Congress submit paper give US Congress say make dem pass anti-lynching law. Harrison talk say this war na excuse wey imperialists dey use to cover dem own bad plan. De army and people for power like Du Bois and Joel Spingarn work to scatter the Liberty Congress. But Harrison him work be the start of things like the March on Washington later. 1919, Harrison edit New Negro magazine wey focus on Black people and other people of color worldwide. He write plenty about international issues — how imperialism dey do, how people for India, China, Africa, Caribbean dey fight. Harrison like Gandhi non-violent fight, but he believe say Black people for America get right to defend demself. == Garvey Movement and After == 1920 Harrison become editor for Negro World — Garvey own newspaper. E make the paper serious for Black pride, politics, and literature. But he begin criticize Garvey for over-talk, money matter, and wanting to create empire. Harrison say Black people fight dey America, no be Africa. Later, Harrison break from Garvey, but still write for Negro World small before 1922. After that, he look for new political way. === Final Years and Death === 1920s, Harrison still dey give public talk, write and organize. He talk for radio, write book reviews, and talk about Ku Klux Klan and Tulsa massacre. He join groups like: Virgin Island Congressional Council , Democratic Party Farmer-Labor Party, Single tax movement, Urban League, Communist Party 1924, Harrison start International Colored Unity League (ICUL). He want Black people unite, get self-reliance, economic power, and build Negro state for US (no be Africa like Garvey talk). 1927, he edit ICUL paper Voice of the Negro. Before he die, he tell people say he get appendicitis and go do surgery — but he die for operating table at 44 years old. == Harrison’s Legacy == Harrison no depend on rich white people or small group of educated Black people. He reach the Black masses direct — through newspaper, street talk, and lectures. After he die, people forget him small, but now dem dey study him life again. Columbia University dey work to publish him papers and biography. == Legacy and Honors == One biographer wey dem dey call Jeffrey B. Perry write say, among all the Black leaders for Harrison time, Harrison na “the most class conscious of the race radicals and the most race conscious of the class radicals.” Perry talk say Harrison na key person wey link two major struggle wey Black people dey do — the labour/civil rights side (wey dem dey connect with people like A. Philip Randolph and later Martin Luther King Jr.) and the race/nationalist side (wey people dey connect with Marcus Garvey and later Malcolm X). Winston James, wey be historian, talk say Harrison be “the most distinguished, if not the most well-known, Caribbean radical in the United States in the early twentieth century.” As Harrison be intellectual, e be correct soapbox orator (person wey dey talk for street corner wey people dey gather listen), big lecturer for New York City Board of Education Trend of the Times series, strong writer, and dem say na first Black man wey dey do book reviews steady. Both Black and white writers, thinkers and activists praise am — people like Eugene O’Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Henry Miller, Hermie Huiswoud, William Pickens, Bertha Howe, Hodge Kirnon, and Oscar Benson. Harrison help Black writers and artists like Charles Gilpin, Andy Razaf, J. A. Rogers, Eubie Blake, Walter Everette Hawkins, Claude McKay, Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje, Lucian B. Watkins, and Augusta Savage. He be one of the first Black people wey join freethought and birth control movement, he love books well-well (he be bibliophile), and he dey encourage people make dem go library. He create Poetry for the People column for plenty publication, including New Negro magazine (1919), Negro World (1920), and the Voice of the Negro (1927). You fit find small sample of him work and poetry for A Hubert Harrison Reader (2001). All him papers dey for Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library. He books include The Negro and the Nation (1917) and When Africa Awakes. Columbia University Press dey work on two-part biography — first volume The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918 come out November 2008. 2005, Columbia University collect Harrison papers; 2020, dem put am for their Digital Library Collections website. == References (as e be) == # Jervis Anderson, ''A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait'' (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1973), 79, and Joel. A. Rogers, "Hubert Harrison: Intellectual Giant and Free-Lance Educator (1883–1927)", in ''World's Great Men of Color'', ed. John Henrik Clarke, 2 vols (1947; New York: reprint, Collier Books, 1972), 2:432–42, esp. 432–33. #  <code>[[:en:Template:Cite_book|<nowiki>{{cite book</nowiki>]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|work=</code> ignored (help) # ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', ed. with an introduction by Jeffrey B. Perry (Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2001), 1-2. This work (pp. 1–30) is used for general background on Harrison's life. # Winston James, [https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=iSAjTDHiC4MC&dq=The+Horror+of+the+East+St.+Louis+Massacre.&pg=PA123&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-century America'' Archived 2014-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, New York: Verso, 1998, p. 123.] # Jeffrey B. Perry, ''Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918,'' New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 41. # Hubert H. Harrison, "A Negro on Lynching," ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|New York Times]]'', June 28, 1903, p. # Hubert Harrison to the editor, NYS, December 8, 1910, p. 8, and December 19, 1910, p. 8; and Charles William Anderson to Booker T. Washington, September 10, 1911, and October 30, 1911, in Louis R. Harlan and Raymond W. Smock (eds). ''The Booker T. Washington Papers'', 13 vols (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972-1984), 11: pp. 300 Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine-301 Archived 2005-01-16 at the Wayback Machine and 351. Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine # Hubert Harrison, "[[wikisource:Socialism_and_the_Negro|The Negro and Socialism]]: 1--The Negro Problem Stated," ''New York Call'', November 28, 1911, p. 6, repr. in ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', 52-55, quotes p. 54. # Hubert Harrison, "Race First Versus Class First", ''Negro World'', March 27, 1920, repr. in ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', 107–09, quote p. 109. # Hubert H. Harrison, "Introductory", August 15, 1920, in Hubert H. Harrison, ''When Africa Awakes: The [https://www.bing.com/search?q=%22inside+story%22+of+the+stirrings+and+strivings+of+the+new+negro+in+the+western+world+(new+york%3A+the+porro+press%2C+513+lenox+avenue%2C+1920)%2C+pp.+5%E2%80%938%2C+quote+p.+5.&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJNDcxNDRqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS "Inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World]'' [https://www.bing.com/search?q=%22inside+story%22+of+the+stirrings+and+strivings+of+the+new+negro+in+the+western+world+(new+york%3A+the+porro+press%2C+513+lenox+avenue%2C+1920)%2C+pp.+5%E2%80%938%2C+quote+p.+5.&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJNDcxNDRqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS (New York: The Porro Press, 513 Lenox Avenue, 1920), pp. 5–8, quote p. 5.] # Hubert H. Harrison, "The Descent of Dr. Du Bois," August 15, 1920, in Hubert H. Harrison, ''When Africa Awakes: The "Inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World'' (New York: The Porro Press, 513 Lenox Avenue, 1920), pp. 66–70, esp. p. 68. # Hubert H. Harrison, "Announcement", ''New Negro'', III (August 1919), 3. # Rare Book and Manuscript Library Archived 2007-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at www.columbia.edu # ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', p. 2. # James, ''Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia'' Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine, 1998, p. 134. # Hubert Harrison Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University # Jeffrey B. Perry, Jeffrey B. Perry, "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918" Archived 2008-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, November, 2008). # A Hubert Harrison Reader, Hubert Henry Harrison, Book - Barnes & Noble at search.barnesandnoble.com # A Negro on Chicken Stealing, ''NYT'' archive # The Black Man's Burden (A Reply to Rudyard Kipling) Archived 2007-08-13 at the Wayback Machine at www.expo98.msu.edu # he Negro and the Nation, archive.org # "On A Certain Condescension in White Publishers" Archived 2014-06-28 at the Wayback Machine, in Henry Louis Gates (Jr.) and Gene Andrew Jarret (eds), ''The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation, and African American Culture, 1892–1938'', Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 373-4. # Marcus Garvey – Hubert Henry Harrison – Great People of Color Archived 2007-11-29 at the Wayback Machine at www.marcusgarvey.com # ''AAH Examiner'' article Archived 2007-11-06 at the Wayback Machine at www.secularhumanism.org # Socialism and democracy Archived 2007-10-17 at the Wayback Machine at www.sdonline.org # "Hubert Harrison" Archived 2013-08-14 at the Wayback Machine, BlackPast. h8l4yfn27e8e9jt3ketgpuqauxg945c 70344 70340 2025-07-11T11:31:16Z Yambutigra 1400 70344 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hubert Harrison == [[Hubert Harrison]] na big man wey live for early [[:en:1900s|1900s]]. Dem born am for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=April+27&cvid=bb0e439b4fbf4137b34e0e4f3e9cfb4c&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQc1NjBqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS April 27], [[:en:1883_(TV_series)|1883]], for [[:en:Saint_Croix|St. Croix]] (wey be Danish West Indies before, now na [[:en:United_States_Virgin_Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]). He come die for [https://www.google.com/search?q=New+York+City&sca_esv=52d80f397289fb06&sxsrf=AE3TifOOxj-0MEkt9YaIDW191DyaNarNgw%3A1750517395760&source=hp&ei=k8ZWaLHBLJSihbIPgOa8mAU&iflsig=AOw8s4IAAAAAaFbUo04cRVTg0zVYLiEOwFh7YBhQxPQ5&ved=0ahUKEwjx1q684YKOAxUUUUEAHQAzD1MQ4dUDCBc&uact=5&oq=New+York+City&gs_lp=Egdnd3Mtd2l6Ig1OZXcgWW9yayBDaXR5MggQLhiABBixAzIFEC4YgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAuGIAEMgsQLhiABBjRAxjHAUj6hwFQAFjff3AFeACQAQCYAekCoAGLJqoBBjItMTYuMrgBA8gBAPgBAZgCF6ACzijCAgoQIxiABBgnGIoFwgIEECMYJ8ICDhAAGIAEGLEDGIMBGIoFwgILEAAYgAQYsQMYgwHCAgsQLhiABBixAxiDAcICCxAAGIAEGLEDGIoFwgIIEAAYgAQYsQPCAg4QLhiABBixAxjRAxjHAcICCxAuGIAEGMcBGK8BmAMAkgcINS4wLjE1LjOgB-7hAbIHBjItMTUuM7gHjyjCBwgyLTQuMTguMcgHoQI&sclient=gws-wiz New York City] on [[:en:December_17|December 17]], 1927, when he be 44 years old. He marry Irene Louise Horton and dem born five pikin together. Hubert na writer, teacher, speaker, critic, and political activist wey sabi both race and class wahala well-well. Na Harlem, New York, e base. One big activist wey dem dey call [https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-Philip-Randolph A. Philip Randolph] call am "the papa of Harlem radicalism." Historian [[:en:Joel_Augustus_Rogers|Joel Augustus Rogers]] talk say Harrison na "[https://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2007/07/29/on-the-peculiarities-of-the-ne the biggest Black brain] for im time. " Another person, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=John+G.+Jackson&cvid=8b19cc59f1124b1ba88d2ad2e958a975&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEDSAQgxMTcyajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS John G. Jackson], call am "[https://www.historynet.com/hubert-harrison-harlems-black-socrates/#:~:text=Fondly%20known%20as%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20Black%20Socrates%2C%E2%80%9D%20he%20ran,pushed%20an%20agenda%20of%20black%20education%20and%20empowerment. The Black Socrates]." Harrison come from St. Croix go [https://www.bing.com/search?q=america%20&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&ghc=1&lq=0&pq=america%20&sc=17-8&sk=&cvid=6D7EB67F871E4E0E9E81943EF5D7795E America] when he be 17 years. For 1912 to 1914, he become the top Black organizer for de Socialist Party of America. In 1917, na him start Liberty League and a newspaper wey dem call de Voice. That newspaper na the first race-conscious paper for the "[[:en:New_Negro|New Negro]]" movement. From him [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Liberty%20League&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&lq=0&pq=liberty%20league&sc=12-14&sk=&cvid=B92CC2D3BE524514B1657EBEF1608092 Liberty League], many people wey lead the [[:en:Marcus_Garvey|Marcus Garvey]] movement come out. Harrison sabi think well. E dey push for people to get sense about class, make [[:en:Black_people|Black people]] proud of who dem be, and make dem no fear to question religion or society. He no believe in [[:en:God|God]] (he be agnostic and humanist), and e believe in progress and free thinking. He call himself "radical internationalist" and help shape plenty [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Caribbean+political+movements&cvid=cdc44653729949d89a4dbdf9eccfc3ce&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBBzcwNmowajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Caribbean political movements]. He influence plenty New Negro leaders like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=A.+Philip+Randolph%2C&form=ANNTH1&refig=38E384BDD571405F8FB275B207370A24&pc=NMTS A. Philip Randolph,] Chandler Owen, Marcus Garvey, and many more. == Early Life == [[Hubert Kairuki Memorial University|Hubert]] mama na [https://www.geni.com/people/Ceclia-Harrison/6000000177234820871 Cecilia Elizabeth Haines], woman wey dey hustle for her daily bread. Dem born am for one farm estate for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=St.+Croix.&cvid=354ecde9976a4e30977321b66f7af4ba&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQg4NzEyajBqOagCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS St. Croix.]Him papa, [https://www.linkedin.com/in/adolphus-harrison-42b133b4 Adolphus Harrison], na person wey dem born as slave. One old story talk say im papa get big land, but de man wey write [[Hubert Kairuki Memorial University|Hubert]] book say dat one no true say the papa na laborer till him die and no get land. As piking, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=27788935868f4c60b42c02f6e5efa9fb&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAuGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQg0ODUzajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] no get money, but e learn African culture and how him people for [https://www.gotostcroix.com/ St. Croix] dey fight for better life. Him schoolmate be [[:en:D._Hamilton_Jackson|D. Hamilton Jackson,]] wey later be big labour leader for [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Virgin+Islands.&cvid=68f90510acfb47b0ab3c08f06892ce4d&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgzMjI1ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Virgin Islands.]Later for him life, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=9c96db5425f54e638c40d25eb8af8f63&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQg0NDU4ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] work with many people wey come from [[:en:Virgin_Islands|Virgin Islands]] like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=James+Canegata&cvid=c913e90197234353bdfac802219370bd&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBCDU2NTdqMGo0qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS James Canegata], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jackson-anselmo-a6a2a4296 Anselmo Jackson], [[:en:Rothschild_Francis|Rothschild Francis]], [[:en:Elizabeth_Hendrickson|Elizabeth Hendrikson]], [[:en:Casper_Holstein|Casper Holstein]], and [[:en:Frank_Crosswaith|Frank Crosswaith.]]He fight strong for [[:en:Virgin_Islands|Virgin Islands]] matter, especially after America buy the islands in 1917 and begin do anyhow with [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Navy+rule.&cvid=52fd8b1b71d84d6e9527eca442999def&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgyODE4ajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Navy rule.] == Marriage and Family == For 1909[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=%2C+Harrison&cvid=cd2c1c1c7d2f4b8ca2de5f7e9f38914c&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQLhhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQg2NDQxajBqMagCALACAA&FORM=ANNTA1&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS , Harrison] marry one woman wey dem dey call [https://www.geni.com/people/Irene-Horton/4720094 Irene Louise Horton.]The two of dem born four girls and one boy. === Career === When [https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=3095&isMissingChapter=true Harrison] first stay [https://www.bing.com/search?q=New+York&cvid=b4903c2726724488afc0b8a5a59928f7&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxNDE1ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS New York] for ein first ten years, e begin write letters give editor of [https://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times.] De letters talk about things like how dem dey kill Black people (lynching), [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Charles+Darwin&cvid=2cab962b84af4f7fa0b2a4f6b7ac635f&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQc5NTNqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Charles Darwin] him Evolution theory, and book matter (literary criticism) . E also begin dey give lectures about people like poet [[:en:Paul_Laurence_Dunbar|Paul Laurence Dunbar]] and de Reconstruction period after [[Slavery in Africa|slavery.]] As e dey do civic work, [https://www.imdb.com/video/vi1276299545/?playlistId=nm0000148&ref_=nm_ov_ov_vi Harrison] join groups like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=St.+Benedict’s+Lyceum&cvid=ed579f213f614287a75781f94c5b8682&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBBzg2NmowajSoAgCwAgA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS St. Benedict’s Lyceum] ( wey Arthur Schomburg from Puerto Rico, journalist J[https://www.bing.com/search?q=journalist+John+Edward+Bruce&cvid=5e1e8ae73a6d4654843864b1efdc0507&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMTM3ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS ohn Edward Bruce,] and activist Samuel Duncan also dey inside); [https://www.modernghana.com/news/387095/st-john039s-school-marks-60th-anniversary.html St. Mark’s Lyceum (wey George Young, John Dotha Jones, and Charles Burroughs dey inside);] White Rose Home (wey Frances Reynolds Keyser dey help), and de [https://www.schemecolor.com/ymca-brand.php Colored YMCA.]That time too, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=fe0ed11052714e50a790bb8827a33829&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMzg4ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] start to follow de freethought movement ,dem people dey believe say instead of following church things wey no get head, make we use science, evidence and reason solve matter. He comot from Christianity and become person wey no dey believe say God dey (agnostic atheist) ,just like [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/huxley_thomas_henry.shtml Thomas Huxley], wey e look up to. From that time till he die, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=6a22a691d737467b925c76fd19e05b57&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMTgyajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] no dey ever like religion or belief in God. He talk say Bible na slave master book. He talk say Black Christians need make dem check dem head. He say he no go worship any [https://whitelilychapel.org/white-lily “lily white God]” or “[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Jim+Crow+Jesus&cvid=72d61e0a25e842ac9d83bd23a1e09c27&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhA0gEIMTE3M2owajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Jim Crow Jesus.]”. [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] no like the slogan “Take the world but give me Jesus” the say e dey make racism and discrimination look okay. [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Harrison&cvid=87f425e2a3a441cc8acde948e4120e89&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMDg0ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] even talk say he go prefer go hell, because for hell, na Black people (Satan and demons) dey; but for heaven, na only white people (God, Jesus, angels) dey. Anytime he dey talk against the Bible and God for him speech, plenty religious people go vex, some even fight am. Onetime, one crazy religious man carry crowbar attack am [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] collect the crowbar and chase the guy. But na [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] police arrest instead of the attacker. Later, court say [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A Harrison] no do anything wrong, na self-defense e do, and dem warn the police say e arrest the wrong person.For that talk[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruKOlQdeAU0svDj0Bz54-A , Harrison] dey argue for birth control and dey lash churches for how dem dey spread racism, superstition, ignorance, and poverty. == Harrison and Religion == [https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=Harrison&cvid=8224cb68ac974f42b57e47913fda00f0&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxODg5ajBqMagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANNTA1&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison]no dey joke when e dey talk say make Church and government no mix at all. He dey support say make government tax churches and make dem teach evolution for school.E even talk say white people (Caucasians) resemble apes pass Black people because of their straight hair and fair skin. One of him popular talk be: "Show me people wey too dey carry [[:en:Religion|religion]] for head, I go show you people wey go dey happy under chain and whip, people wey go dey okay to chop sorrow bread and drink suffer water." For 1914, for him book The Negro Conservative, Harrison write say: "E suppose make Black people for [[American International University West Africa|America]] join free-thought movement pass anybody, because na dem Christianity don do pass for this country." == Work and Early Politics == 1907, Harrison get job for US Post Office. He support de protest style of people like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=W.E.B.+Du+Bois&cvid=1ea59f6f79dd49e49b63664a4212c997&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAuGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMTQ5ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS W.E.B. Du Bois] and [https://www.bing.com/search?q=William+Monroe+Trotter&cvid=f5b1de7fb01f421c89ea1ffbe5251421&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxMDM1ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS William Monroe Trotter] early. After one case wey dem call de [[:en:Brownsville_affair|Brownsville Affair]], Harrison no gree for Presidents [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Theodore+Roosevelt+and+William+Howard+Taft%2C&cvid=2e22353c94c74810a62a183d477c9430&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQg1MDU3ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft], and e begin lash the Republican Party too. Harrison no like Booker T. Washington own style at all. He say Washington own political way dey too follow-follow (subservient). For 1910, Harrison write two letters wey e send go New York Sun, wey e dey challenge wetin Washington talk. As e do dat, [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Washington&cvid=1aa3e4e66d91455cbe139d25bc0439ee&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAuGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTI1ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Washington] own people (wey dem dey call Tuskegee Machine) plan am and [https://www.bing.com/search?qs=OS&pq=hHarrison&sk=CSYN1OS1&sc=16-9&q=harrison&cvid=84ebd5ffc5b84279bbdc0947563ea8c9&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIAhAAGEAyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEC4YQDIGCAQQLhhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEC4YQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQkxMjA0MGowajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] lose him Post Office work. De people wey join de plan be [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Charles+W.+Anderson&cvid=840c01c45ba043969c011e746d1f3e1b&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBCDE0MjJqMGo0qAIAsAIA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Charles W. Anderson] (big Black Republican), Emmett Scott (Washington assistant), and Edward M. Morgan (New York Postmaster). == Harrison and Socialism == Harrison first support one economic idea wey dem dey call [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Georgism&cvid=95e23072ffab4b8fba675449ae3af433&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQgyMjc2ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Georgism], but later he realize say [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Georgism&cvid=95e23072ffab4b8fba675449ae3af433&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDsyBggAEEUYOzIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBBFGDzSAQgyMjc2ajBqNKgCALACAA&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Georgism] and [https://www.bing.com/search?q=socialism&cvid=aca367f1625044f2b6015e322807bf91&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhA0gEIMjQ3N2owajmoAgiwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS socialism]no be the same. After dem sack am from Post Office for 1911, he join [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist Party]] full-time. Harrison be the top Black [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] for America that time. He dey talk plenty against capitalism, e support [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] candidate Eugene V. Debs for 1912, and e start Colored Socialist Club, wey be the first time Socialist Party try to reach Black people. Harrison write for New York Call and International [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialist]] Review about The Negro and Socialism. He talk say racism na strategy capitalists dey use, to make workers fear and fight themselves instead of fighting them (the capitalists). Harrison say [[:en:List_of_socialist_parties|Socialists]] suppose fight for Black people like dem dey do for women and foreigners. He talk say: "If democracy go be real, e mean say revolution go happen , one wey go shake people self to even think am." == Harrison and IWW == [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] move go the left side of Socialism. He like [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Industrial Workers of the World] (IWW) , the radical, equal-rights union. He talk with [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS IWW] big men like Bill Haywood and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn for the big Paterson Silk Strike of 1913. He support [https://www.bing.com/search?q=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&cvid=1d7aa8773553409e906144f152d0b5c1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQgxNTgxajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS IWW] their direct action style and even sabotage when e need. But Socialist Party still dey do racism for inside , dem get separate branches for South and dem no like Asian immigrants. Plus, the Party people for New York wey dey power no gree make [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] talk again. [https://www.bing.com/search?q=harrison&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJMTkwMDhqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS Harrison] come vex, write them say make dem "go chase themselves" , dem suspend am 3 months. Before the suspension end, he comot from the Party for 1918. After that, Harrison focus more on Single-Tax movement for the 1920s. == Race Radicalism and the New Negro Movement == 1914–15 after Harrison comot from Socialist Party, he begin work with free-thinkers, people wey no dey follow church matter, and he join the Modern School Movement (wey one Spanish man, Francisco Ferrer, wey dem kill, start). He also start him own group wey dem dey call Radical Forum. Harrison talk about many things — like birth control, evolution, books, people wey no believe God, and how race dey play role for World War I. The way he dey talk for outside (street corner lectures) help create the style wey Harlem people later follow. People like A. Philip Randolph, Marcus Garvey, Richard B. Moore, and later Malcolm X follow the path wey Harrison clear. For 1915–16, after newspaper man James Weldon Johnson praise Harrison street lectures, Harrison decide say e go focus on Black people for Harlem. He begin write review about Black theatre, especially the Lafayette Players for Harlem. He show how Black theatre help Black people express demself and see say skin color matter for dem life. As labor movement and Socialists dey put white people matter first, Harrison bring the idea of “race first”. He start the New Negro Movement, wey be radical mass movement wey want equality, justice, opportunity and economic power for Black people. That movement later help give foundation for Garvey movement, and even inspire Alain Locke him The New Negro book wey come 8 years after. == Liberty League and The Voice == 1917, while America dey fight World War I, dem dey tell Black people say make dem fight for democracy, but dem still dey lynch and discriminate Black people for US. Harrison start Liberty League and one newspaper wey he call The Voice: A Newspaper for the New Negro. This one be alternative to NAACP. The League fight for full equality, anti-lynching law, Black people political and economic rights, labor unions, support for socialist and anti-imperialist fight, and armed self-defense. The Voice paper reach 10,000 copies per issue but stop after 5 months, because Harrison no gree take advert from people wey dey sell things like hair straightener or skin bleach. And the paper no manage money well. == Later Political Work == 1918 Harrison work small with American Federation of Labor (AFL). He help lead Negro-American Liberty Congress with William Monroe Trotter. The Congress submit paper give US Congress say make dem pass anti-lynching law. Harrison talk say this war na excuse wey imperialists dey use to cover dem own bad plan. De army and people for power like Du Bois and Joel Spingarn work to scatter the Liberty Congress. But Harrison him work be the start of things like the March on Washington later. 1919, Harrison edit New Negro magazine wey focus on Black people and other people of color worldwide. He write plenty about international issues — how imperialism dey do, how people for India, China, Africa, Caribbean dey fight. Harrison like Gandhi non-violent fight, but he believe say Black people for America get right to defend demself. == Garvey Movement and After == 1920 Harrison become editor for Negro World — Garvey own newspaper. E make the paper serious for Black pride, politics, and literature. But he begin criticize Garvey for over-talk, money matter, and wanting to create empire. Harrison say Black people fight dey America, no be Africa. Later, Harrison break from Garvey, but still write for Negro World small before 1922. After that, he look for new political way. === Final Years and Death === 1920s, Harrison still dey give public talk, write and organize. He talk for radio, write book reviews, and talk about Ku Klux Klan and Tulsa massacre. He join groups like: Virgin Island Congressional Council , Democratic Party Farmer-Labor Party, Single tax movement, Urban League, Communist Party 1924, Harrison start International Colored Unity League (ICUL). He want Black people unite, get self-reliance, economic power, and build Negro state for US (no be Africa like Garvey talk). 1927, he edit ICUL paper Voice of the Negro. Before he die, he tell people say he get appendicitis and go do surgery — but he die for operating table at 44 years old. == Harrison’s Legacy == Harrison no depend on rich white people or small group of educated Black people. He reach the Black masses direct — through newspaper, street talk, and lectures. After he die, people forget him small, but now dem dey study him life again. Columbia University dey work to publish him papers and biography. == Legacy and Honors == One biographer wey dem dey call Jeffrey B. Perry write say, among all the Black leaders for Harrison time, Harrison na “the most class conscious of the race radicals and the most race conscious of the class radicals.” Perry talk say Harrison na key person wey link two major struggle wey Black people dey do — the labour/civil rights side (wey dem dey connect with people like A. Philip Randolph and later Martin Luther King Jr.) and the race/nationalist side (wey people dey connect with Marcus Garvey and later Malcolm X). Winston James, wey be historian, talk say Harrison be “the most distinguished, if not the most well-known, Caribbean radical in the United States in the early twentieth century.” As Harrison be intellectual, e be correct soapbox orator (person wey dey talk for street corner wey people dey gather listen), big lecturer for New York City Board of Education Trend of the Times series, strong writer, and dem say na first Black man wey dey do book reviews steady. Both Black and white writers, thinkers and activists praise am — people like Eugene O’Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Henry Miller, Hermie Huiswoud, William Pickens, Bertha Howe, Hodge Kirnon, and Oscar Benson. Harrison help Black writers and artists like Charles Gilpin, Andy Razaf, J. A. Rogers, Eubie Blake, Walter Everette Hawkins, Claude McKay, Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje, Lucian B. Watkins, and Augusta Savage. He be one of the first Black people wey join freethought and birth control movement, he love books well-well (he be bibliophile), and he dey encourage people make dem go library. He create Poetry for the People column for plenty publication, including New Negro magazine (1919), Negro World (1920), and the Voice of the Negro (1927). You fit find small sample of him work and poetry for A Hubert Harrison Reader (2001). All him papers dey for Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library. He books include The Negro and the Nation (1917) and When Africa Awakes. Columbia University Press dey work on two-part biography — first volume The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918 come out November 2008. 2005, Columbia University collect Harrison papers; 2020, dem put am for their Digital Library Collections website. == References (as e be) == # Jervis Anderson, ''A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait'' (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1973), 79, and Joel. A. Rogers, "Hubert Harrison: Intellectual Giant and Free-Lance Educator (1883–1927)", in ''World's Great Men of Color'', ed. John Henrik Clarke, 2 vols (1947; New York: reprint, Collier Books, 1972), 2:432–42, esp. 432–33. #  <code>[[:en:Template:Cite_book|<nowiki>{{cite book</nowiki>]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|work=</code> ignored (help) # ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', ed. with an introduction by Jeffrey B. Perry (Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2001), 1-2. This work (pp. 1–30) is used for general background on Harrison's life. # Winston James, [https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=iSAjTDHiC4MC&dq=The+Horror+of+the+East+St.+Louis+Massacre.&pg=PA123&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-century America'' Archived 2014-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, New York: Verso, 1998, p. 123.] # Jeffrey B. Perry, ''Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918,'' New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 41. # Hubert H. Harrison, "A Negro on Lynching," ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|New York Times]]'', June 28, 1903, p. # Hubert Harrison to the editor, NYS, December 8, 1910, p. 8, and December 19, 1910, p. 8; and Charles William Anderson to Booker T. Washington, September 10, 1911, and October 30, 1911, in Louis R. Harlan and Raymond W. Smock (eds). ''The Booker T. Washington Papers'', 13 vols (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972-1984), 11: pp. 300 Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine-301 Archived 2005-01-16 at the Wayback Machine and 351. Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine # Hubert Harrison, "[[wikisource:Socialism_and_the_Negro|The Negro and Socialism]]: 1--The Negro Problem Stated," ''New York Call'', November 28, 1911, p. 6, repr. in ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', 52-55, quotes p. 54. # Hubert Harrison, "Race First Versus Class First", ''Negro World'', March 27, 1920, repr. in ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', 107–09, quote p. 109. # Hubert H. Harrison, "Introductory", August 15, 1920, in Hubert H. Harrison, ''When Africa Awakes: The [https://www.bing.com/search?q=%22inside+story%22+of+the+stirrings+and+strivings+of+the+new+negro+in+the+western+world+(new+york%3A+the+porro+press%2C+513+lenox+avenue%2C+1920)%2C+pp.+5%E2%80%938%2C+quote+p.+5.&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJNDcxNDRqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS "Inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World]'' [https://www.bing.com/search?q=%22inside+story%22+of+the+stirrings+and+strivings+of+the+new+negro+in+the+western+world+(new+york%3A+the+porro+press%2C+513+lenox+avenue%2C+1920)%2C+pp.+5%E2%80%938%2C+quote+p.+5.&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIABBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFGMIDMgcIBRBFGMIDMgcIBhBFGMIDMgcIBxBFGMID0gEJNDcxNDRqMGo5qAIIsAIB&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=NMTS (New York: The Porro Press, 513 Lenox Avenue, 1920), pp. 5–8, quote p. 5.] # Hubert H. Harrison, "The Descent of Dr. Du Bois," August 15, 1920, in Hubert H. Harrison, ''When Africa Awakes: The "Inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World'' (New York: The Porro Press, 513 Lenox Avenue, 1920), pp. 66–70, esp. p. 68. # Hubert H. Harrison, "Announcement", ''New Negro'', III (August 1919), 3. # Rare Book and Manuscript Library Archived 2007-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at www.columbia.edu # ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', p. 2. # James, ''Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia'' Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine, 1998, p. 134. # Hubert Harrison Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University # Jeffrey B. Perry, Jeffrey B. Perry, "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918" Archived 2008-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, November, 2008). # A Hubert Harrison Reader, Hubert Henry Harrison, Book - Barnes & Noble at search.barnesandnoble.com # A Negro on Chicken Stealing, ''NYT'' archive # The Black Man's Burden (A Reply to Rudyard Kipling) Archived 2007-08-13 at the Wayback Machine at www.expo98.msu.edu # he Negro and the Nation, archive.org # "On A Certain Condescension in White Publishers" Archived 2014-06-28 at the Wayback Machine, in Henry Louis Gates (Jr.) and Gene Andrew Jarret (eds), ''The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation, and African American Culture, 1892–1938'', Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 373-4. # Marcus Garvey – Hubert Henry Harrison – Great People of Color Archived 2007-11-29 at the Wayback Machine at www.marcusgarvey.com # ''AAH Examiner'' article Archived 2007-11-06 at the Wayback Machine at www.secularhumanism.org # Socialism and democracy Archived 2007-10-17 at the Wayback Machine at www.sdonline.org # "Hubert Harrison" Archived 2013-08-14 at the Wayback Machine, BlackPast. dqiurnzkejo46bnljrizxgwkqn07074 Janga 0 17627 70346 66755 2025-07-11T11:37:30Z Abarikajr 3225 70346 wikitext text/x-wiki Janga, de location of Janga North East Region of Ghana, de people insyd Janga dey do crop farming, some dey do animals farming, de community is rich wit sea where dem fi catch fishes for living de life of dem. Som of de people to dey involve in commercial activities,living in Janga dey sweet.<ref>by Abarika </ref> food too no cost for janga insyd. De people to be Muslims over de Christians. De place is recognize as one of de peaceful community.. De Paramount chief sit on animal skin.. de chief is call "soo Naa". Growing rice is common in de place.very 077gfc9nptcuzr8o2c8m9hefvyr3gwr Sahrawi refugee camps 0 17628 70127 64925 2025-07-10T16:30:19Z GBOLO STEPHEN 3226 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278445434|Sahrawi refugee camps]]" 70127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ElAiounrefugeecamp.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Refugee camp in Tindouf, 2009.]] {{Sahara conflict}} The '''Sahrawi refugee camps''' ({{langx|ar|مخيمات اللاجئين الصحراويين}}; {{langx|es|Campamentos de refugiados saharauis}}), also known as the '''Tindouf camps''', are a collection of refugee camps set up in the Tindouf Province, [[Algeria]], in 1975–76 for Sahrawi refugees fleeing from Moroccan forces, who advanced through [[Western Sahara]] during de Western Sahara War. With most of de original refugees still living in the camps, de situation is among the most protracted in de world. De limited opportunities for self-reliance in de harsh desert environment have forced de refugees to rely on international humanitarian assistance for deys urvival. However, de Tindouf camps differ from the majority of refugee camps in the level of self-organization. Most affairs and camp life organization are run by de refugees themselves, with little outside interference. Dem divide the camps into five (districts) wey dem name after towns for Western Sahara: El Aaiun, Awserd, Smara, Dakhla, plus one wey dem add recently – Cape Bojador (or the daira of Bojador). Plus that one, one small satellite camp dey wey dem dey call '''"February 27"''', e dey surround one boarding school for women. Another camp wey be administrative headquarters too dey, e name be '''Rabouni'''. The camps spread wide for big area. Laayoune, Smara, Awserd, February 27, and Rabouni all dey inside one hour drive from the Algerian city called '''Tindouf''', but de '''Dakhla''' camp dey far small – e dey southeast. The camps too be headquarters for de '''6th military region''' of the '''Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic''' [[File:Camps_de_réfugiés_Tindouf.svg|thumb|Map of the camps close to Tindouf. Not shown: Dakhla.]] kn20odhpl6jfa9la2adnqbe8o1hn36a History of Ghana 0 17629 70109 65892 2025-07-10T16:19:30Z Silas Amo-Osei 3392 70109 wikitext text/x-wiki == History of Ghana == De area of de Republic of Ghana (de den Gold Coast) wey dem bab in Europe and Arabia as de Ghana Empire after de title of en Emperor, de [https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Ghana Ghana.]Back then,de old Ghana Empire dey like 500 miles (800km) wey e pass north and west wey we get now.Dem control areas around de Sénégal River,plus dem stretch go east reach Niger River area, wey now na Senegal, Mauritania den Mali dem dey.<ref>"Kingdom of Ghana [ushistory.org]". </ref>Edey appear say de empire scatter after de Almoravid<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref> general, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar, take over am for 1076 but small kingdom still dey after de Almoravid people lef. Later, dem join am plus other Sahel empires like Mali Empire<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref>.Round dat same time, wey e be south of de Mali empire for wey we dey call northern Ghana now, Dagbon Kingdom show face. De small-small areas wey timdaamba dey rule, dem come join body turn one kingdom.<ref>"2-3: The Origins of Dagbon". ''adrummerstestament''. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</ref><ref>Staniland, Martin (1975). ''The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana''. African Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-10143-1</bdi>.</ref> Bunch small kingdoms go rise later from Dagbon wey include de Mossi Kingdom<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm</ref> of Burkina Faso<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-9</ref> den Bouna Kingdom<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-10</ref> wey dey Ivory Coast<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-11</ref>. Dagbon be the first people wey them start Ghana ein educational system<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-12</ref> wey them include a university town<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-13</ref>,den writing system wey dey concern European dem arrival<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-14</ref>. As the classical era dey come end, big regional kingdoms form West Africa already,one be de Kingdom of Ghana, noth of what dem dey call am Ghana nation now. Before ego fall as the start of de 10th century, Akans move southward den found bunch nation-states wey dey around dema matriclans, wey include Bono state dema first empire in de 11th century den dem name the Brong-Ahafo (Bono Ahafo) region<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-15</ref>. == References == ioxd0xo20s5upwlbxtkkoj94yprp0h0 70150 70109 2025-07-10T16:36:48Z Silas Amo-Osei 3392 70150 wikitext text/x-wiki == History of Ghana == De area of de Republic of Ghana (de den Gold Coast) wey dem bab in Europe and Arabia as de Ghana Empire after de title of en Emperor, de [https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Ghana Ghana.]Back then,de old Ghana Empire dey like 500 miles (800km) wey e pass north and west wey we get now.Dem control areas around de Sénégal River,plus dem stretch go east reach Niger River area, wey now na Senegal, Mauritania den Mali dem dey.<ref>"Kingdom of Ghana [ushistory.org]". </ref>Edey appear say de empire scatter after de Almoravid<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref> general, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar, take over am for 1076 but small kingdom still dey after de Almoravid people lef. Later, dem join am plus other Sahel empires like Mali Empire<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref>.Round dat same time, wey e be south of de Mali empire for wey we dey call northern Ghana now, Dagbon Kingdom show face. De small-small areas wey timdaamba dey rule, dem come join body turn one kingdom.<ref>"2-3: The Origins of Dagbon". ''adrummerstestament''. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</ref><ref>Staniland, Martin (1975). ''The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana''. African Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-10143-1</bdi>.</ref> Bunch small kingdoms go rise later from Dagbon wey include de Mossi Kingdom<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm</ref> of Burkina Faso<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-9</ref> den Bouna Kingdom<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-10</ref> wey dey Ivory Coast<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-11</ref>. Dagbon be the first people wey them start Ghana ein educational system<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-12</ref> wey them include a university town<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-13</ref>,den writing system wey dey concern European dem arrival<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-14</ref>. As the classical era dey come end, big regional kingdoms form West Africa already,one be de Kingdom of Ghana, noth of what dem dey call am Ghana nation now. Before ego fall as the start of de 10th century, Akans move southward den found bunch nation-states wey dey around dema matriclans, wey include Bono state dema first empire in de 11th century den dem name the Brong-Ahafo (Bono Ahafo) region<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-15</ref>. De Mole-Dagbon people, wwey found de eary centralised political Kingdom wey dey Ghana, move from lake Chad to today Ghana. Later, Akan ethnic groups like de Ashanti, Akwamu, Akyem, Fante state den others wey we think sey them have roots in de original Bono state wey them settle for Bonso Manso.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-16</ref> == References == 87uirfzy77hreabypvjn2nifillo5h6 70162 70150 2025-07-10T16:43:07Z Silas Amo-Osei 3392 70162 wikitext text/x-wiki == History of Ghana == De area of de Republic of Ghana (de den Gold Coast) wey dem bab in Europe and Arabia as de Ghana Empire after de title of en Emperor, de [https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Ghana Ghana.]Back then,de old Ghana Empire dey like 500 miles (800km) wey e pass north and west wey we get now.Dem control areas around de Sénégal River,plus dem stretch go east reach Niger River area, wey now na Senegal, Mauritania den Mali dem dey.<ref>"Kingdom of Ghana [ushistory.org]". </ref>Edey appear say de empire scatter after de Almoravid<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref> general, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar, take over am for 1076 but small kingdom still dey after de Almoravid people lef. Later, dem join am plus other Sahel empires like Mali Empire<ref>"3: Islam in West Africa. Introduction, spread and effects – History Textbook". Retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref>.Round dat same time, wey e be south of de Mali empire for wey we dey call northern Ghana now, Dagbon Kingdom show face. De small-small areas wey timdaamba dey rule, dem come join body turn one kingdom.<ref>"2-3: The Origins of Dagbon". ''adrummerstestament''. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</ref><ref>Staniland, Martin (1975). ''The Lions of Dagbon: Political Change in Northern Ghana''. African Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-10143-1</bdi>.</ref> Bunch small kingdoms go rise later from Dagbon wey include de Mossi Kingdom<ref>https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm</ref> of Burkina Faso<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-9</ref> den Bouna Kingdom<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-10</ref> wey dey Ivory Coast<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-11</ref>. Dagbon be the first people wey them start Ghana ein educational system<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-12</ref> wey them include a university town<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-13</ref>,den writing system wey dey concern European dem arrival<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-14</ref>. As the classical era dey come end, big regional kingdoms form West Africa already,one be de Kingdom of Ghana, noth of what dem dey call am Ghana nation now. Before ego fall as the start of de 10th century, Akans move southward den found bunch nation-states wey dey around dema matriclans, wey include Bono state dema first empire in de 11th century den dem name the Brong-Ahafo (Bono Ahafo) region<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-15</ref>. De Mole-Dagbon people, wwey found de eary centralised political Kingdom wey dey Ghana, move from lake Chad to today Ghana. Later, Akan ethnic groups like de Ashanti, Akwamu, Akyem, Fante state den others wey we think sey them have roots in de original Bono state wey them settle for Bonso Manso.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-16</ref>De government of Ashanti Kingdom operate first as a loose network den turn as a centralized empire-kingdom den an advanced,highly spcialized bureaucracy wey dem centred on de capital Kumasi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana#cite_note-17</ref> == References == 9ne781qrcjxy8zscokfdv1oeabn5k0c User talk:Domatieha 3 18492 70255 69868 2025-07-10T22:34:25Z DaSupremo 9 /* Translations */ Reply 70255 wikitext text/x-wiki == Translations == Hello @[[User:Domatieha|Domatieha]], thanks for creating articles on Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. I would like to raise a few concerns on articles you are creating, I notice you create articles without referencing and it is against the basic rule of editing on Wikipedia. Kindly reference your articles to avoid them from being deleted. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:07, 9 July 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:Domatieha|Domatieha]], you are still repeating concerns that were raised above. Kindly desist from creating articles with no references. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:34, 10 July 2025 (GMT) 0zekx16f2km3n8wlgj4g5xod4vh5him J. H. Allassani 0 18537 70007 2025-07-10T12:58:57Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289912413|J. H. Allassani]]" 70007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Henry Allassani''' be Ghanaian teacher den politician. He be member of parliament den minister of state during de first republic. He be de first health minister for de first republic of Ghana. 3som3qdlr5iim0djvwkx534w0yceuv1 70012 70007 2025-07-10T13:14:25Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Henry Allassani''' be Ghanaian teacher den politician. He be member of parliament den minister of state during de first republic. He be de first health minister for de first republic of Ghana. == Early life den education == Dem born Allassani around 1906 at Gumo a suburb of de Kumbungu District about 9 km from Tamale insyd de Northern Region, Ghana then a territory of Togoland under de trusteeship of de United Kingdom. He dey receive ein elementary education at Catholic schools insyd Tamale, Elmina, Sunyani, den finally at St. Peter ein insyd Kumasi. He enter de Government Teacher Training College insyd 1924 den graduate plus ein Certificate 'A' insyd 1926. == Career den politics == Allassani start ein teaching career for 1927 for St. Peter's Catholic School, Kumasi. He teach there for like twenty-two years. For 1949, he resign make he take appointment as secretary to de Dagomba Native Administration. Dat same year, dem elect am go de Northern Territories Council, den for 1951, he enter de legislative assembly as representative for Dagomba East under de Convention People's Party. He officially assume office on 8 February 1951. On 1 April 1951, dem appoint am as ministerial secretary (deputy minister) for de ministry of development, den on 20 June 1954 he become Minister for Education, officially take de position on 21 June dat year. For 1955 and 1956, he dey argue for insyd de United Nations Trusteeship Council say make Northern Togoland integrate plus de Gold Coast. Dem appoint am as Minister for Health insyd June 1956 till September 1959 wey dem appoint am as Ghana ein Resident Minister for Guinea. He hold dat post till 30 June 1960 wey dem appoint am as chairman for Rural Housing, officially take office on 1 July 1960, Republic Day. He serve for dat role till 1 January wey dem make am chairman of de State Paints Corporation. He dey hold dat position till February 1966 wey de Nkrumah government fall. 9y0bkd0lrgyr79f7vh26g0sbk5lczfg 70015 70012 2025-07-10T13:18:46Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Henry Allassani''' be Ghanaian teacher den politician. He be member of parliament den minister of state during de first republic. He be de first health minister for de first republic of Ghana. == Early life den education == Dem born Allassani around 1906 at Gumo a suburb of de Kumbungu District about 9 km from Tamale insyd de Northern Region, Ghana then a territory of Togoland under de trusteeship of de United Kingdom. He dey receive ein elementary education at Catholic schools insyd Tamale, Elmina, Sunyani, den finally at St. Peter ein insyd Kumasi. He enter de Government Teacher Training College insyd 1924 den graduate plus ein Certificate 'A' insyd 1926. == Career den politics == Allassani start ein teaching career for 1927 for St. Peter's Catholic School, Kumasi. He teach there for like twenty-two years. For 1949, he resign make he take appointment as secretary to de Dagomba Native Administration. Dat same year, dem elect am go de Northern Territories Council, den for 1951, he enter de legislative assembly as representative for Dagomba East under de Convention People's Party. He officially assume office on 8 February 1951. On 1 April 1951, dem appoint am as ministerial secretary (deputy minister) for de ministry of development, den on 20 June 1954 he become Minister for Education, officially take de position on 21 June dat year. For 1955 and 1956, he dey argue for insyd de United Nations Trusteeship Council say make Northern Togoland integrate plus de Gold Coast. Dem appoint am as Minister for Health insyd June 1956 till September 1959 wey dem appoint am as Ghana ein Resident Minister for Guinea. He hold dat post till 30 June 1960 wey dem appoint am as chairman for Rural Housing, officially take office on 1 July 1960, Republic Day. He serve for dat role till 1 January wey dem make am chairman of de State Paints Corporation. He dey hold dat position till February 1966 wey de Nkrumah government fall. During ein tenure of office as a government official, he serve on various boards den committees, some which include; de Scholarship Selection Board, de Central Tender Board, de Erzuah Committee on Civil Service Salaries den de Committee on Transport insyd de Northern Territories. During de era of de National Liberation Council government he be sentenced to 3 months imprisonment plus hard labour by two asset commissions on de conviction of perjury den contempt of Justice Apaloo ein Commission. == Personal life == Allassani den ein wife Susana Andani have twelve children. == Sanso see == * Nkrumah government * Minister for Health (Ghana) * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == oh7ie84vu60zswjhmmsbwvvzfv0xzio Category:Muslim ethnoreligious groups 14 18538 70017 2025-07-10T13:22:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70017 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:African-American Islam 14 18539 70018 2025-07-10T13:23:33Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70018 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Ethnoreligious groups insyd de United States 14 18540 70019 2025-07-10T13:23:52Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70019 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Andrews Tetteh Amakwata 0 18541 70020 2025-07-10T13:25:07Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1263460045|Andrews Tetteh Amakwata]]" 70020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrews Tetteh Amakwata''' be a Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be the member of parliament for de Yiloyono constituency from 1965 to 1966. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sm02yl6p9kr93go1xpw6cdxervhg22n Isaac Abraham Amihere 0 18542 70021 2025-07-10T13:31:00Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1284569459|Isaac Abraham Amihere]]" 70021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Abraham Amihere''' na he be a Ghanaian politician. He be de member of parliament for de Axim constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amihere be de general manager for de Guinea Press. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0bnd6czvj2zwpm1hkhxscq2f1fhq38b 70022 70021 2025-07-10T13:39:12Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve articles 70022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Abraham Amihere''' na he be a Ghanaian politician. He be de member of parliament for de Axim constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amihere be de general manager for de Guinea Press. == Early life den education == Dem born Amihere on 30 March 1915 to Theophilus Amihere plus Ama Suamhwe for Axim insyd de Western Region of Ghana (wey den call am Gold Coast by den times). He start ein early school for Half Assini Methodist School, den he go continue ein middle school education for Saltpond English Church School wey he complete am for 1933. Later, he do private studies for shorthand, typing, bookkeeping plus English. == Career == Amihere start work for Messrs. U.A.C. insyd 1937. He dey serve de company till July 1953. For August 1953, he turn manager for de Cocoa Purchasing Company. Dem appoint am acting manager on 4 December 1956, den he serve for dat position till dem terminate ein service after de company enter liquidation. He then join Nadeco Ltd as managing director till 1958 wey he become Administrative Manager for de Guinea Press. For March 1958, dem promote am to Deputy Manager, den later he rise to General Manager level. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i6i4f6ki4ocb1ncp7ymnlc3gyg6wque 70023 70022 2025-07-10T13:42:22Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Abraham Amihere''' na he be a Ghanaian politician. He be de member of parliament for de Axim constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amihere be de general manager for de Guinea Press. == Early life den education == Dem born Amihere on 30 March 1915 to Theophilus Amihere plus Ama Suamhwe for Axim insyd de Western Region of Ghana (wey den call am Gold Coast by den times). He start ein early school for Half Assini Methodist School, den he go continue ein middle school education for Saltpond English Church School wey he complete am for 1933. Later, he do private studies for shorthand, typing, bookkeeping plus English. == Career == Amihere start work for Messrs. U.A.C. insyd 1937. He dey serve de company till July 1953. For August 1953, he turn manager for de Cocoa Purchasing Company. Dem appoint am acting manager on 4 December 1956, den he serve for dat position till dem terminate ein service after de company enter liquidation. He then join Nadeco Ltd as managing director till 1958 wey he become Administrative Manager for de Guinea Press. For March 1958, dem promote am to Deputy Manager, den later he rise to General Manager level. == Politics == Insyd 1965, Amihere turn de member of parliament wey represent de Axim constituency. Before 1965, dem dey call de constituency Eastern Nzema Axim constituency. He remain member of parliament for Axim constituency till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. == Personal life == Amihere marry Madam Adwoa for 1954 but dem dissolve de marriage for 1956. Dat same year, he marry Victoria Baddoo but dem dissolve de marriage two years later. Later on, he marry Madames Yawson plus Margaret Asare. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rl9qxqtddo33lw80vk1ji44btevr4c6 Kwesi Amoako-Atta 0 18543 70024 2025-07-10T13:50:17Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077945|Kwesi Amoako-Atta]]" 70024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwesi''' '''Amoako-Atta''' (18 December 1920 – 1983) be Ghanaian banker plus politician. For de First Republic time, he serve as de Minister for Finance from 1964 to 1966. He sana serve as member of parliament for Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965, den for Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amoako-Atta be banker. He work plus de Bank of British West Africa den de Bank of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana Commercial Bank) before dem appoint am as deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana. He dey serve as deputy Governor from 1960 until 1964 wey he resign enter politics. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i9j80c2gx2cx6iukugi33rtdfcxvejv 70026 70024 2025-07-10T13:54:24Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwesi''' '''Amoako-Atta''' (18 December 1920 – 1983) be Ghanaian banker plus politician. For de First Republic time, he serve as de Minister for Finance from 1964 to 1966. He sana serve as member of parliament for Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965, den for Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amoako-Atta be banker. He work plus de Bank of British West Africa den de Bank of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana Commercial Bank) before dem appoint am as deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana. He dey serve as deputy Governor from 1960 until 1964 wey he resign enter politics. == Early life den education == Dem born Amoako-Atta on 18 December 1920 insyd Kibi insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana (then Gold Coast). He study at de Local Government School insyd Kibi from 1926 to 1936 where he dey obtain ein Standard Seven Certificate. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rj5rmo36kyzlkzea1de4bw181u8hcyk 70027 70026 2025-07-10T14:01:39Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwesi''' '''Amoako-Atta''' (18 December 1920 – 1983) be Ghanaian banker plus politician. For de First Republic time, he serve as de Minister for Finance from 1964 to 1966. He sana serve as member of parliament for Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965, den for Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amoako-Atta be banker. He work plus de Bank of British West Africa den de Bank of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana Commercial Bank) before dem appoint am as deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana. He dey serve as deputy Governor from 1960 until 1964 wey he resign enter politics. == Early life den education == Dem born Amoako-Atta on 18 December 1920 insyd Kibi insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana (then Gold Coast). He study at de Local Government School insyd Kibi from 1926 to 1936 where he dey obtain ein Standard Seven Certificate. == Career == At de age of 16, dem employ am for Bank of British West Africa as clerk. As he dey work for de bank, he study banking den get ein Diploma for Banking for 1945. He start study for external degree from de University of London but he no fit complete ein course. As he dey work for de bank, he succeed organise ein colleagues into trade union den from 1945 to 1949 he be Secretary for de Bank Employees Union den General Secretary when split happen for inside de Union. For 1949, dem promote am go managerial status, wey make am one of de first three Africans to reach dat level. As manager, dem assign am go Credit Department of de High Street Branch of de bank make he be manager. For March 1953, he resign from de bank den join Bank of de Gold Coast (now Ghana Commercial Bank). He be foreign exchange den credit manager for de bank until 1957 wey dem appoint am assistant manager for de bank. For 1958, he get one travelling scholarship den attach am to various banking institutions for different times. Dis banking institutions be: The Workers' Bank (Bank Hapoalim) for Tel Aviv, The Central Bank of Israel for Jerusalem, Glyn Mills and Company for London, de Royal Bank of Scotland for Edinburgh, Agricultural Mortgage Corporation wey dey London den de Scottish Investment Institution. From 1958 to 1960, he attach to Messrs J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation for New York City, den to Bank Leumi Le-Israel for Tel Aviv, Israel. For July 1960, dem appoint am Deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana den he hold dat post until 30 April 1964 wey he resign go enter politics. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tmqvyyyox9pivq5wgi8gtuh91epee4j 70029 70027 2025-07-10T14:06:19Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwesi''' '''Amoako-Atta''' (18 December 1920 – 1983) be Ghanaian banker plus politician. For de First Republic time, he serve as de Minister for Finance from 1964 to 1966. He sana serve as member of parliament for Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965, den for Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amoako-Atta be banker. He work plus de Bank of British West Africa den de Bank of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana Commercial Bank) before dem appoint am as deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana. He dey serve as deputy Governor from 1960 until 1964 wey he resign enter politics. == Early life den education == Dem born Amoako-Atta on 18 December 1920 insyd Kibi insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana (then Gold Coast). He study at de Local Government School insyd Kibi from 1926 to 1936 where he dey obtain ein Standard Seven Certificate. == Career == At de age of 16, dem employ am for Bank of British West Africa as clerk. As he dey work for de bank, he study banking den get ein Diploma for Banking for 1945. He start study for external degree from de University of London but he no fit complete ein course. As he dey work for de bank, he succeed organise ein colleagues into trade union den from 1945 to 1949 he be Secretary for de Bank Employees Union den General Secretary when split happen for inside de Union. For 1949, dem promote am go managerial status, wey make am one of de first three Africans to reach dat level. As manager, dem assign am go Credit Department of de High Street Branch of de bank make he be manager. For March 1953, he resign from de bank den join Bank of de Gold Coast (now Ghana Commercial Bank). He be foreign exchange den credit manager for de bank until 1957 wey dem appoint am assistant manager for de bank. For 1958, he get one travelling scholarship den attach am to various banking institutions for different times. Dis banking institutions be: The Workers' Bank (Bank Hapoalim) for Tel Aviv, The Central Bank of Israel for Jerusalem, Glyn Mills and Company for London, de Royal Bank of Scotland for Edinburgh, Agricultural Mortgage Corporation wey dey London den de Scottish Investment Institution. From 1958 to 1960, he attach to Messrs J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation for New York City, den to Bank Leumi Le-Israel for Tel Aviv, Israel. For July 1960, dem appoint am Deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana den he hold dat post until 30 April 1964 wey he resign go enter politics. == Politics == Amoako-Atta enter parliament for 1964 take replace Michael Reynolds Darku-Sarkwa (wey die dat same year) as Member of Parliament for de Akim Abuakwa West Constituency. He win de parliamentary by-election unopposed under de ticket of de Convention People's Party. Dat same year dem appoint am Minister for Finance, den for 1965 he become de member of parliament for de Kade constituency. He serve for dis position while he still be Minister for Finance until February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. For de post Nkrumah regime, he hold various public positions like serving as Financial Consultant to Tata Brewery for 1974, den he serve inside de National Redemption Council (NRC) government as Consultant on matters wey concern socialist countries from 1973 to 1976. == Personal life == Amoako-Atta marry Cecilia Ampaw for 1946 but de marriage end for 1966. Dem get six children together. For 1957, he marry ein second wife, Emelia Lutterodt, but dem no get any pikin until de marriage spoil for 1965. He marry Mary Magdaline Okine for 1962, dem get three daughters together, den he stay plus am till he die for 1983. == Sanso see == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oyvqswi1tj6k5vrqtn8bx0r7bful07o 70030 70029 2025-07-10T14:07:21Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwesi''' '''Amoako-Atta''' (18 December 1920 – 1983) be Ghanaian banker plus politician. For de First Republic time, he serve as de Minister for Finance from 1964 to 1966. He sana serve as member of parliament for Akim Abuakwa West constituency from 1964 to 1965, den for Kade constituency from 1965 to 1966. Before he enter politics, Amoako-Atta be banker. He work plus de Bank of British West Africa den de Bank of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana Commercial Bank) before dem appoint am as deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana. He dey serve as deputy Governor from 1960 until 1964 wey he resign enter politics. == Early life den education == Dem born Amoako-Atta on 18 December 1920 insyd Kibi insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana (then Gold Coast). He study at de Local Government School insyd Kibi from 1926 to 1936 where he dey obtain ein Standard Seven Certificate. == Career == At de age of 16, dem employ am for Bank of British West Africa as clerk. As he dey work for de bank, he study banking den get ein Diploma for Banking for 1945. He start study for external degree from de University of London but he no fit complete ein course. As he dey work for de bank, he succeed organise ein colleagues into trade union den from 1945 to 1949 he be Secretary for de Bank Employees Union den General Secretary when split happen for inside de Union. For 1949, dem promote am go managerial status, wey make am one of de first three Africans to reach dat level. As manager, dem assign am go Credit Department of de High Street Branch of de bank make he be manager. For March 1953, he resign from de bank den join Bank of de Gold Coast (now Ghana Commercial Bank). He be foreign exchange den credit manager for de bank until 1957 wey dem appoint am assistant manager for de bank. For 1958, he get one travelling scholarship den attach am to various banking institutions for different times. Dis banking institutions be: The Workers' Bank (Bank Hapoalim) for Tel Aviv, The Central Bank of Israel for Jerusalem, Glyn Mills and Company for London, de Royal Bank of Scotland for Edinburgh, Agricultural Mortgage Corporation wey dey London den de Scottish Investment Institution. From 1958 to 1960, he attach to Messrs J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation for New York City, den to Bank Leumi Le-Israel for Tel Aviv, Israel. For July 1960, dem appoint am Deputy Governor of de Bank of Ghana den he hold dat post until 30 April 1964 wey he resign go enter politics. == Politics == Amoako-Atta enter parliament for 1964 take replace Michael Reynolds Darku-Sarkwa (wey die dat same year) as Member of Parliament for de Akim Abuakwa West Constituency. He win de parliamentary by-election unopposed under de ticket of de Convention People's Party. Dat same year dem appoint am Minister for Finance, den for 1965 he become de member of parliament for de Kade constituency. He serve for dis position while he still be Minister for Finance until February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. For de post Nkrumah regime, he hold various public positions like serving as Financial Consultant to Tata Brewery for 1974, den he serve inside de National Redemption Council (NRC) government as Consultant on matters wey concern socialist countries from 1973 to 1976. == Personal life == Amoako-Atta marry Cecilia Ampaw for 1946 but de marriage end for 1966. Dem get six children together. For 1957, he marry ein second wife, Emelia Lutterodt, but dem no get any pikin until de marriage spoil for 1965. He marry Mary Magdaline Okine for 1962, dem get three daughters together, den he stay plus am till he die for 1983. == Sanso see == * Minister for Finance and Economic Planning * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1f2z57xfncsy49i0kp41rlel6pc332h Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar 0 18544 70047 2025-07-10T15:26:11Z YARTEY117 3396 Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group 70047 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group mfqjb7ekxffne4zbedovdug1wk4cx17 70048 70047 2025-07-10T15:27:09Z YARTEY117 3396 wey 70048 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey''' t74qy5re6b4jmyy50cm6h4cutjgy9iu 70049 70048 2025-07-10T15:27:49Z YARTEY117 3396 young 70049 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young''' 6f2omisy5dqvq3swcdzx8bz1r6xnotm 70051 70049 2025-07-10T15:28:47Z YARTEY117 3396 volunteer 70051 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer''' 7s982a681me453645y60fb308rzprwh 70052 70051 2025-07-10T15:29:00Z YARTEY117 3396 dey 70052 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer dey''' czdl29xjjil4a3rzo91o28oo81ffec1 70053 70052 2025-07-10T15:29:46Z YARTEY117 3396 form 70053 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form''' n8jz89pq0zdof57h3eiejvh5dw6k8wl 70054 70053 2025-07-10T15:31:05Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70054 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.''' 7acyvh9dpiut0w95jdz9tzpofjcgirg 70055 70054 2025-07-10T15:31:51Z YARTEY117 3396 DEM 70055 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem''' 469qixre5tzvgwsp4y6475v1kh8c70t 70056 70055 2025-07-10T15:32:09Z YARTEY117 3396 get 70056 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get''' md1zi2u66yqfh08jd2zkonjmk0rolci 70057 70056 2025-07-10T15:32:23Z YARTEY117 3396 one 70057 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one''' 57zjo6d73khc8293soqmd2x9nz7bqmj 70058 70057 2025-07-10T15:32:38Z YARTEY117 3396 aim 70058 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim''' 1tywuy91hzrjonz2qciq4rizs4cvi1f 70059 70058 2025-07-10T15:33:05Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70059 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.''' i2weg4c5u4re108v3w1vhcrjde001sr 70060 70059 2025-07-10T15:33:39Z YARTEY117 3396 To 70060 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To''' 6nkmuqhe3we5faf5ycw70q0xpe7rsbs 70061 70060 2025-07-10T15:33:54Z YARTEY117 3396 spread 70061 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread''' kjf9n0lllxydc0hbfanknmu62nprhw0 70063 70061 2025-07-10T15:34:59Z YARTEY117 3396 all 70063 wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all''' 88za3o45xbuki8xh16ihsk81nykac8n 70071 70063 2025-07-10T15:52:29Z YARTEY117 3396 wey 70071 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with oth''' 62licof1ra667f4p11sznb62w8vzw4u 70072 70071 2025-07-10T15:53:45Z YARTEY117 3396 na 70072 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with oth''' 0ctzglqe2pabd8q3pycpmhnap62wt23 70074 70072 2025-07-10T15:54:21Z YARTEY117 3396 others 70074 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' mfk7jr41zwx4kv9883z7c9zww6ugqr0 70076 70074 2025-07-10T15:56:02Z YARTEY117 3396 History 70076 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == 9ajw94jxeu9n5aj43dsyz0azwe0uxlv 70079 70076 2025-07-10T15:59:29Z YARTEY117 3396 /* History */ 70079 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> mdedeq8w05h9ccromhuf3tl37x75nfy 70080 70079 2025-07-10T16:01:30Z YARTEY117 3396 dey 70080 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> g0tg69wtv91pbr6a5icshgiht64vd2e 70081 70080 2025-07-10T16:02:57Z YARTEY117 3396 sabi 70081 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> nxgy1bcg5vcqhjbpab4wgi7dadeb30s 70082 70081 2025-07-10T16:03:19Z YARTEY117 3396 di 70082 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> tp49219784ard79po1el2aojzdnzg8q 70083 70082 2025-07-10T16:03:38Z YARTEY117 3396 dey 70083 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> 11tedz4zk8j159bjgcepbnv5ojnf8ly 70084 70083 2025-07-10T16:03:57Z YARTEY117 3396 sabi 70084 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.<ref>Di</ref> j124ze7x2lm8ex8x8jpjxsgb1w1ftsz 70086 70084 2025-07-10T16:05:32Z YARTEY117 3396 Goals 70086 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == t4u7octyj0imwefccdy5ca2zipjp8cj 70088 70086 2025-07-10T16:07:01Z YARTEY117 3396 1 70088 wikitext text/x-wiki toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1 rg6pnlnna7l6b535ouncskz66q0ycix 70089 70088 2025-07-10T16:07:20Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70089 wikitext text/x-wiki .toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1. ho2xvl7kxez23m34piusb9zdxqxy9d5 70090 70089 2025-07-10T16:07:52Z YARTEY117 3396 to 70090 wikitext text/x-wiki .toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to''' * p8nom0phz7jfdpu5675sj2c58nx5rtx 70091 70090 2025-07-10T16:08:37Z YARTEY117 3396 carry 70091 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry''' * 6b1d1v2093t6n33albwi0yi7zgt4jal 70092 70091 2025-07-10T16:08:50Z YARTEY117 3396 go 70092 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go''' * tdi68z1mb8h5s1rg3qwmle073raao2w 70093 70092 2025-07-10T16:09:06Z YARTEY117 3396 front 70093 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front''' * iioeffnay2fw40je45wdmqwt50vf9ak 70095 70093 2025-07-10T16:10:57Z YARTEY117 3396 na 70095 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front nacommunity of volunteers wey wan make Wikipedia better, both in quality and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * l9obvp2vf6ky1lxscu8kxjlbj5mpf4r 70097 70095 2025-07-10T16:11:42Z YARTEY117 3396 community 70097 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of volunteers wey wan make Wikipedia better, both in quality and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 4rbi9sf9g9g636mypdif8g7ffjjd2o0 70098 70097 2025-07-10T16:12:17Z YARTEY117 3396 di 70098 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di wey wan make Wikipedia better, both in quality and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * bk574z2h7gg6d1f1fgik15j8pd2wpel 70099 70098 2025-07-10T16:12:51Z YARTEY117 3396 people 70099 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make Wikipedia better, both in quality and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 85a0m7bbyx1db76unyrutro58ex20l1 70101 70099 2025-07-10T16:14:07Z YARTEY117 3396 wikipedia 70101 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both in quality and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * kj9catt2v0zysq7z84sudrjl2rrvjd2 70103 70101 2025-07-10T16:16:07Z YARTEY117 3396 wey 70103 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 60gq4l9hn2zywfd23uffnnpzmagxpti 70105 70103 2025-07-10T16:16:36Z YARTEY117 3396 wey edey 70105 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 9wt76bcih5o70lnn6wetg4tq4lnh43z 70107 70105 2025-07-10T16:17:16Z YARTEY117 3396 quantity 70107 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 095vmt3d3c0bnbssxz9asbpl0eu6x1m 70108 70107 2025-07-10T16:17:50Z YARTEY117 3396 quantity 70108 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem dey do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 2eixebzghvh2h46392ny7tas0s0km69 70110 70108 2025-07-10T16:19:44Z YARTEY117 3396 de 70110 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.''' * 0rs2pw575rsen99um07yzo61f45y5ht 70113 70110 2025-07-10T16:20:22Z YARTEY117 3396 ena 70113 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' * pf6nwcyzxhmm15fk81qkmjf0sbnbjlq 70115 70113 2025-07-10T16:22:05Z YARTEY117 3396 2 70115 wikitext text/x-wiki c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2 lc7s3x3wndw6c3ruq42qhsc5smudpj4 70116 70115 2025-07-10T16:22:25Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70116 wikitext text/x-wiki .c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2. r5oxsq7za5r3idmk2eftp5vs800flfj 70117 70116 2025-07-10T16:25:22Z YARTEY117 3396 dem 70117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, so dat people for Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. 9efjl427sz6bk7dqeibzph7aba4tot6 70118 70117 2025-07-10T16:26:09Z YARTEY117 3396 share 70118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, so dat people for Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. 03ha3cwh8wfmyen5j5ass5hgjp2d8zq 70120 70118 2025-07-10T16:27:24Z YARTEY117 3396 ena 70120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.toriWikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people for Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. knyk43froo7setkndh0yeg61a9zggi0 70121 70120 2025-07-10T16:28:23Z YARTEY117 3396 70121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people for Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. ot226vzuvmrdc52sloamd2k1gdpieyn 70122 70121 2025-07-10T16:29:03Z YARTEY117 3396 wey 70122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. cxd5bkjilyua3mtup3a6rwz6s3ygysw 70124 70122 2025-07-10T16:29:27Z YARTEY117 3396 dem 70124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. k9k2h1bcskhztw8qd0nc2rwi71wmppi 70125 70124 2025-07-10T16:29:45Z YARTEY117 3396 de 70125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. a8c5b9noo7ui9up05mzmdpr3k8145r4 70128 70125 2025-07-10T16:30:48Z YARTEY117 3396 70128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabi things well. 6hy86oajvmvmmru4onjyniijiweft31 70129 70128 2025-07-10T16:31:36Z YARTEY117 3396 sabe 70129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 1ssis5qxm0qu8y0b2qnlr26z9s9rymq 70132 70129 2025-07-10T16:33:16Z YARTEY117 3396 3 70132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3 dqubgwjm0c5kkaifqx6lm70b7e74kzp 70133 70132 2025-07-10T16:33:34Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3. k9kstdnzm2pjs247f4kg8m22qbl4pdg 70134 70133 2025-07-10T16:34:02Z YARTEY117 3396 de 70134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organise conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, and even competitions, all based on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' 33q7cfdrhj6feruxh1nk9nxk3dpppws 70136 70134 2025-07-10T16:34:24Z YARTEY117 3396 organize 70136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, and even competitions, all based on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' 36pstk5y7os5gqjnuh8z4xb8r7jj74v 70137 70136 2025-07-10T16:35:09Z YARTEY117 3396 ena 70137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, enacompetitions, all based on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' snj9gm0l68zjytyg3obe6ilour6qc39 70143 70137 2025-07-10T16:35:52Z YARTEY117 3396 70143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all based on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' 7uv4culidqydce1udv1fyktu8vwd8zt 70147 70143 2025-07-10T16:36:26Z YARTEY117 3396 dey 70147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all deyon wetin di Movement dey plan.''' hkzgv1o2xi38wpc9uyj03ng0om3erj4 70149 70147 2025-07-10T16:36:41Z YARTEY117 3396 70149 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' eo0pyvk2zmo4gbajqv42o6xp41fad6l 70152 70149 2025-07-10T16:37:07Z YARTEY117 3396 center 70152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan.''' o47hjbaeyrfyk6nm0kqebtkia6poybb 70153 70152 2025-07-10T16:37:27Z YARTEY117 3396 70153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects.'''.c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan''' sgukecico4i5hcpsjh95is3ztw24jj2 70154 70153 2025-07-10T16:37:33Z Prempy 3194 70154 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects..c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan''' f0ov9y50y98ve5ljcukizaye1pg23sn 70156 70154 2025-07-10T16:38:15Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70156 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects..c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' f2luvi8edkq98nh2tis6rmeln5giwcc 70158 70156 2025-07-10T16:39:03Z YARTEY117 3396 4 70158 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects..c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4 j3hm59grsdnxnibhrgmgb9agm0e4wp6 70159 70158 2025-07-10T16:39:31Z YARTEY117 3396 . 70159 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects..c.tori Wikimédia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. i71twod0ir7xk5hld59h5it8wtdodt7 70168 70159 2025-07-10T16:52:04Z Prempy 3194 70168 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group '''wey young volunteer form.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. nyswbcepgpakspcshum35fbpvy6je66 70170 70168 2025-07-10T16:52:28Z Prempy 3194 70170 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.Dem get one aim.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. d4x71sq4qj5gaihs2r6nuujtnx2d6e2 70171 70170 2025-07-10T16:52:41Z Prempy 3194 70171 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.'''Dem get one aim'''.To spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. rgp17h6pedk7b4sezbuj3n431a7hh4x 70172 70171 2025-07-10T16:53:00Z Prempy 3194 70172 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim t'''o spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 2kiy15sp64amp9d9h2rfmz3kzni6bp8 70173 70172 2025-07-10T16:53:14Z Prempy 3194 70173 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''. Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute, plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 730pzzs2h1iuq43zb6otak61e8v6bib 70174 70173 2025-07-10T16:53:31Z Prempy 3194 70174 wikitext text/x-wiki .Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''', plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 6bpmzmczx6oegxb0dfte4hc55yutq2j 70176 70174 2025-07-10T16:53:42Z Prempy 3194 70176 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''', plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others''' == '''''History''''' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 2v7jguwwf746onobhbo7q0khlot0w9i 70177 70176 2025-07-10T16:54:19Z Prempy 3194 70177 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others == ''History'' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. laf5ub84dv229mxgm2dx1r8abvp9u31 70301 70177 2025-07-11T01:46:20Z Prempy 3194 Fixed typo 70301 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == ''History'' == === Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. === == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 2stz5tsw5bqrptpt5a6kq40cmx714oi 70302 70301 2025-07-11T01:47:07Z Prempy 3194 /* History */ 70302 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == ''History'' == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still deywork with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call '''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''. == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 1oirjz7e5xh98i6or6qxfu3sk0s4tih 70303 70302 2025-07-11T01:48:34Z Prempy 3194 /* History */ Fixed grammar 70303 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1.'''to carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. p8p2nqd0wr95hj74ucc01l1fwfgr0p5 70304 70303 2025-07-11T01:49:19Z Prempy 3194 /* Goals */ 70304 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1.''''''to carry go front na community''' of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. k407nmkjs59j1oc9gt94e5bqsjr2uoq 70305 70304 2025-07-11T01:50:02Z Prempy 3194 /* Goals */ 70305 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1. To carry go front na community''' of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity , by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects.''' 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. 6913795u3mns7oy8fqcb68bvto5f9dk 70306 70305 2025-07-11T01:50:51Z Prempy 3194 /* Goals */ Fixed grammar 70306 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1. To carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern Madagascar. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects. 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. flqzxr9d9ynotbquzivox1gba5pow0x 70307 70306 2025-07-11T01:51:10Z Prempy 3194 /* Goals */ 70307 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1. To carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern [[Madagascar]]. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects. 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.'''Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan .''' 4. cictujtfnsr1sv6bm68upoenzbd9ex6 70308 70307 2025-07-11T01:52:23Z Prempy 3194 /* Goals */ Fixed grammar 70308 wikitext text/x-wiki Na group of volunteers wey dey work to make Wikipedia better — both for how correct di content be (quality) and how many articles dey (quantity). Dem dey write new articles and still improve di ones wey don already dey, especially the ones wey talk about Madagascar. Dem dey do all dis through different Wikimedia campaigns and projects. Wikimedia Community User Group Madagascar na group wey young volunteer form'''.''' Dem get one aim to spread all tori wey concern Madagascar, whether na to write new article or to make the old ones better'''.''' Di group dey promote partnership with other African people wey dey contribute''',''' plus people wey dey write from all over di world. Dem dey also do joint projects with others. == History == Di community start for di end of 2022. Since den, dem don dey join hand for different Wikipedia activities to become part of di movement well-well, make dem get more people wey go contribute, and also make people sabi di community more. Dem still dey work with other African countries, all na because of one project wey dem dey call ''''''Wiki Wake-up Africa'''.''' == Goals == 1. To carry go front na community of di people wey wan make wikipedia better, both wey edey the quantity and quantity, by writing and improving articles wey concern [[Madagascar]]. Dem de do am through different Wikimedia campaigns ena projects. 2.Dem dey share di passion to contribute to Wikipedia ena projects, so dat people wey dem de Madagascar fit get free access to knowledge and sabe things well. 3.Dem de organize conventions, conferences, meetings, workshops, ena competitions, all dey center on wetin di Movement dey plan . 4. dyaigk7hwz9ix09ueqv8vgluykcfedg Edward Benjamin Kwesi Ampah Jnr 0 18545 70064 2025-07-10T15:39:20Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077953|Edward Benjamin Kwesi Ampah Jnr]]" 70064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Benjamin Kwesi Ampah Jnr''', sana known by de name '''Eddie Ampah''', be a Ghanaian author den politician. He be de member of parliament for de Asebu constituency from 1965 to 1966. 7bu4gb0a3w826bf589w51sx1yh52muz 70067 70064 2025-07-10T15:44:30Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Benjamin Kwesi Ampah Jnr''', sana known by de name '''Eddie Ampah''', be a Ghanaian author den politician. He be de member of parliament for de Asebu constituency from 1965 to 1966. == Early life den education == Dem born Ampah on 6 March 1925 at Saltpond insyd de Central Region. He have ein secondary education at de Accra Academy from 1941 to 1945. == Politics == Ampah be a Councillor of de Cape Coast Town Council. He be elected chairman of de Cape Coast Municipal Council insyd 1954. He remain insyd dis position until 1958. Insyd 1956, he be one of de candidates wey Convention People's Party nominate make he represent Cape Coast electoral area for de 1956 Legislative Assembly elections but Nathaniel Azarco Welbeck na dem finally choose make he contest for de seat. On 1 July 1959, dem appoint am as district commissioner for Cape Coast den regional secretary of Convention People's Party for Central Region. For 1965, he become de member of parliament for Asebu constituency. He serve for dis position until 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. 34lyazwmpb8vkmmyillzg6qzvh6itlm 70068 70067 2025-07-10T15:45:49Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Benjamin Kwesi Ampah Jnr''', sana known by de name '''Eddie Ampah''', be a Ghanaian author den politician. He be de member of parliament for de Asebu constituency from 1965 to 1966. == Early life den education == Dem born Ampah on 6 March 1925 at Saltpond insyd de Central Region. He have ein secondary education at de Accra Academy from 1941 to 1945. == Politics == Ampah be a Councillor of de Cape Coast Town Council. He be elected chairman of de Cape Coast Municipal Council insyd 1954. He remain insyd dis position until 1958. Insyd 1956, he be one of de candidates wey Convention People's Party nominate make he represent Cape Coast electoral area for de 1956 Legislative Assembly elections but Nathaniel Azarco Welbeck na dem finally choose make he contest for de seat. On 1 July 1959, dem appoint am as district commissioner for Cape Coast den regional secretary of Convention People's Party for Central Region. For 1965, he become de member of parliament for Asebu constituency. He serve for dis position until 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. == Death == Ampah Jnr die insyd de late 1960s. == Publications == * ''De tears of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah: the Rise of the Convention People's party'' (1951) * ''De Gold Coast Tomorrow'' (1955) * ''Osagyefo in the Central Region'' (1960) == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == mshoz9ljtrth9svcowf572t55p31nea Repatriation of the Benin Bronzes to Nigeria 0 18546 70065 2025-07-10T15:42:21Z Zoey Tricia 3393 Created page with "De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expeditio..." 70065 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref> == References == <references /> edrdxhlnl5ebzf571t76e71z87yw6vw 70066 70065 2025-07-10T15:44:01Z Zoey Tricia 3393 70066 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == References == <references /> gm62eox0ety417ngxg16w0i2l14h9ao 70069 70066 2025-07-10T15:46:56Z Zoey Tricia 3393 70069 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == == References == <references /> nyl082dyqpy5rbb5qgr2qlun7rejukv 70070 70069 2025-07-10T15:50:42Z Zoey Tricia 3393 Wetin Dey Behind 70070 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation == References == <references /> b7ha7k8lgzanmheptt4zq0m189n46tz 70073 70070 2025-07-10T15:54:00Z Zoey Tricia 3393 Wetin Dey Behind 70073 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do. == References == <references /> fvhdsvjxy2a8l6xbfqpgzpitndtvyda 70078 70073 2025-07-10T15:58:24Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Wetin Dey Behind */ 70078 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. == References == <references /> 6br7fm92nnso7dw4catdgbzt8pya1rn 70085 70078 2025-07-10T16:04:19Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Wetin Dey Behind */ 70085 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share. == References == <references /> 0rvzfgociaeai1lmjerd2918wc9zg96 70087 70085 2025-07-10T16:06:13Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Wetin Dey Behind */ 70087 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref> == References == <references /> dw9d0d09nq9uu37tnogw7b9llh0qgmk 70094 70087 2025-07-10T16:10:09Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Wetin Dey Behind */ 70094 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == References == <references /> pt4xrqsdqqmjwjon6avib40knmiy7xa 70100 70094 2025-07-10T16:14:05Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Wetin Dey Behind */ 70100 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == == References == <references /> k3j58n38zairjz1h8juz530psal0aji 70104 70100 2025-07-10T16:16:34Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70104 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. == References == <references /> 87etxbd4hr6u84nw3rlbe7z2tkidlo5 70106 70104 2025-07-10T16:17:06Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70106 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. == References == <references /> jbibmbrkds6m99s2q2um8d1i3s89oy7 70112 70106 2025-07-10T16:20:07Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70112 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. == References == <references /> 1ly1tcsznbs8dkkw40tcioaqhhynxpa 70119 70112 2025-07-10T16:26:22Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70119 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref> == References == <references /> pvfvuzriim7asa95loqk6yzgrns9ncg 70126 70119 2025-07-10T16:29:52Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70126 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause. == References == <references /> l63xj07n8uheoe1wy6wk5smoqi9ivvv 70131 70126 2025-07-10T16:32:47Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70131 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/germany-returns-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria/a-64165962</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. == References == <references /> eezfqum3inf9hn1kmp0ppby4xkg2dz9 70139 70131 2025-07-10T16:35:18Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70139 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/germany-returns-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria/a-64165962</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref> == References == <references /> kfbj2h3ubbsshrqdwuk19tlizlk8o0z 70155 70139 2025-07-10T16:37:40Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70155 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> == References == <references /> 5r3saryu70qdfq0abxko9baj2uiz2bw 70161 70155 2025-07-10T16:42:19Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70161 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> '''United Kingdom''' British museums dey move very slowl for this matter. Na Horniman Museum for London first return bronzes for UK, and dem do am for November 2022. Talk still dey go on with British Museum, sake of about 900 objects wey dem hold still dey under one law wey Parliament put. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology too don dey face pressure to return over 100 items, but as of early 2025, dem still dey discuss the matter. == References == <references /> dca6fstcp9rj6l6nrq4xdbgzirko9s4 70163 70161 2025-07-10T16:44:31Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70163 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> '''United Kingdom''' British museums dey move very slowl for this matter. Na Horniman Museum for London first return bronzes for UK, and dem do am for November 2022. Talk still dey go on with British Museum, sake of about 900 objects wey dem hold still dey under one law wey Parliament put. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology too don dey face pressure to return over 100 items, but as of early 2025, dem still dey discuss the matter.<ref name=":3" /> '''Institutional framework and stakeholder roles''' == References == <references /> t2e5p7vjg0bxlsqayt1t3cpwv08eksk 70164 70163 2025-07-10T16:46:52Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70164 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> '''United Kingdom''' British museums dey move very slowl for this matter. Na Horniman Museum for London first return bronzes for UK, and dem do am for November 2022. Talk still dey go on with British Museum, sake of about 900 objects wey dem hold still dey under one law wey Parliament put. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology too don dey face pressure to return over 100 items, but as of early 2025, dem still dey discuss the matter.<ref name=":3" /> '''Institutional framework and stakeholder roles''' Nigeria National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) and de Oba of Benin dey work together to manage how the bronzes wey dem return go be. For March 2023, one presidential order talk say na the Oba go be custodian of all the bronzes wey come back, but NCMM go still dey take care of dem for now and show dem to the public. == References == <references /> ehug35q8bo6xxdxtlipr9knbw8r109r 70169 70164 2025-07-10T16:52:15Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70169 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> '''United Kingdom''' British museums dey move very slowl for this matter. Na Horniman Museum for London first return bronzes for UK, and dem do am for November 2022. Talk still dey go on with British Museum, sake of about 900 objects wey dem hold still dey under one law wey Parliament put. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology too don dey face pressure to return over 100 items, but as of early 2025, dem still dey discuss the matter.<ref name=":3" /> '''Institutional framework and stakeholder roles''' Nigeria National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) and de Oba of Benin dey work together to manage how the bronzes wey dem return go be. For March 2023, one presidential order talk say na the Oba go be custodian of all the bronzes wey come back, but NCMM go still dey take care of dem for now and show dem to the public.Dem dey plan to build the Edo Museum of West African Art (EMOWAA) for Benin City and another Benin Royal Museum, wey go keep the artifacts for permanent place wey dey cool and well protected. People from other countries still dey help — dem dey train Nigerian museum staff, do archaeology work together, and even support with money, especially the countries wey first hold the bronzes. == References == <references /> jzb5bte3la435pjaruhc5tw6wupuni6 70175 70169 2025-07-10T16:53:41Z Zoey Tricia 3393 /* Artifact Return Palava */ 70175 wikitext text/x-wiki De Benin Bronzes wey dey comprise of brass 900 plus,bronze, ivory den some wood artifact collections wey de Edo people wey come from de Kingdom of Benin(demma current name bi Southern Nigeria) from de 16th to de 19th centuries. These objects wey them get erh, eget some powerful african powers inside,wey from wanna forefathers demma times edey hold great value give de Edo community and for nigeria for large.De British come seize demma items during de “punitive expedition” of 1897den them take give museums den private collections for Europe and North America dem side.For di past ten years, people don dey sabi more about wetin colonialism cause, and dis one don make people for different countries dey push make dem return wetin no be their own.<ref name=":0">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-museum-agrees-with-royal-ruler-custody-benin-bronzes-2025-02-26/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64038626</ref> == Wetin Dey Behind == For February 1897, British people carry demma soldiers go Benin Kingdom, say dem wan punish dem because dem ambush British delegation.Dem thief plenty artworks from the Oba palace for Benin City inside— like demma plaques, statues, and royal items wey dem take brass and bronze do.<ref name=":0" /> Plenty of the things dem auction am for London, na so de European museums take carry am enter their collections for Europe. British Museum for London na im hold the highest — like 900 items — and many other places for Germany, France, Netherlands and US still get demma own big share.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/1/germany-nigeria-sign-accord-for-return-of-looted-benin-bronzes</ref>Some private people wey dey collect art also carry some pieces, wey make the whole collection no complete again. == Artifact Return Palava == <ref>https://apnews.com/article/benin-bronzes-netherlands-nigeria-looted-78eab1381f1e219507e2d7607ed41d4f</ref>Since the 1960s, De people of Nigeria don dey beg make dem return the things, but the big people for the countries inside wey colonize us no gree support the matter well. UNESCO bring one law for 1970 to stop illegal movement of cultural things — like de way dem dey import, export den sell dem anyhow — but the law only cover things wey happen after that year. '''Germany''' For July 2022, Germany be the first European country wey sign joint political agreement say dem go return 1,130 bronzes.<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-welcomes-signing-historic-agreement-between-germany-and-nigeria-return-1130-benin-bronzes</ref>That agreement mean say Germany gree to return the artifacts and also help Nigeria with demma ..archaeological work and museum development. Dem no fit return everything once because of wahala wey concern logistics and diplomatic matter. For December 20, 2022, Germany come officially hand over the first set of 20 bronzes for Abuja. Germany Foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock, talk say this act na to show say dem sabi the injustice wey colonialism cause.<ref name=":2">https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref>Early 2023, cities like Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne for Germany hand over more artifacts to Nigeria, but dem gree say some of the things fit still dey show for exhibition once once for Europe. '''Netherlands''' For February 2025, Nigeria and Netherlands sign agreement say dem go return 119 bronzes wey dey for museum collection for Leiden. Na the biggest single return wey don happen so far. Dem do handover ceremony for Edo State, and Oba Ewuare II talk say the return na ‘divine intervention’ to bring back our cultural power.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-nigeria-benin-bronzes-art-restitution-9075dc135bc2a207f9b22e8762e620d1</ref> '''United Kingdom''' British museums dey move very slowl for this matter. Na Horniman Museum for London first return bronzes for UK, and dem do am for November 2022. Talk still dey go on with British Museum, sake of about 900 objects wey dem hold still dey under one law wey Parliament put. Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology too don dey face pressure to return over 100 items, but as of early 2025, dem still dey discuss the matter.<ref name=":3" /> == Institutional framework and stakeholder roles == Nigeria National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) and de Oba of Benin dey work together to manage how the bronzes wey dem return go be. For March 2023, one presidential order talk say na the Oba go be custodian of all the bronzes wey come back, but NCMM go still dey take care of dem for now and show dem to the public.Dem dey plan to build the Edo Museum of West African Art (EMOWAA) for Benin City and another Benin Royal Museum, wey go keep the artifacts for permanent place wey dey cool and well protected. People from other countries still dey help — dem dey train Nigerian museum staff, do archaeology work together, and even support with money, especially the countries wey first hold the bronzes. == References == <references /> 9qhzvm7k9idt90inol8llz1y7nje51m Kwaw Ampah 0 18547 70075 2025-07-10T15:54:34Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077956|Kwaw Ampah]]" 70075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwaw Ampah''' wey people too dey call am Joseph Kwaw Ampah be Ghanaian trade unionist plus politician. For June 1964, de Convention People's Party government appoint am as secretary general (national secretary) of de Trade Union Congress (TUC), make he replace Magnus George. Before dem appoint am, he be secretary for de Public Utility Workers' Union. For 1965, he plus some other trade unionists like John Tettegah wey be secretary general for de All-African Trade Union Federation, become members of parliament wey dem represent de Convention People's Party. Kwaw Ampah serve as de member of parliament for Juabeso-Bia constituency from 1965 till 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. He hold dis position plus ein post as secretary general of de TUC. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1uc2ivmo5m80k0x275pkfckfx9tsqr2 70096 70075 2025-07-10T16:11:01Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve article 70096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwaw Ampah''' wey people too dey call am Joseph Kwaw Ampah be Ghanaian trade unionist plus politician. For June 1964, de Convention People's Party government appoint am as secretary general (national secretary) of de Trade Union Congress (TUC), make he replace Magnus George. Before dem appoint am, he be secretary for de Public Utility Workers' Union. For 1965, he plus some other trade unionists like John Tettegah wey be secretary general for de All-African Trade Union Federation, become members of parliament wey dem represent de Convention People's Party. Kwaw Ampah serve as de member of parliament for Juabeso-Bia constituency from 1965 till 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. He hold dis position plus ein post as secretary general of de TUC. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected insyd de 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2y3vsbmb7r1vsohly1chcdzumbxuf64 Kwamena Tuffuor Ampem 0 18548 70102 2025-07-10T16:15:42Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1263460354|Kwamena Tuffuor Ampem]]" 70102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwamena Tuffuor Ampem''' be a Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be de member of parliament for de Abirem constituency from 1965 to 1966. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pi50xhravpbaqrdxxmv6t2zww1bhcyj Nicholas Anane-Agyei 0 18549 70111 2025-07-10T16:20:06Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicholas Anane-Agyei''' be Ghanaian politician for de first republic. He be de Regional Commissioner for de Brong Ahafo Region plus de member of parliament for de Dormaa-droboo constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he be district commissioner for Sunyani. mdbat6rtywoil35ab3v1ifwylg2f9t1 70114 70111 2025-07-10T16:21:19Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicholas Anane-Agyei''' be Ghanaian politician for de first republic. He be de Regional Commissioner for de Brong Ahafo Region plus de member of parliament for de Dormaa-droboo constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he be district commissioner for Sunyani. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == gu3vodotadnrymhj850iqq1iihp26td Lucy Anin 0 18550 70130 2025-07-10T16:32:38Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1194811231|Lucy Anin]]" 70130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy Anin''' (wey dem born am 13 June 1939) be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Brong Ahafo Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Bechem constituency from 1965 go 1966. [[Category:Living people]] 213tljm8dp9869ypkl61sd3wzlszsiy 70151 70130 2025-07-10T16:36:51Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy Anin''' (wey dem born am 13 June 1939) be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Brong Ahafo Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Bechem constituency from 1965 go 1966. == Life den politics == Anin be one of de first women wey enter Parliament of Ghana insyd 1960 under de Representation of de People (Women Members) Act. She be one of de 10 women wey dem elect dem unopposed on 27 June 1960 under Convention People's Party ein ticket. She later turn de youngest member of parliament, as she enter parliament when she be 21 years. For 1965 inside, she turn member of parliament wey represent Bechem constituency. For 1966, when Nkrumah ein government fall, dem carry am go prison for 8 months time wey she dey pregnant. Today, she dey serve as member for Convention People's Party Council of Elders den she be de only woman among de ten women wey enter Ghana ein first parliament wey still dey alive. [[Category:Living people]] tnpip63ygr6pj2n0993uaa6rhxyj08r 70157 70151 2025-07-10T16:38:23Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy Anin''' (wey dem born am 13 June 1939) be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Brong Ahafo Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Bechem constituency from 1965 go 1966. == Life den politics == Anin be one of de first women wey enter Parliament of Ghana insyd 1960 under de Representation of de People (Women Members) Act. She be one of de 10 women wey dem elect dem unopposed on 27 June 1960 under Convention People's Party ein ticket. She later turn de youngest member of parliament, as she enter parliament when she be 21 years. For 1965 inside, she turn member of parliament wey represent Bechem constituency. For 1966, when Nkrumah ein government fall, dem carry am go prison for 8 months time wey she dey pregnant. Today, she dey serve as member for Convention People's Party Council of Elders den she be de only woman among de ten women wey enter Ghana ein first parliament wey still dey alive. She be de cousin of jurist den former Supreme Court judge; Patrick Dankwa Anin, den economist den former chief executive officer of de Ghana Commercial Bank; T. E. Anin. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected insyd de 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Living people]] lstm7y48bq4lk6kcb2s4dw4msbudq29 Category:People wey komot Fatick region 14 18551 70138 2025-07-10T16:35:10Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70138 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Prime ministers of Senegal 14 18552 70140 2025-07-10T16:35:22Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70140 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Presidents of de National Assembly (Senegal) 14 18553 70141 2025-07-10T16:35:37Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70141 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Interior ministers of Senegal 14 18554 70142 2025-07-10T16:35:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70142 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:21st-century mayors of places insyd Senegal 14 18555 70144 2025-07-10T16:35:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70144 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Senegalese Democratic Party politicians 14 18556 70145 2025-07-10T16:36:12Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70145 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:21st-century Senegalese politicians 14 18557 70146 2025-07-10T16:36:23Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70146 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Alliance for the Republic (Senegal) politicians 14 18558 70148 2025-07-10T16:36:35Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70148 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Mary Stella Ankomah 0 18559 70160 2025-07-10T16:40:44Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1185755662|Mary Stella Ankomah]]" 70160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Stella Ankomah''' (wey dem born am 19 November 1957) be Ghanaian politician den member of de first Parliament of de fourth Republic wey represent Mpohor-Wassa East constituency for Western Region of Ghana. She represent Convention People's Party. [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2e8xmcmz42wfqxyoag2967v6pnhty43 70178 70160 2025-07-10T16:54:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Stella Ankomah''' (wey dem born am 19 November 1957) be Ghanaian politician den member of de first Parliament of de fourth Republic wey represent Mpohor-Wassa East constituency for Western Region of Ghana. She represent Convention People's Party. == Early life den education == Dem born Mary Stella Ankomah on 19 November 1957 for Mpohor-Wassa East insyd Western Region of Ghana. She obtain ein Diploma for Social Studies, Education. == Politics == Mary Stella Ankomah first enter Parliament under Convention People's Party ein ticket for Mpohor-Wassa East Constituency insyd Western Region of Ghana during de 1992 Ghanaian general elections. For 1996 General Elections, Samuel Kwame Amponsah of National Democratic Congress defeat am, as he get 20,352 votes out of de 100% valid votes wey dem cast, wey represent 40.70%, while she get 15,248 votes wey represent 30.50%. Paul King Arthur get 1,612 votes wey represent 3.20%, Alex Bessah Dogbeh get 909 votes wey represent 1.80%, den Samuel Branord Effah of New Patriotic Party get 0 vote wey represent 0.00%. == Career == Mary Stella Ankomah be teacher by profession den former member of Parliament for Mpohor-Wassa East Constituency insyd Western Region of Ghana. [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tii2p6ztnl3uv9oecoqytvjo93u3nvg 70179 70178 2025-07-10T16:55:08Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Stella Ankomah''' (wey dem born am 19 November 1957) be Ghanaian politician den member of de first Parliament of de fourth Republic wey represent Mpohor-Wassa East constituency for Western Region of Ghana. She represent Convention People's Party. == Early life den education == Dem born Mary Stella Ankomah on 19 November 1957 for Mpohor-Wassa East insyd Western Region of Ghana. She obtain ein Diploma for Social Studies, Education. == Politics == Mary Stella Ankomah first enter Parliament under Convention People's Party ein ticket for Mpohor-Wassa East Constituency insyd Western Region of Ghana during de 1992 Ghanaian general elections. For 1996 General Elections, Samuel Kwame Amponsah of National Democratic Congress defeat am, as he get 20,352 votes out of de 100% valid votes wey dem cast, wey represent 40.70%, while she get 15,248 votes wey represent 30.50%. Paul King Arthur get 1,612 votes wey represent 3.20%, Alex Bessah Dogbeh get 909 votes wey represent 1.80%, den Samuel Branord Effah of New Patriotic Party get 0 vote wey represent 0.00%. == Career == Mary Stella Ankomah be teacher by profession den former member of Parliament for Mpohor-Wassa East Constituency insyd Western Region of Ghana. == Personal life == Mary Stella Ankomah be a Christian. == References == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1qmgi7mnchh162geyh57n7qpdfxc4ox Timothy Ansah 0 18561 70180 2025-07-10T16:56:56Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077970|Timothy Ansah]]" 70180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Ansah''' (1919–2008) be Ghanaian educationist den politician. He be member of parliament for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he teach for plenty educational institutions. He be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School (wey dem dey call am Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School by den) from 1960 go 1974. pef72ep37yg9dwwi3qwdl1qxt5gxleg 70183 70180 2025-07-10T17:29:17Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Ansah''' (1919–2008) be Ghanaian educationist den politician. He be member of parliament for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he teach for plenty educational institutions. He be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School (wey dem dey call am Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School by den) from 1960 go 1974. == Early life den education == Ansah dey born on 4 September 1919 for Axim, one town insyd Western Region of Ghana. He start ein early education for York Hall School for Axim. Later, he continue go Wesley College, Achimota School den King's College, Cambridge. For Cambridge, he pursue bachelor's degree program for History den do post graduate course for Diploma of Education. He win ein Cambridge Blue as athlete for Cambridge University as he compete against athletes from University of Oxford for three years. == Career den politics == Ansah return to Ghana insyd 1950 den take up teaching appointment for ein former school; Wesley College. For there, he teach Music den History. Later, he move go Fijai Secondary School den for January 1957, dem appoint am as assistant headmaster for de school. He serve for dat position till 1960, wey dem appoint am as headmaster for Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School (wey later turn Axim Secondary den now be Nsein Senior High School). He enter parliament for June 1965 as representative for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency under Convention People's Party ein ticket. He stay for parliament till February 1966, wey Nkrumah ein government fall. He continue be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School till 1974. jaij31ivha6mhu16tbt2fowu6h8520e 70184 70183 2025-07-10T17:32:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Ansah''' (1919–2008) be Ghanaian educationist den politician. He be member of parliament for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he teach for plenty educational institutions. He be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School (wey dem dey call am Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School by den) from 1960 go 1974. == Early life den education == Ansah dey born on 4 September 1919 for Axim, one town insyd Western Region of Ghana. He start ein early education for York Hall School for Axim. Later, he continue go Wesley College, Achimota School den King's College, Cambridge. For Cambridge, he pursue bachelor's degree program for History den do post graduate course for Diploma of Education. He win ein Cambridge Blue as athlete for Cambridge University as he compete against athletes from University of Oxford for three years. == Career den politics == Ansah return to Ghana insyd 1950 den take up teaching appointment for ein former school; Wesley College. For there, he teach Music den History. Later, he move go Fijai Secondary School den for January 1957, dem appoint am as assistant headmaster for de school. He serve for dat position till 1960, wey dem appoint am as headmaster for Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School (wey later turn Axim Secondary den now be Nsein Senior High School). He enter parliament for June 1965 as representative for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency under Convention People's Party ein ticket. He stay for parliament till February 1966, wey Nkrumah ein government fall. He continue be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School till 1974. == Personal life == Ein hobbies include listening to music, writing songs den African studies. He compose Ghanaian patriotic songs like ''Momoane Beyennzo'' for Nzema den ''Dzin Pa Sen Ahonya''. He plus take part for de contest wey dem do to select de National Anthem. He die on Sunday, 22 June 2008. == Legacy == De Timothy Ansah Memorial Foundation Scholarships, wey be scholarship wey dem dey give students from Western Region, dey bear ein name to honour am. 6cve9gt6cwwg2n8pb2cu2g04ogid3v1 70185 70184 2025-07-10T17:33:43Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Ansah''' (1919–2008) be Ghanaian educationist den politician. He be member of parliament for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he teach for plenty educational institutions. He be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School (wey dem dey call am Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School by den) from 1960 go 1974. == Early life den education == Ansah dey born on 4 September 1919 for Axim, one town insyd Western Region of Ghana. He start ein early education for York Hall School for Axim. Later, he continue go Wesley College, Achimota School den King's College, Cambridge. For Cambridge, he pursue bachelor's degree program for History den do post graduate course for Diploma of Education. He win ein Cambridge Blue as athlete for Cambridge University as he compete against athletes from University of Oxford for three years. == Career den politics == Ansah return to Ghana insyd 1950 den take up teaching appointment for ein former school; Wesley College. For there, he teach Music den History. Later, he move go Fijai Secondary School den for January 1957, dem appoint am as assistant headmaster for de school. He serve for dat position till 1960, wey dem appoint am as headmaster for Kwame Nkrumah Secondary School (wey later turn Axim Secondary den now be Nsein Senior High School). He enter parliament for June 1965 as representative for Tarkwa-Aboso constituency under Convention People's Party ein ticket. He stay for parliament till February 1966, wey Nkrumah ein government fall. He continue be headmaster for Nsein Senior High School till 1974. == Personal life == Ein hobbies include listening to music, writing songs den African studies. He compose Ghanaian patriotic songs like ''Momoane Beyennzo'' for Nzema den ''Dzin Pa Sen Ahonya''. He plus take part for de contest wey dem do to select de National Anthem. He die on Sunday, 22 June 2008. == Legacy == De Timothy Ansah Memorial Foundation Scholarships, wey be scholarship wey dem dey give students from Western Region, dey bear ein name to honour am. Nsein Senior High School hold de Timothy Ansah Lectures annually insyd ein honour. == Books == ''Kundum: festival of'' ''de Nzemas and Ahantas of de Western Region of Ghana'' (1999): <nowiki>ISBN 9988002211</nowiki> == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 1zxp1awo27o7ep299pybhxq9a8evb8p Michael Paul Ansah 0 18562 70187 2025-07-10T17:36:54Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077968|Michael Paul Ansah]]" 70187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Paul Ansah''' (31 October 1928 – 13 March 2005) be Ghanaian politician den educationist. He serve as member of parliament for Akwamu constituency from 1965 go 1966 insyd First Republic den member of parliament for Mid-Volta constituency from 1979 go 1981 insyd Third Republic. He be Ghana ein Minister for Health from 1979 go 1981 den Minister for Industry, Science and Technology from August 1981 go December 1981. ka14xr9p9tgvzx88h4vrlv8ahnmirky 70192 70187 2025-07-10T17:43:35Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Paul Ansah''' (31 October 1928 – 13 March 2005) be Ghanaian politician den educationist. He serve as member of parliament for Akwamu constituency from 1965 go 1966 insyd First Republic den member of parliament for Mid-Volta constituency from 1979 go 1981 insyd Third Republic. He be Ghana ein Minister for Health from 1979 go 1981 den Minister for Industry, Science and Technology from August 1981 go December 1981. == Early life den education == Dem born Ansah on 31 October 1928 for Anum, one town insyd Eastern Region. He start ein early education for Mampong-Akwapim Primary School from 1935 go 1940. He continue ein middle school education for Akropong-Akwapim Middle School from 1941 go 1942, den Begoro Middle School from 1942 go 1944. He enter Presbyterian Secondary School (wey now be Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) for 1945 den complete for 1949. Later, he do post-secondary education for Akropong Teacher Training College (wey now be Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong) wey he take obtain ein Teachers' Certificate 'A'. After he teach for some years, he enter University of Ghana, Legon den graduate plus degree for History for 1959. Later, he study Politics den Anthropology for Institute of African Studies for University of Ghana, wey he graduate for 1965. He be de first president den founder of Students Historical Association for University of Ghana, den he too be founder den first secretary for Akwamu Youth League for 1958 (wey now be Akwamu Students Union). 3d6sr9aacfq93r84eymtzgcploj1xt6 70194 70192 2025-07-10T18:16:25Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Paul Ansah''' (31 October 1928 – 13 March 2005) be Ghanaian politician den educationist. He serve as member of parliament for Akwamu constituency from 1965 go 1966 insyd First Republic den member of parliament for Mid-Volta constituency from 1979 go 1981 insyd Third Republic. He be Ghana ein Minister for Health from 1979 go 1981 den Minister for Industry, Science and Technology from August 1981 go December 1981. == Early life den education == Dem born Ansah on 31 October 1928 for Anum, one town insyd Eastern Region. He start ein early education for Mampong-Akwapim Primary School from 1935 go 1940. He continue ein middle school education for Akropong-Akwapim Middle School from 1941 go 1942, den Begoro Middle School from 1942 go 1944. He enter Presbyterian Secondary School (wey now be Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) for 1945 den complete for 1949. Later, he do post-secondary education for Akropong Teacher Training College (wey now be Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong) wey he take obtain ein Teachers' Certificate 'A'. After he teach for some years, he enter University of Ghana, Legon den graduate plus degree for History for 1959. Later, he study Politics den Anthropology for Institute of African Studies for University of Ghana, wey he graduate for 1965. He be de first president den founder of Students Historical Association for University of Ghana, den he too be founder den first secretary for Akwamu Youth League for 1958 (wey now be Akwamu Students Union). == Career == Ansah start ein teaching work for Presbyterian Secondary School for Odumase Krobo till dem transfer am go Institute of Arts and Culture on 30 June 1962. For 1965 inside, dem appoint am as headmaster for O'Reilly Secondary School. == Politics == Insyd June 1965, Ansah get elect as member of parliament for Akwamu Constituency under Convention People's Party government. He serve for dis position till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government fall. On 24 September 1979, as dem bring in de third republic, he enter parliament again represent Mid-Volta constituency under People's National Party ein ticket, wey he get elect as Majority Leader den Leader of de House. Dat same year, dem appoint am as Cabinet Minister under de Ministry for Health den he stay for dat post till dem move am go Ministry for Industry, Science and Technology for 1981. He serve for dat position till Limann ein government fall under Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) on 31 December 1981. 07dabwaltatssvq9g8z63v0m4ewmh68 70195 70194 2025-07-10T18:28:41Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Paul Ansah''' (31 October 1928 – 13 March 2005) be Ghanaian politician den educationist. He serve as member of parliament for Akwamu constituency from 1965 go 1966 insyd First Republic den member of parliament for Mid-Volta constituency from 1979 go 1981 insyd Third Republic. He be Ghana ein Minister for Health from 1979 go 1981 den Minister for Industry, Science and Technology from August 1981 go December 1981. == Early life den education == Dem born Ansah on 31 October 1928 for Anum, one town insyd Eastern Region. He start ein early education for Mampong-Akwapim Primary School from 1935 go 1940. He continue ein middle school education for Akropong-Akwapim Middle School from 1941 go 1942, den Begoro Middle School from 1942 go 1944. He enter Presbyterian Secondary School (wey now be Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) for 1945 den complete for 1949. Later, he do post-secondary education for Akropong Teacher Training College (wey now be Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong) wey he take obtain ein Teachers' Certificate 'A'. After he teach for some years, he enter University of Ghana, Legon den graduate plus degree for History for 1959. Later, he study Politics den Anthropology for Institute of African Studies for University of Ghana, wey he graduate for 1965. He be de first president den founder of Students Historical Association for University of Ghana, den he too be founder den first secretary for Akwamu Youth League for 1958 (wey now be Akwamu Students Union). == Career == Ansah start ein teaching work for Presbyterian Secondary School for Odumase Krobo till dem transfer am go Institute of Arts and Culture on 30 June 1962. For 1965 inside, dem appoint am as headmaster for O'Reilly Secondary School. == Politics == Insyd June 1965, Ansah get elect as member of parliament for Akwamu Constituency under Convention People's Party government. He serve for dis position till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government fall. On 24 September 1979, as dem bring in de third republic, he enter parliament again represent Mid-Volta constituency under People's National Party ein ticket, wey he get elect as Majority Leader den Leader of de House. Dat same year, dem appoint am as Cabinet Minister under de Ministry for Health den he stay for dat post till dem move am go Ministry for Industry, Science and Technology for 1981. He serve for dat position till Limann ein government fall under Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) on 31 December 1981. == Personal life den death == Ansah ein hobbies include gardening, playing lawn tennis den listening to music. He marry Dora Ansah (née Arjarquah), wey he get 6 children plus am. Ansah die on 13 March 2005, as he be 76 years. == Sanso see == * Minister for Health * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election * List of MPs elected in the 1979 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 5g5j4kvyuev30qzlvagsa8z4bcm51jk Category:Refugee camps 14 18563 70189 2025-07-10T17:41:38Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70189 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Temporary populated places 14 18564 70190 2025-07-10T17:41:50Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70190 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Displaced persons camps insyd de aftermath of World War II 14 18565 70191 2025-07-10T17:42:02Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70191 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Party for Democracy and Socialism politicians 14 18566 70199 2025-07-10T19:09:08Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70199 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People wey komot Est Region (Burkina Faso) 14 18567 70200 2025-07-10T19:09:28Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70200 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic activists 14 18568 70203 2025-07-10T19:28:09Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70203 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic women activists 14 18569 70204 2025-07-10T19:28:19Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70204 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic pan-Africanists 14 18570 70205 2025-07-10T19:28:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70205 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic women writers 14 18571 70206 2025-07-10T19:28:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70206 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People wey komot Kémo 14 18572 70207 2025-07-10T19:46:35Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70207 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic non-fiction writers 14 18573 70208 2025-07-10T19:46:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70208 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Autobiographers 14 18574 70209 2025-07-10T19:48:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70209 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:20th-century non-fiction writers 14 18575 70210 2025-07-10T19:48:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70210 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Expatriates insyd de Republic of the Congo 14 18576 70211 2025-07-10T19:48:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70211 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Expatriates insyd de Belgian Congo 14 18577 70212 2025-07-10T19:49:09Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70212 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Central African Republic expatriates insyd France 14 18578 70213 2025-07-10T19:49:18Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70213 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Samuel Emanful Arkah 0 18579 70214 2025-07-10T19:54:29Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1263465462|Samuel Emanful Arkah]]" 70214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Emanful Arkah''' be Ghanaian politician. E be member of parliament for Wassaw Central constituency from 1954 go 1965, den member of parliament for Prestea constituency from 1965 till 1966 when dem overthrow Nkrumah ein government. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == e2nlw0ul1j3gt72nw92q97vpjd5xnj3 Kodwo Sam Annan 0 18580 70215 2025-07-10T20:32:53Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1261609410|Kodwo Sam Annan]]" 70215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kodwo Sam Annan''' be Ghanaian politician. He serve as member of parliament for Asikuma constituency from 1965 go 1966. As he return from ein studies for United Kingdom for 1960, dem appoint am as regional secretary for Convention People's Party. == Sanso see == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0tdo3hf00f374v7yfnyq6zzvkgfz9aq John Kwasi Appiah 0 18581 70216 2025-07-10T20:39:44Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1263464642|John Kwasi Appiah]]" 70216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kodwo Sam Annan''' be Ghanaian politician. He serve as member of parliament for Asikuma constituency from 1965 go 1966. As he return from ein studies for United Kingdom for 1960, dem appoint am as regional secretary for Convention People's Party. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 4njd82ri0nzxqizkg9tcu8jj6g9nyax Kow Nkensen Arkaah 0 18582 70217 2025-07-10T20:48:12Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296331893|Kow Nkensen Arkaah]]" 70217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kow Nkensen Arkaah''' (14 July 1927 – 25 April 2001) be Ghanaian politician wey serve as Vice-President of Ghana from 1993 go 1997. He too be chief for Senya Beraku. '''Kow Nkensen Arkaah''' (14 July 1927 &#x2013; 25 April 2001) was a [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] politician who was [[Vice-President of Ghana]] from 1993 to 1997. He was also a chief of Senya Beraku. == Early life == Kow Arkaah was born on 14 July 1927 in Senya Beraku in the [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] of the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (now Ghana). He attended Mfantsipim School between 1941 and 1946, then [[Achimota School|Achimota College]].<ref name="ghanaweb" /> He proceeded to the [[United States|United States of America]], where he obtained his first degree at Tufts College, after which he attended Harvard University for an MBA between 1952 and 1954.<ref name="ghanaweb" /> eg24j3xqtq616ic85k59w25f2i029e9 70218 70217 2025-07-10T21:01:29Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kow Nkensen Arkaah''' (14 July 1927 – 25 April 2001) be Ghanaian politician wey serve as Vice-President of Ghana from 1993 go 1997. He too be chief for Senya Beraku. == Early life == Dem born Kow Arkaah on 14 July 1927 for Senya Beraku insyd Central Region of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana). He attend Mfantsipim School between 1941 den 1946, den later go Achimota College. After dat, he move go United States of America, wey he get ein first degree for Tufts College, den later attend Harvard University for ein MBA between 1952 den 1954. == Career == Arkaah be Assistant Sales Manager for Secony Oil Corporation for New York City. Later, he return come ein homeland. From 1954 go 1957, Arkaah work as Marketing Executive for Mobil Oil Ghana Limited. For de next 10 years till 1968, Arkaah work inside de civil service, wey he rise to become Principal Secretary between 1966 den 1968. He be head of Ghana National Trading Corporation (GNTC), wey be big national trading franchise by dat time, Ghana Airways airline, den Ghana National Procurement Agency. For 1965 inside, he be Chief Commercial Officer for foreign trade. He too work as consultant for Gambia, Sierra Leone, Yugoslavia den Ethiopia. == Politics == Arkaah turn leader of National Convention Party (NCP) before de 1992 presidential elections. Ein party form alliance plus National Democratic Congress (NDC) of Jerry Rawlings, den Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE). As part of de agreement, Arkaah turn vice-presidential candidate under Rawlings ein ticket. Rawlings den Arkaah no get smooth working relationship throughout demma four-year term. De peak of de tension be alleged punch-up between dem for cabinet meeting on 28 December 1995. Rawlings talk say e be some kind misunderstanding. After dat incident, Arkaah start dey call ein self "stubborn cat". 9sa2zog6nv4neorc4hd07amnipmbhpg 70219 70218 2025-07-10T21:02:03Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kow Nkensen Arkaah''' (14 July 1927 – 25 April 2001) be Ghanaian politician wey serve as Vice-President of Ghana from 1993 go 1997. He too be chief for Senya Beraku. == Early life == Dem born Kow Arkaah on 14 July 1927 for Senya Beraku insyd Central Region of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana). He attend Mfantsipim School between 1941 den 1946, den later go Achimota College. After dat, he move go United States of America, wey he get ein first degree for Tufts College, den later attend Harvard University for ein MBA between 1952 den 1954. == Career == Arkaah be Assistant Sales Manager for Secony Oil Corporation for New York City. Later, he return come ein homeland. From 1954 go 1957, Arkaah work as Marketing Executive for Mobil Oil Ghana Limited. For de next 10 years till 1968, Arkaah work inside de civil service, wey he rise to become Principal Secretary between 1966 den 1968. He be head of Ghana National Trading Corporation (GNTC), wey be big national trading franchise by dat time, Ghana Airways airline, den Ghana National Procurement Agency. For 1965 inside, he be Chief Commercial Officer for foreign trade. He too work as consultant for Gambia, Sierra Leone, Yugoslavia den Ethiopia. == Politics == Arkaah turn leader of National Convention Party (NCP) before de 1992 presidential elections. Ein party form alliance plus National Democratic Congress (NDC) of Jerry Rawlings, den Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE). As part of de agreement, Arkaah turn vice-presidential candidate under Rawlings ein ticket. Rawlings den Arkaah no get smooth working relationship throughout demma four-year term. De peak of de tension be alleged punch-up between dem for cabinet meeting on 28 December 1995. Rawlings talk say e be some kind misunderstanding. After dat incident, Arkaah start dey call ein self "stubborn cat". Arkaah turn leader of Convention People's Party wey dem form through merger between National Convention Party (NCP) den People's Convention Party. Dem announce de merger on 29 January 1996. Arkaah, wey still be vice-president of Ghana, stand as candidate for 1996 presidential elections but he lose. For Rawlings ein government inside, dem replace am plus Professor John Atta Mills, wey be law lecturer, as Rawlings ein deputy. mgilff62k18rd1w1yw1m26t61mj3wda 70220 70219 2025-07-10T21:04:34Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kow Nkensen Arkaah''' (14 July 1927 – 25 April 2001) be Ghanaian politician wey serve as Vice-President of Ghana from 1993 go 1997. He too be chief for Senya Beraku. == Early life == Dem born Kow Arkaah on 14 July 1927 for Senya Beraku insyd Central Region of de Gold Coast (wey now be Ghana). He attend Mfantsipim School between 1941 den 1946, den later go Achimota College. After dat, he move go United States of America, wey he get ein first degree for Tufts College, den later attend Harvard University for ein MBA between 1952 den 1954. == Career == Arkaah be Assistant Sales Manager for Secony Oil Corporation for New York City. Later, he return come ein homeland. From 1954 go 1957, Arkaah work as Marketing Executive for Mobil Oil Ghana Limited. For de next 10 years till 1968, Arkaah work inside de civil service, wey he rise to become Principal Secretary between 1966 den 1968. He be head of Ghana National Trading Corporation (GNTC), wey be big national trading franchise by dat time, Ghana Airways airline, den Ghana National Procurement Agency. For 1965 inside, he be Chief Commercial Officer for foreign trade. He too work as consultant for Gambia, Sierra Leone, Yugoslavia den Ethiopia. == Politics == Arkaah turn leader of National Convention Party (NCP) before de 1992 presidential elections. Ein party form alliance plus National Democratic Congress (NDC) of Jerry Rawlings, den Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE). As part of de agreement, Arkaah turn vice-presidential candidate under Rawlings ein ticket. Rawlings den Arkaah no get smooth working relationship throughout demma four-year term. De peak of de tension be alleged punch-up between dem for cabinet meeting on 28 December 1995. Rawlings talk say e be some kind misunderstanding. After dat incident, Arkaah start dey call ein self "stubborn cat". Arkaah turn leader of Convention People's Party wey dem form through merger between National Convention Party (NCP) den People's Convention Party. Dem announce de merger on 29 January 1996. Arkaah, wey still be vice-president of Ghana, stand as candidate for 1996 presidential elections but he lose. For Rawlings ein government inside, dem replace am plus Professor John Atta Mills, wey be law lecturer, as Rawlings ein deputy. == Death == Arkaah get involved for road traffic accident for Cantonments, Accra. He die from de injuries for Atlanta, United States, on 25 April 2001. == References == 0c9cdnryykwjieqj070ffp2ztitx9mz Swinthin Maxwell Arko 0 18583 70221 2025-07-10T21:07:07Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077980|Swinthin Maxwell Arko]]" 70221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swithin Maxwell Arko''' (1920–2006) be Ghanaian politician insyd first republic. He be member of parliament for Agona Nsaba constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he be chairman for Agona Local Council den later chairman for National Association of Local Government Councils. 3m8nzv195gms0ycuaf1s89ijb1h079p 70222 70221 2025-07-10T21:10:06Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swithin Maxwell Arko''' (1920–2006) be Ghanaian politician insyd first republic. He be member of parliament for Agona Nsaba constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he be chairman for Agona Local Council den later chairman for National Association of Local Government Councils. == Early life den education == Dem born Arko on 21 March 1920 for Nsaba, one town insyd Central Region of Ghana. He go school for Nsaba Presbyterian Middle Boarding School den Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast. After he work plus U. A. G. Ltd for about ten years, he travel go United Kingdom go study Local Government Administration. == Career den politics == Arko start work plus U. A. G. Ltd from 1941 till 1951, wey he lef go United Kingdom for further studies. As he return come Ghana for 1952, he serve on Agona Local Council as clerk of de council. For 1957, he join Cocoa Marketing Board as senior loans officer. He work there till 1962, wey he become chairman for Agona Local Council den vice chairman for National Association of de Local Government Council. Later, he turn chairman for de National Association of de Local Government Council. He too be executive member for African Union of Local Authorities den executive member for International Union of Local Authorities. For June 1965, he become member of parliament for Agona Nsaba constituency. He serve for dat position till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government fall. aov78v7irfg2qlgvg7orhfl8uqew07n 70223 70222 2025-07-10T21:11:18Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swithin Maxwell Arko''' (1920–2006) be Ghanaian politician insyd first republic. He be member of parliament for Agona Nsaba constituency from 1965 go 1966. Before he enter parliament, he be chairman for Agona Local Council den later chairman for National Association of Local Government Councils. == Early life den education == Dem born Arko on 21 March 1920 for Nsaba, one town insyd Central Region of Ghana. He go school for Nsaba Presbyterian Middle Boarding School den Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast. After he work plus U. A. G. Ltd for about ten years, he travel go United Kingdom go study Local Government Administration. == Career den politics == Arko start work plus U. A. G. Ltd from 1941 till 1951, wey he lef go United Kingdom for further studies. As he return come Ghana for 1952, he serve on Agona Local Council as clerk of de council. For 1957, he join Cocoa Marketing Board as senior loans officer. He work there till 1962, wey he become chairman for Agona Local Council den vice chairman for National Association of de Local Government Council. Later, he turn chairman for de National Association of de Local Government Council. He too be executive member for African Union of Local Authorities den executive member for International Union of Local Authorities. For June 1965, he become member of parliament for Agona Nsaba constituency. He serve for dat position till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government fall. == Personal life == Arko die insyd 2006 den be survived by seven children. Ein hobbies include reading den football. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == rdjvp97bklnh0iods4ngx6my707gr7i Kojo Armah 0 18584 70224 2025-07-10T21:13:42Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297138083|Kojo Armah]]" 70224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kojo Armah''' (27 November 1945 – 4 May 2014) be Ghanaian diplomat, lawyer den politician. He be member of Convention People's Party den former Member of Parliament for Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency for Western Region. He too be educationist den linguist. He represent Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency two times—first from 1996 go 2000, den again from 2004 go 2008. He too serve as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East from 2001 go 2004. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 84tzbf5yga3bxe4g104h50yp1oft0um 70225 70224 2025-07-10T21:16:38Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kojo Armah''' (27 November 1945 – 4 May 2014) be Ghanaian diplomat, lawyer den politician. He be member of Convention People's Party den former Member of Parliament for Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency for Western Region. He too be educationist den linguist. He represent Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency two times—first from 1996 go 2000, den again from 2004 go 2008. He too serve as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East from 2001 go 2004. == Early life den education == James Evans Armah dey born for Axim insyd Western Region to James Enyimah Armah den Sikayena Baidoe. Ein maternal aunt, Mrs. Quarshie, plus her family raise am. He get ein primary education from Asokore Primary School den Apam Roman Catholic Middle School, den he get ein O and A level certificates from Apam Senior High School. For 1969, he graduate from University of Ghana, Legon, plus Bachelor of Arts degree for Political Science. He later obtain post-graduate diploma for Education from University of Cape Coast. == Working life == After he graduate from university, he move go Axim den teach for Nsein Senior High School from 1969 go 1971. After he complete ein post-graduate course, he go teach for Ghana Secondary Technical School for Takoradi. He resign from ein teaching work for 1973 to take appointment for Research Bureau of Ministry of Foreign Affairs as assistant director grade II. He go on plenty diplomatic missions, one of dem make he fit pursue diploma in French, Literature den Civilization from University of Tours for Touraine. As diplomat, he hold different positions for different mission countries, like First Secretary den Head of Chancery for Ghana Embassy for Conakry, Guinea, den Charge D'Affaires for Togo. Armah get promotion go assistant director grade I for 1977 after he complete diploma in Public Administration for Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4v1uqt7dgvv1o952qnqoijmfg6dwj1e 70226 70225 2025-07-10T21:18:10Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kojo Armah''' (27 November 1945 – 4 May 2014) be Ghanaian diplomat, lawyer den politician. He be member of Convention People's Party den former Member of Parliament for Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency for Western Region. He too be educationist den linguist. He represent Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency two times—first from 1996 go 2000, den again from 2004 go 2008. He too serve as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East from 2001 go 2004. == Early life den education == James Evans Armah dey born for Axim insyd Western Region to James Enyimah Armah den Sikayena Baidoe. Ein maternal aunt, Mrs. Quarshie, plus her family raise am. He get ein primary education from Asokore Primary School den Apam Roman Catholic Middle School, den he get ein O and A level certificates from Apam Senior High School. For 1969, he graduate from University of Ghana, Legon, plus Bachelor of Arts degree for Political Science. He later obtain post-graduate diploma for Education from University of Cape Coast. == Working life == After he graduate from university, he move go Axim den teach for Nsein Senior High School from 1969 go 1971. After he complete ein post-graduate course, he go teach for Ghana Secondary Technical School for Takoradi. He resign from ein teaching work for 1973 to take appointment for Research Bureau of Ministry of Foreign Affairs as assistant director grade II. He go on plenty diplomatic missions, one of dem make he fit pursue diploma in French, Literature den Civilization from University of Tours for Touraine. As diplomat, he hold different positions for different mission countries, like First Secretary den Head of Chancery for Ghana Embassy for Conakry, Guinea, den Charge D'Affaires for Togo. Armah get promotion go assistant director grade I for 1977 after he complete diploma in Public Administration for Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. After de 31 December 1981 coup d'état for Ghana, dem recall am come back Ghana den post am to African and European Desk for Research Department of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, wey he serve from 1982 go 1984. For 1984, dem transfer am go Ghana Museums and Monuments Board as administrative secretary. Later, dem promote am to position of deputy director for Office of de Head of Civil Service. As he dey work for de ministry, he enroll for Ghana School of Law den get call to de Ghana Bar for 1987. For 1992, he retire from public service to pursue private law den politics. He be owner of Ankobra FM, one private radio station wey base for Axim. == Political career == For de 1996 general election, New Patriotic Party do strategic political partnership plus Convention People's Party, wey dem call The Great Alliance. One of de results from dat alliance make Armah win Evalue Gwira seat for 1996. For 2000, he lose ein attempt to return as MP for de constituency. For de 2004 parliamentary election, New Patriotic Party join alliance again plus Convention People's Party den present Armah as unified candidate. He win de election den return parliament for 2005. But for de 2008 parliamentary election, Armah lose ein re-election bid to Catherine Afeku of de New Patriotic Party. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t17ljhcfh10opxtyd8v1sx4ruf9of91 70227 70226 2025-07-10T21:20:23Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kojo Armah''' (27 November 1945 – 4 May 2014) be Ghanaian diplomat, lawyer den politician. He be member of Convention People's Party den former Member of Parliament for Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency for Western Region. He too be educationist den linguist. He represent Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency two times—first from 1996 go 2000, den again from 2004 go 2008. He too serve as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East from 2001 go 2004. == Early life den education == James Evans Armah dey born for Axim insyd Western Region to James Enyimah Armah den Sikayena Baidoe. Ein maternal aunt, Mrs. Quarshie, plus her family raise am. He get ein primary education from Asokore Primary School den Apam Roman Catholic Middle School, den he get ein O and A level certificates from Apam Senior High School. For 1969, he graduate from University of Ghana, Legon, plus Bachelor of Arts degree for Political Science. He later obtain post-graduate diploma for Education from University of Cape Coast. == Working life == After he graduate from university, he move go Axim den teach for Nsein Senior High School from 1969 go 1971. After he complete ein post-graduate course, he go teach for Ghana Secondary Technical School for Takoradi. He resign from ein teaching work for 1973 to take appointment for Research Bureau of Ministry of Foreign Affairs as assistant director grade II. He go on plenty diplomatic missions, one of dem make he fit pursue diploma in French, Literature den Civilization from University of Tours for Touraine. As diplomat, he hold different positions for different mission countries, like First Secretary den Head of Chancery for Ghana Embassy for Conakry, Guinea, den Charge D'Affaires for Togo. Armah get promotion go assistant director grade I for 1977 after he complete diploma in Public Administration for Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. After de 31 December 1981 coup d'état for Ghana, dem recall am come back Ghana den post am to African and European Desk for Research Department of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, wey he serve from 1982 go 1984. For 1984, dem transfer am go Ghana Museums and Monuments Board as administrative secretary. Later, dem promote am to position of deputy director for Office of de Head of Civil Service. As he dey work for de ministry, he enroll for Ghana School of Law den get call to de Ghana Bar for 1987. For 1992, he retire from public service to pursue private law den politics. He be owner of Ankobra FM, one private radio station wey base for Axim. == Political career == For de 1996 general election, New Patriotic Party do strategic political partnership plus Convention People's Party, wey dem call The Great Alliance. One of de results from dat alliance make Armah win Evalue Gwira seat for 1996. For 2000, he lose ein attempt to return as MP for de constituency. For de 2004 parliamentary election, New Patriotic Party join alliance again plus Convention People's Party den present Armah as unified candidate. He win de election den return parliament for 2005. But for de 2008 parliamentary election, Armah lose ein re-election bid to Catherine Afeku of de New Patriotic Party. === Municipal Chief Executive === When New Patriotic Party win de 2000 general election, President John Agyekum Kufour appoint Armah as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East District. Armah serve for dat position for one term, from 2000 go end of 2004. === Kojo Armah Committee === Armah be chair for de Kojo Armah Committee, wey be ad hoc committee of parliament. Dem set up de committee to investigate how cocaine evidence turn corn dough for Police Narcotics Exhibit Room insyd Criminal Investigations Department of Ghana Police Service. == Personal life == Insyd 1973 Armah marry Sabina Akainyah; they have three children. He be a member of de Catholic Church. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qashmyi1iv9yus7svqy730fjsmtqr7v 70229 70227 2025-07-10T21:24:58Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kojo Armah''' (27 November 1945 – 4 May 2014) be Ghanaian diplomat, lawyer den politician. He be member of Convention People's Party den former Member of Parliament for Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency for Western Region. He too be educationist den linguist. He represent Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira constituency two times—first from 1996 go 2000, den again from 2004 go 2008. He too serve as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East from 2001 go 2004. == Early life den education == James Evans Armah dey born for Axim insyd Western Region to James Enyimah Armah den Sikayena Baidoe. Ein maternal aunt, Mrs. Quarshie, plus her family raise am. He get ein primary education from Asokore Primary School den Apam Roman Catholic Middle School, den he get ein O and A level certificates from Apam Senior High School. For 1969, he graduate from University of Ghana, Legon, plus Bachelor of Arts degree for Political Science. He later obtain post-graduate diploma for Education from University of Cape Coast. == Working life == After he graduate from university, he move go Axim den teach for Nsein Senior High School from 1969 go 1971. After he complete ein post-graduate course, he go teach for Ghana Secondary Technical School for Takoradi. He resign from ein teaching work for 1973 to take appointment for Research Bureau of Ministry of Foreign Affairs as assistant director grade II. He go on plenty diplomatic missions, one of dem make he fit pursue diploma in French, Literature den Civilization from University of Tours for Touraine. As diplomat, he hold different positions for different mission countries, like First Secretary den Head of Chancery for Ghana Embassy for Conakry, Guinea, den Charge D'Affaires for Togo. Armah get promotion go assistant director grade I for 1977 after he complete diploma in Public Administration for Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. After de 31 December 1981 coup d'état for Ghana, dem recall am come back Ghana den post am to African and European Desk for Research Department of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, wey he serve from 1982 go 1984. For 1984, dem transfer am go Ghana Museums and Monuments Board as administrative secretary. Later, dem promote am to position of deputy director for Office of de Head of Civil Service. As he dey work for de ministry, he enroll for Ghana School of Law den get call to de Ghana Bar for 1987. For 1992, he retire from public service to pursue private law den politics. He be owner of Ankobra FM, one private radio station wey base for Axim. == Political career == For de 1996 general election, New Patriotic Party do strategic political partnership plus Convention People's Party, wey dem call The Great Alliance. One of de results from dat alliance make Armah win Evalue Gwira seat for 1996. For 2000, he lose ein attempt to return as MP for de constituency. For de 2004 parliamentary election, New Patriotic Party join alliance again plus Convention People's Party den present Armah as unified candidate. He win de election den return parliament for 2005. But for de 2008 parliamentary election, Armah lose ein re-election bid to Catherine Afeku of de New Patriotic Party. === Municipal Chief Executive === When New Patriotic Party win de 2000 general election, President John Agyekum Kufour appoint Armah as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East District. Armah serve for dat position for one term, from 2000 go end of 2004. === Kojo Armah Committee === Armah be chair for de Kojo Armah Committee, wey be ad hoc committee of parliament. Dem set up de committee to investigate how cocaine evidence turn corn dough for Police Narcotics Exhibit Room insyd Criminal Investigations Department of Ghana Police Service. == Personal life == Insyd 1973 Armah marry Sabina Akainyah; they have three children. He be a member of de Catholic Church. == Death == When New Patriotic Party win de 2000 general election, President John Agyekum Kufour appoint Armah as Municipal Chief Executive for Nzema East District. Armah serve for dat position for one term, from 2000 go end of 2004. == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 051z09qgcini16871p7lt7ndi92a1ae John Arthur (Ghanaian politician) 0 18585 70230 2025-07-10T21:27:30Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077982|John Arthur (Ghanaian politician)]]" 70230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Arthur''' (wey dem born am 4 February 1915, date of death unknown) be Ghanaian politician. He serve as minister of state den member of parliament during de first republic. He be regional commissioner (Regional Minister) for Western Region den member of parliament for Sekondi electoral district. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4v6yn4a63zmlsm3m2qoynvd3ozfxffs 70232 70230 2025-07-10T21:54:21Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Arthur''' (wey dem born am 4 February 1915, date of death unknown) be Ghanaian politician. He serve as minister of state den member of parliament during de first republic. He be regional commissioner (Regional Minister) for Western Region den member of parliament for Sekondi electoral district. == Early life den education == Arthur dey born on 4 February 1915 for Anomabo insyd Central Region of Ghana (wey by den be Gold Coast). He go school for Anomabo Wesleyan School wey he get ein Standard 7 Certificate. == Career den politics == Arthur start ein career as worker for Union Trading Company as clerk insyd 1934. He work dey for some few years den move go Central Wassaw Gold Mines, where he still work as clerk. For 1937, he lef there go join Gold Coast Machinery and Trading Company for Sekondi. He work dey till 1944, dem come transfer am go United Africa Company Limited. For 1950, he take active part inside general strike wey make dem sack am dat same year. Arthur go enter private business afterwards, wey he acquire one quarry insyd from de chief of Essipong plus anoda lumber business. Arthur get elect as member of parliament on 15 June 1954. After he ein election insyd parliament, he hand over demma businesses to ein cousins; he hand over de lumber business to ein cousin, de late W. B. Hayford, plus de quarry business to ein cousin one Mr. Isaac Hayford. He serve as member of parliament for Sekondi electoral district till June 1956, wey parliament dissolve. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dv5jvpwm8l6kdl45r767lsh85qba88z 70234 70232 2025-07-10T21:59:40Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Arthur''' (wey dem born am 4 February 1915, date of death unknown) be Ghanaian politician. He serve as minister of state den member of parliament during de first republic. He be regional commissioner (Regional Minister) for Western Region den member of parliament for Sekondi electoral district. == Early life den education == Arthur dey born on 4 February 1915 for Anomabo insyd Central Region of Ghana (wey by den be Gold Coast). He go school for Anomabo Wesleyan School wey he get ein Standard 7 Certificate. == Career den politics == Arthur start ein career as worker for Union Trading Company as clerk insyd 1934. He work dey for some few years den move go Central Wassaw Gold Mines, where he still work as clerk. For 1937, he lef there go join Gold Coast Machinery and Trading Company for Sekondi. He work dey till 1944, dem come transfer am go United Africa Company Limited. For 1950, he take active part inside general strike wey make dem sack am dat same year. Arthur go enter private business afterwards, wey he acquire one quarry insyd from de chief of Essipong plus anoda lumber business. Arthur get elect as member of parliament on 15 June 1954. After he ein election insyd parliament, he hand over demma businesses to ein cousins; he hand over de lumber business to ein cousin, de late W. B. Hayford, plus de quarry business to ein cousin one Mr. Isaac Hayford. He serve as member of parliament for Sekondi electoral district till June 1956, wey parliament dissolve. During de 1956 elections, Arthur get re-elect plus he return insyd parliament. He remain as member of parliament for Sekondi from dat time till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. Insyd 1956, dem appoint am as Parliamentary Secretary (ministerial secretary or deputy minister), plus insyd dat role he serve for different ministries till 1960 wey dem appoint am as Regional Commissioner for de Western Region. He hold dat position from 1960 till 1965 wey dem move am go Cocoa Products Corporation as chairman. == Personal life == Arthur marry Madam Ekua Mensimah insyd 1936. De two of dem get three children. Arthur marry anoda wife; Grace Moses plus ein too, he get three children plus am. == See also == * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gmcxv5hfpalr5kitzwtc37ack84upwn Kwamina Egyir Asaam 0 18586 70236 2025-07-10T22:05:33Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077987|Kwamina Egyir Asaam]]" 70236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwamina Egyir Asaam''' be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Aowin constituency from 1965 till 1966. 10dxyu7pbuzlaghg3cynqza99odqmgi 70238 70236 2025-07-10T22:08:27Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwamina Egyir Asaam''' be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Aowin constituency from 1965 till 1966. == Career == Before he enter insyd parliament, he be Western Regional Secretary for Education for de Convention People's Party. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 9ajrw6s47zyb9be32zv6ob1lgav0dr8 Category:Members of de African National Congress 14 18588 70237 2025-07-10T22:06:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70237 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People wey komot Engcobo Local Municipality 14 18589 70239 2025-07-10T22:09:16Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70239 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:People plus Parkinson's disease 14 18590 70240 2025-07-10T22:09:31Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70240 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Recipients of de Padma Vibhushan in public affairs 14 18591 70241 2025-07-10T22:09:48Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70241 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Daniel Asafo-Agyei 0 18592 70242 2025-07-10T22:11:13Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1275018949|Daniel Asafo-Agyei]]" 70242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Emmanuel Asafo-Agyei''' be Ghanaian politician plus merchant. He replace Cobina Kessie as member of parliament for Kumasi North constituency insyd 1959, wey de latter take up diplomatic appointment as Ghana ein ambassador go Liberia. Asafo-Agyei represent Kumasi North from 1959 till 1965 wey he turn member of parliament for Manhyia constituency. While he dey insyd parliament, dem appoint am as deputy minister for Agriculture plus insyd 1965, dem appoint am as minister for Fisheries (new ministry wey dem just create dat time). He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. '''Daniel Emmanuel Asafo-Agyei''' was a [[Ghanaian]] politician and merchant.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1953 |title=Debates, Issue 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqaaAAAAIAAJ&q=Asafo+agyei |journal=Debates |publisher=Gold Coast Legislative Assembly |page=370}}</ref> He replaced Cobina Kessie as the member of parliament for the Kumasi North constituency in 1959 when the latter took up a diplomatic appointment as Ghana's ambassador to [[Liberia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1953 |title=Debates, Issue 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqaaAAAAIAAJ&q=Asafo+agyei |journal=Debates |publisher=Gold Coast Legislative Assembly |page=370}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961 |title=Ghana Year Book 1961 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCsUAAAAIAAJ&q=Asafo+agyei |journal=Ghana Year Book |publisher=Graphic Corporation |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1960 |title=West African Review, Volume 31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhBXAAAAMAAJ&q=kessie+liberia |journal=West African Review |publisher=West African Graphics Company |page=45}}</ref> Asafo-Agyei represented Kumasi North from 1959 until 1965 when he became the member of parliament for the Manhyia constituency.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwpIAQAAIAAJ&q=daniel+emmanuel+asafo-agyei |journal=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=iii and 8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=West Africa Annual, Issue 8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRBBAQAAIAAJ&q=Manhyia |journal=West Africa Annual |publisher=James Clarke |page=80}}</ref> While in parliament, he was appointed deputy minister for Agriculture and in 1965 he was appointed minister for Fisheries (a new ministry that had been created at the time).<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1964 |title=Ghana Year Book 1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zi8uAQAAIAAJ&q=asafo+agyei |journal=Ghana Year Book |publisher=Daily Graphic |page=26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=West Africa, Issues 2484–2508 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCYOAQAAMAAJ&q=d+e+asafo+agyei |journal=West Africa |publisher=Afrimedia International |page=183}}</ref> He served in this capacity until February 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown. [[Category:1980 deaths]] n6fkia45cd6urb94z72mz8z90tbxtbs 70244 70242 2025-07-10T22:15:26Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Emmanuel Asafo-Agyei''' be Ghanaian politician plus merchant. He replace Cobina Kessie as member of parliament for Kumasi North constituency insyd 1959, wey de latter take up diplomatic appointment as Ghana ein ambassador go Liberia. Asafo-Agyei represent Kumasi North from 1959 till 1965 wey he turn member of parliament for Manhyia constituency. While he dey insyd parliament, dem appoint am as deputy minister for Agriculture plus insyd 1965, dem appoint am as minister for Fisheries (new ministry wey dem just create dat time). He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. Daniel Emmanuel Asafo-Agyei be Ghanaian politician plus merchant. He replace Cobina Kessie as member of parliament for Kumasi North constituency insyd 1959, wey de latter take up diplomatic appointment as Ghana ein ambassador go Liberia. Asafo-Agyei represent Kumasi North from 1959 till 1965 wey he become member of parliament for Manhyia constituency. While he dey insyd parliament, dem appoint am as deputy minister for Agriculture plus insyd 1965, dem appoint am as minister for Fisheries (new ministry wey dem create dat time). He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. [[Category:1980 deaths]] 8hzdf6m43tt7ygbr5cf9104vl76icgk 70248 70244 2025-07-10T22:24:27Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve article 70248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Emmanuel Asafo-Agyei''' be Ghanaian politician plus merchant. He replace Cobina Kessie as member of parliament for Kumasi North constituency insyd 1959, wey de latter take up diplomatic appointment as Ghana ein ambassador go Liberia. Asafo-Agyei represent Kumasi North from 1959 till 1965 wey he turn member of parliament for Manhyia constituency. While he dey insyd parliament, dem appoint am as deputy minister for Agriculture plus insyd 1965, dem appoint am as minister for Fisheries (new ministry wey dem just create dat time). He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:1980 deaths]] juwx9p6r0udogd0zye2nytgot29h18v Category:Prisoners dem sentence to life imprisonment by South Africa 14 18593 70243 2025-07-10T22:11:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70243 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Regina Asamany 0 18595 70249 2025-07-10T22:30:08Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289730350|Regina Asamany]]" 70249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Regina Asamany''' (born 30 July 1927) be Ghanaian politician wey come from Kpando, one town insyd de Volta Region of Ghana. She dey widely recognize as one of de women wey demma effort help Ghana take get independence. She be daughter of ivory carver plus she be de only woman wey fit enter de first rank of Togoland Congress leadership insyd de 1950s. She be member of parliament wey represent Volta Region from 1960 till 1965, plus member of parliament for Kpando from 1965 till 1966. '''Regina Asamany''' (born 30 July 1927) was a Ghanaian politician who hailed from Kpando, a town in the [[Volta Region]] of [[Ghana]]. She is widely recognised as one of the women whose efforts helped Ghana attain independence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Participation & Leadership (GHANA: Ghana Women's Summit Held in Accra)|url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php/gender-issues/political-participation/6962-ghana-ghana-womens-summit-held-in-accra|access-date=16 December 2019|publisher=Make Every Woman Count}}</ref> She was the daughter of an ivory carver and the only woman to make it into the first rank of the Togoland&amp;nbsp;Congress leadership in the 1950s.<ref name="ASAMANY">{{Cite book|last=Skinner|first=K. A. C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKymCQAAQBAJ&q=Regina+Asamany&pg=PA77|title=The Fruits of Freedom in British Togoland: Literacy, Politics and Nationalism, 1914–2014|last2=Skinner|first2=Kate|date=17 June 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107074637|page=77}}</ref> She was a member of parliament representing the Volta Region from 1960 to 1965 and the member of parliament for Kpando from 1965 to 1966.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1960 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgFIAQAAIAAJ&q=Asamany+miss+regina |journal=Parliamentary Debates |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=iii}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQNIAQAAIAAJ&q=Asamany+miss+regina |journal=Parliamentary Debates |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=xvi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1962 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwRIAQAAIAAJ&q=Asamany+miss+regina |journal=Parliamentary Debates |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=xiv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1963 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BghIAQAAIAAJ&q=Asamany+miss+regina |journal=Parliamentary Debates |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=iii}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961 |title=Ghana Year Book 1961 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qISAAAAIAAJ&q=Asamany |journal=Ghana Year Book |publisher=Daily Graphic |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=Parliamentary Debates; Official Report, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwpIAQAAIAAJ&q=Kpandu |journal=Parliamentary Debates |publisher=Ghana National Assembly |page=iii and 8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1966 |title=Ghana Year Book 1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8C8uAQAAIAAJ&q=Asamany |journal=Ghana Year Book |publisher=Daily Graphic |page=22}}</ref> rypahcrd9uy2f8y333z92un2bf743s4 70257 70249 2025-07-10T22:35:40Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Regina Asamany''' (born 30 July 1927) be Ghanaian politician wey come from Kpando, one town insyd de Volta Region of Ghana. She dey widely recognize as one of de women wey demma effort help Ghana take get independence. She be daughter of ivory carver plus she be de only woman wey fit enter de first rank of Togoland Congress leadership insyd de 1950s. She be member of parliament wey represent Volta Region from 1960 till 1965, plus member of parliament for Kpando from 1965 till 1966. == Biography == Asamany be born on 30 July 1927 for Kpando insyd de Volta Region. She start ein early education for Kpando Presbyterian School from 1935 till 1940, plus she later move go Kumasi Government Girls' School from 1941 till 1944. Asamany be one of de first women wey enter insyd parliament of Ghana insyd 1960 under de Representation of de People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 on top Convention People's Party ticket. While she dey insyd parliament, she serve as deputy Minister for Labour plus Social Welfare from 1961 till 1963. Before she enter insyd parliament, she work for Ministry of Labour plus Social Welfare as mass education assistant. She be Executive Member of National Council of Ghana Women, Trustee for Kwame Nkrumah Trust Fund plus Chairman for Visiting Committee of Borstal Institutes. Insyd 1979, she found Mother Ghana Solidarity Party plus she get intention to contest for presidency insyd 1979 general elections, but she no fit contest as she miss de registration deadline by few minutes sake of say de cheque for registration fee delay. 3ys8qt96wxwcpizc70g9r3crsav344i 70259 70257 2025-07-10T22:36:18Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Regina Asamany''' (born 30 July 1927) be Ghanaian politician wey come from Kpando, one town insyd de Volta Region of Ghana. She dey widely recognize as one of de women wey demma effort help Ghana take get independence. She be daughter of ivory carver plus she be de only woman wey fit enter de first rank of Togoland Congress leadership insyd de 1950s. She be member of parliament wey represent Volta Region from 1960 till 1965, plus member of parliament for Kpando from 1965 till 1966. == Biography == Asamany be born on 30 July 1927 for Kpando insyd de Volta Region. She start ein early education for Kpando Presbyterian School from 1935 till 1940, plus she later move go Kumasi Government Girls' School from 1941 till 1944. Asamany be one of de first women wey enter insyd parliament of Ghana insyd 1960 under de Representation of de People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 on top Convention People's Party ticket. While she dey insyd parliament, she serve as deputy Minister for Labour plus Social Welfare from 1961 till 1963. Before she enter insyd parliament, she work for Ministry of Labour plus Social Welfare as mass education assistant. She be Executive Member of National Council of Ghana Women, Trustee for Kwame Nkrumah Trust Fund plus Chairman for Visiting Committee of Borstal Institutes. Insyd 1979, she found Mother Ghana Solidarity Party plus she get intention to contest for presidency insyd 1979 general elections, but she no fit contest as she miss de registration deadline by few minutes sake of say de cheque for registration fee delay. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 09cb8v4dyrak397iy8ozgj9v8cqzpvd Category:South African people of British descent 14 18597 70251 2025-07-10T22:31:27Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70251 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:South African people of Xhosa descent 14 18598 70252 2025-07-10T22:31:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70252 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:South African prisoners dem sentence to life imprisonment 14 18599 70253 2025-07-10T22:31:55Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 70253 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Benjamin Kofi Asamoah 0 18600 70260 2025-07-10T22:38:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077993|Benjamin Kofi Asamoah]]" 70260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Kofi Asamoah''' (30 March 1917 – 1992) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Abetifi constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be District Commissioner for Kwahu district plus New Juaben District. He sana serve as Eastern Regional Secretary for de Convention People's Party. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 43g0sp1scu9ud3euylaupkwzc8c5l00 70263 70260 2025-07-10T22:43:26Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve article 70263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Kofi Asamoah''' (30 March 1917 – 1992) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Abetifi constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be District Commissioner for Kwahu district plus New Juaben District. He sana serve as Eastern Regional Secretary for de Convention People's Party. == Early life den education == Asamoah be born on 30 March 1917 for Abetifi, one town insyd de Eastern Region. He get ein education for Juaso Government Middle Senior School. == Career den politics == Asamoah start ein career as Winch driver from 1935 till 1940. He join de police force insyd 1941 plus he work as police constable from 1941 till 1946. Insyd 1948, he become de first chairman for Kwahu District branch of de United Gold Coast Convention, but he join de Convention People's Party insyd 1950. On 1 July 1959, dem appoint am as District Commissioner for Kwahu District, plus on 1 December 1960, dem transfer am go Koforidua as District Commissioner for New Juaben District. Insyd 1965, dem appoint am as Member of parliament for Abetifi constituency. He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q0lfcva6k9ijr4hbh29q0hjyhlgkg77 70264 70263 2025-07-10T22:44:51Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve article 70264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Kofi Asamoah''' (30 March 1917 – 1992) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Abetifi constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be District Commissioner for Kwahu district plus New Juaben District. He sana serve as Eastern Regional Secretary for de Convention People's Party. == Early life den education == Asamoah be born on 30 March 1917 for Abetifi, one town insyd de Eastern Region. He get ein education for Juaso Government Middle Senior School. == Career den politics == Asamoah start ein career as Winch driver from 1935 till 1940. He join de police force insyd 1941 plus he work as police constable from 1941 till 1946. Insyd 1948, he become de first chairman for Kwahu District branch of de United Gold Coast Convention, but he join de Convention People's Party insyd 1950. On 1 July 1959, dem appoint am as District Commissioner for Kwahu District, plus on 1 December 1960, dem transfer am go Koforidua as District Commissioner for New Juaben District. Insyd 1965, dem appoint am as Member of parliament for Abetifi constituency. He serve insyd dis role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. == Personal life den death == Asamoah ein hobbies include farming den hunting. He die insyd 1992. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 03nbc7dk9irlxtqpb7wej8rsntdvvo2 User:Domatieha 2 18601 70262 2025-07-10T22:41:17Z Domatieha 3228 Created page with "= Domatieha = Ano know say if them no show you were to reference you no fit do oo me too a dey do too E make me feel say adey lose hope but Allah dey" 70262 wikitext text/x-wiki = Domatieha = Ano know say if them no show you were to reference you no fit do oo me too a dey do too E make me feel say adey lose hope but Allah dey pm6b1xmdxs093h0o9bd6ykvv6ab6474 Comfort Asamoah 0 18602 70268 2025-07-10T22:55:23Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1220117332|Comfort Asamoah]]" 70268 wikitext text/x-wiki == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == q5yum3qv0bfn11q6j5velpcr4hsni0s 70270 70268 2025-07-10T23:00:00Z KISUMAR123 1270 improve article 70270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Comfort Asamoah''' be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Ashanti Region from 1960 till 1965 plus member of parliament for Asante Mampong from 1965 till 1966. Asamoah be one of de first women wey enter insyd parliament of Ghana insyd 1960 under de Representation of de People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 on top Convention People's Party ticket. Before she enter insyd parliament, she serve plus de Workers Brigade from 1957 till 1960. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == jeiy4gmzx1g8mzw15jy2v7oq84i26y7 Francis Yao Asare 0 18603 70277 2025-07-10T23:18:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Yao Asare''' be Ghanaian pharmacist plus politician. He serve insyd different ministerial portfolios plus he serve as member of parliament for Buem constituency insyd de first republic. == Early life den education == Dem born Francis insyd Baroda insyd Southern Togoland. He get ein education for Presbyterian School insyd Anum plus Mfantsipim School insyd Cape Coast. == Career and politics == He train as druggist for Korle Bu Teaching Hospital plus he work as pharmacist for Ghana Civil Service from 1940 till 1947. He serve on Buem Krachi Native Authority, Southern Togoland Council plus he get elect to de Legislative Assembly wey represent Buem insyd 1951. Dat same year, dem appoint am as Ministerial Secretary (deputy minister) for Ministry of Housing. Later, dem appoint am as Minister for Labour, Co-operatives plus Social Welfare plus acting Minister for Communications. Insyd 1957, dem appoint am as Minister for Food plus Agriculture. He work insyd dat role till June 1960. On 1 July 1960, dem appoint am as Commissioner (Regional Minister) for Volta Region. He serve insyd dat role till 1961. Later, he turn Chairman for National Food plus Nutrition Board. He get re-elect to represent Buem constituency insyd subsequent years till 1965 wey dem sentence am to twenty-one years imprisonment on top charges say he defraud de government amount wey pass £1 million. After dem overthrow de Nkrumah government, Francis enter fishing plus dem make am president for National Inshore Boat Owners Association. 8odetj8j6rny5cmvtfp4v3mcddu5n5z 70279 70277 2025-07-10T23:19:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Yao Asare''' be Ghanaian pharmacist plus politician. He serve insyd different ministerial portfolios plus he serve as member of parliament for Buem constituency insyd de first republic. == Early life den education == Dem born Francis insyd Baroda insyd Southern Togoland. He get ein education for Presbyterian School insyd Anum plus Mfantsipim School insyd Cape Coast. == Career and politics == He train as druggist for Korle Bu Teaching Hospital plus he work as pharmacist for Ghana Civil Service from 1940 till 1947. He serve on Buem Krachi Native Authority, Southern Togoland Council plus he get elect to de Legislative Assembly wey represent Buem insyd 1951. Dat same year, dem appoint am as Ministerial Secretary (deputy minister) for Ministry of Housing. Later, dem appoint am as Minister for Labour, Co-operatives plus Social Welfare plus acting Minister for Communications. Insyd 1957, dem appoint am as Minister for Food plus Agriculture. He work insyd dat role till June 1960. On 1 July 1960, dem appoint am as Commissioner (Regional Minister) for Volta Region. He serve insyd dat role till 1961. Later, he turn Chairman for National Food plus Nutrition Board. He get re-elect to represent Buem constituency insyd subsequent years till 1965 wey dem sentence am to twenty-one years imprisonment on top charges say he defraud de government amount wey pass £1 million. After dem overthrow de Nkrumah government, Francis enter fishing plus dem make am president for National Inshore Boat Owners Association. == Death == Francis die on 7 January 2004 at de age of 88. He be buried insyd ein hometown; Buem. == References == jfsida01gxbpiyzyl1ykoh9io6cv8c2 The Role of Crypto and Blockchain in Financial Reparations 0 18604 70278 2025-07-10T23:19:07Z Domatieha 3228 Created page with "== The role of crypto and block chain in financial reparations == === INTRODUCTION === What is Blockchain? E bi digital ledger wey keep records of transactions across de network of computers.de blockchain database dey store data chronological and consistently, dat dey make it immutable.person can use blockchain technology to create a ledger to track orders, transactions account, and payments.Blockchain also dey creates a decentralized system wey dey record transactions..." 70278 wikitext text/x-wiki == The role of crypto and block chain in financial reparations == === INTRODUCTION === What is Blockchain? E bi digital ledger wey keep records of transactions across de network of computers.de blockchain database dey store data chronological and consistently, dat dey make it immutable.person can use blockchain technology to create a ledger to track orders, transactions account, and payments.Blockchain also dey creates a decentralized system wey dey record transactions, and institutions like say banks and stock exchange dem dey use blockchain to manage it payments and market trading transactions. === De Role of Blockchain in finance === Blockchain dey enhances de speed and security of financial transactions.one thing wey dey bring significant impacts bi de introduction of smart contracts ---self executing contracts where de terms dey directly in code.These contracts dey eliminate intermediaries, dem dey save time and money and dey increase security.smart contracts dey fulfill immediately rather than using intermediary saving institutions like banks money dey and security.Blockchains ability to tokenize assets dey means, digital form of asserts wey can be created and moved via blockchain,which dey allow them to exchange in real time.dis dey enhances liquidity and efficiency,lowers risk,and e go broadens access to illiquid markets.since blockchain dey eliminates intermediaries set by crypto, bank dey use cross -border payments,which bi complex networks of intermediaries;Dis bi where blockchain cross border transactions and fees dey come Decentralized finance,wey dem dey call DeFi,dem dey build it from blockchain and allow businesses to interact with campanies weyl people dey interact with people using financial services and platforms to lend, borrow,dem dey trade without de help of banks. [https://www.withum.com/resources/revolutionizing-finance-the-role-of-blockchain-in-the-financial-services-industry/] ridf13omcpaobmjb3077u16b7wm26h1 70288 70278 2025-07-10T23:29:50Z Domatieha 3228 70288 wikitext text/x-wiki == <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.withum.com/resources/revolutionizing-finance-the-role-of-blockchain-in-the-financial-services-industry/</nowiki></ref><ref name=":0" />The role of crypto and block chain in financial reparations == === INTRODUCTION === What is Blockchain? E bi digital ledger wey keep records of transactions across de network of computers.de blockchain database dey store data chronological and consistently, dat dey make it immutable.person can use blockchain technology to create a ledger to track orders, transactions account, and payments.Blockchain also dey creates a decentralized system wey dey record transactions, and institutions like say banks and stock exchange dem dey use blockchain to manage it payments and market trading transactions. === De Role of Blockchain in finance === Blockchain dey enhances de speed and security of financial transactions.one thing wey dey bring significant impacts bi de introduction of smart contracts ---self executing contracts where de terms dey directly in code.These contracts dey eliminate intermediaries, dem dey save time and money and dey increase security.smart contracts dey fulfill immediately rather than using intermediary saving institutions like banks money dey and security.Blockchains ability to tokenize assets dey means, digital form of asserts wey can be created and moved via blockchain,which dey allow them to exchange in real time.dis dey enhances liquidity and efficiency,lowers risk,and e go broadens access to illiquid markets.since blockchain dey eliminates intermediaries set by crypto, bank dey use cross -border payments,which bi complex networks of intermediaries;Dis bi where blockchain cross border transactions and fees dey come Decentralized finance,wey dem dey call DeFi,dem dey build it from blockchain and allow businesses to interact with campanies weyl people dey interact with people using financial services and platforms to lend, borrow,dem dey trade without de help of banks. ==== Current Blockchain industries l ==== Ripples:e dey facilitate faster transactions for financial institutions, including banks. Chainalysis:e don dey enhances security and compliance in cryptocurrency transactions. Coinbase:dey exchange cryptocurrencyll<ref name=":0" /> 6lktlwaa130a2zueoxc5udmunubstio Theodore Obo Asare Jnr 0 18605 70280 2025-07-10T23:21:19Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259077995|Theodore Obo Asare Jnr]]" 70280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theodore Obo Asare Jr.''' (1926 – 1994) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Akan Bowiri constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be chairman for Ghana Commercial Bank. rvbu0agqiph21zyazrky0kmcdi3yhqc 70283 70280 2025-07-10T23:23:58Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theodore Obo Asare Jr.''' (1926 – 1994) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Akan Bowiri constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be chairman for Ghana Commercial Bank. == Early life den education == Dem born Asare on 19 November 1926 for Worawora, one town insyd de Oti Region of Ghana. He start ein early education for Presbyterian Mission School, Worawora from 1935 till 1943. After dat, he proceed go Presbyterian Secondary School (wey now dey called Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) for Odumase Krobo from 1944 till 1946. He enter insyd Lincoln University insyd 1946 to pursue bachelor's degree program plus he graduate insyd 1950. He obtain ein master's degree insyd economics from Clarke University insyd 1952 plus ein doctorate degree from London School of Economics insyd 1955. == Career den politics == Asare start ein career as civil servant insyd 1953, plus insyd 1954, he earn United Nations Fellowship Scholarship to pursue doctorate program for London School of Economics. Insyd 1957, he join Bank of Ghana, plus one year later dem appoint am as Principal for Economics section of de bank. Insyd 1960, he move go Ghana Commercial Bank plus dem appoint am as Deputy Managing Director. For September dat same year, dem appoint am as Chairman plus Managing Director for de bank. Insyd June 1965, he become member of parliament for Akan Bowiri constituency. He serve insyd dat role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. bbpfdvcw7hpxm0w7bjxdkpyp26iinbp 70284 70283 2025-07-10T23:25:04Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theodore Obo Asare Jr.''' (1926 – 1994) be Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be member of parliament for Akan Bowiri constituency from 1965 till 1966. Before he enter insyd parliament, he be chairman for Ghana Commercial Bank. == Early life den education == Dem born Asare on 19 November 1926 for Worawora, one town insyd de Oti Region of Ghana. He start ein early education for Presbyterian Mission School, Worawora from 1935 till 1943. After dat, he proceed go Presbyterian Secondary School (wey now dey called Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School) for Odumase Krobo from 1944 till 1946. He enter insyd Lincoln University insyd 1946 to pursue bachelor's degree program plus he graduate insyd 1950. He obtain ein master's degree insyd economics from Clarke University insyd 1952 plus ein doctorate degree from London School of Economics insyd 1955. == Career den politics == Asare start ein career as civil servant insyd 1953, plus insyd 1954, he earn United Nations Fellowship Scholarship to pursue doctorate program for London School of Economics. Insyd 1957, he join Bank of Ghana, plus one year later dem appoint am as Principal for Economics section of de bank. Insyd 1960, he move go Ghana Commercial Bank plus dem appoint am as Deputy Managing Director. For September dat same year, dem appoint am as Chairman plus Managing Director for de bank. Insyd June 1965, he become member of parliament for Akan Bowiri constituency. He serve insyd dat role till February 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. == Personal life == Ein hobbies include stamp collecting den coin collecting. Asare die insyd 1994, aged 68. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == jb3cqv9o2u2e9lxy59cbj3me1xjuk1z Ayeebo Asumda 0 18606 70285 2025-07-10T23:26:37Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1261715435|Ayeebo Asumda]]" 70285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayeebo Asumda''' (1924–2002) be Ghanaian educationist plus politician. He serve as minister of state insyd de first republic. He be de first Regional Commissioner (Regional Minister) for de Upper Region—a region wey include wetin we dey call today de Upper East Region plus Upper West Region. He serve as member of parliament for Kusasi West electoral district plus later for Kusanaba electoral district. He sana serve as member of de Council of State insyd de fourth republic. p0xnfm04od86crm9alh86dwevwcg2ic 70287 70285 2025-07-10T23:29:37Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayeebo Asumda''' (1924–2002) be Ghanaian educationist plus politician. He serve as minister of state insyd de first republic. He be de first Regional Commissioner (Regional Minister) for de Upper Region—a region wey include wetin we dey call today de Upper East Region plus Upper West Region. He serve as member of parliament for Kusasi West electoral district plus later for Kusanaba electoral district. He sana serve as member of de Council of State insyd de fourth republic. == Early life den education == Asumda be born on 24 January 1924 to Abugure Kusasi (ein poppie) plus Abana Kusasi (ein mother). Ein name Ayeebo be name wey dem adopt from ein uncle wey dem dey call Atia Ayeebo Kusanaba. Ein uncle be de one wey take care of ein education plus upbringing. Asumda start ein early education for Gambaga Primary School insyd 1931. Later, he transfer go Tamale Government Boys School insyd 1939 for ein middle school education. He obtain ein Standard 7 certificate insyd 1942 plus he enter Tamale Teacher Training College (wey now dem dey call Bagabaga College of Education) insyd 1945. After two years training, dem award am ein Teachers' Certificate 'B'. == Career den politics == Before he enter insyd Tamale Teacher Training College insyd 1945, Asumda dey work as pupil teacher for two years. Insyd 1946, Asumda take teaching appointment for Zebilla plus he teach there till 1951 wey he decide to enter politics. Insyd 1951, Asumda get nominate to represent Kusasi West constituency insyd National Assembly. He stand for de seat insyd 1954 plus 1956 plus he win both times. He remain insyd parliament till 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. During ein time insyd parliament till July 1960 wey dem appoint am as Regional Commissioner for de Upper Region, Asumda serve as Parliamentary Secretary (ministerial secretary or deputy minister) for different ministries, some of dem include Ministry of Works, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Trade plus Industry plus Ministry of Health plus Social Welfare. Asumda remain as Regional Commissioner for Upper Region from July 1960 till 24 February 1966. npj0hqonba29lft1xzeffbs7k37qmfu 70289 70287 2025-07-10T23:37:02Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayeebo Asumda''' (1924–2002) be Ghanaian educationist plus politician. He serve as minister of state insyd de first republic. He be de first Regional Commissioner (Regional Minister) for de Upper Region—a region wey include wetin we dey call today de Upper East Region plus Upper West Region. He serve as member of parliament for Kusasi West electoral district plus later for Kusanaba electoral district. He sana serve as member of de Council of State insyd de fourth republic. == Early life den education == Asumda be born on 24 January 1924 to Abugure Kusasi (ein poppie) plus Abana Kusasi (ein mother). Ein name Ayeebo be name wey dem adopt from ein uncle wey dem dey call Atia Ayeebo Kusanaba. Ein uncle be de one wey take care of ein education plus upbringing. Asumda start ein early education for Gambaga Primary School insyd 1931. Later, he transfer go Tamale Government Boys School insyd 1939 for ein middle school education. He obtain ein Standard 7 certificate insyd 1942 plus he enter Tamale Teacher Training College (wey now dem dey call Bagabaga College of Education) insyd 1945. After two years training, dem award am ein Teachers' Certificate 'B'. == Career den politics == Before he enter insyd Tamale Teacher Training College insyd 1945, Asumda dey work as pupil teacher for two years. Insyd 1946, Asumda take teaching appointment for Zebilla plus he teach there till 1951 wey he decide to enter politics. Insyd 1951, Asumda get nominate to represent Kusasi West constituency insyd National Assembly. He stand for de seat insyd 1954 plus 1956 plus he win both times. He remain insyd parliament till 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. During ein time insyd parliament till July 1960 wey dem appoint am as Regional Commissioner for de Upper Region, Asumda serve as Parliamentary Secretary (ministerial secretary or deputy minister) for different ministries, some of dem include Ministry of Works, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Trade plus Industry plus Ministry of Health plus Social Welfare. Asumda remain as Regional Commissioner for Upper Region from July 1960 till 24 February 1966. == Personal life == Asumda get two brothers; Anyagre Azampaka plus Anyagibila Azampaka, plus one sister; Aryapoka Azampaka. Insyd 1946, he marry two wives; Madam Ateedpagira plus Madam Ayineem. Ein marriage plus Madam Ayineem dissolve insyd 1951. Insyd 1953, he marry Madam Atesikongi plus insyd 1954 he marry Madam Ayelsabliga Batuure. == Death den legacy == Asumda die insyd 2002. Dem bury am for Kusanaba, one town insyd Bawku West District of de Upper East Region. Insyd 2006, de vice president that time, Alhaji Aliu Mahama, launch de Asumda Foundation for Education. De aim of de foundation be to support pursuit of culture, education plus sports insyd Northern, Upper East plus Upper West regions. tdbngw8n935ds5svgvpxcf1tvudtt1c 70309 70289 2025-07-11T08:12:31Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayeebo Asumda''' (1924–2002) be Ghanaian educationist plus politician. He serve as minister of state insyd de first republic. He be de first Regional Commissioner (Regional Minister) for de Upper Region—a region wey include wetin we dey call today de Upper East Region plus Upper West Region. He serve as member of parliament for Kusasi West electoral district plus later for Kusanaba electoral district. He sana serve as member of de Council of State insyd de fourth republic. == Early life den education == Asumda be born on 24 January 1924 to Abugure Kusasi (ein poppie) plus Abana Kusasi (ein mother). Ein name Ayeebo be name wey dem adopt from ein uncle wey dem dey call Atia Ayeebo Kusanaba. Ein uncle be de one wey take care of ein education plus upbringing. Asumda start ein early education for Gambaga Primary School insyd 1931. Later, he transfer go Tamale Government Boys School insyd 1939 for ein middle school education. He obtain ein Standard 7 certificate insyd 1942 plus he enter Tamale Teacher Training College (wey now dem dey call Bagabaga College of Education) insyd 1945. After two years training, dem award am ein Teachers' Certificate 'B'. == Career den politics == Before he enter insyd Tamale Teacher Training College insyd 1945, Asumda dey work as pupil teacher for two years. Insyd 1946, Asumda take teaching appointment for Zebilla plus he teach there till 1951 wey he decide to enter politics. Insyd 1951, Asumda get nominate to represent Kusasi West constituency insyd National Assembly. He stand for de seat insyd 1954 plus 1956 plus he win both times. He remain insyd parliament till 1966 wey dem overthrow de Nkrumah government. During ein time insyd parliament till July 1960 wey dem appoint am as Regional Commissioner for de Upper Region, Asumda serve as Parliamentary Secretary (ministerial secretary or deputy minister) for different ministries, some of dem include Ministry of Works, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Trade plus Industry plus Ministry of Health plus Social Welfare. Asumda remain as Regional Commissioner for Upper Region from July 1960 till 24 February 1966. == Personal life == Asumda get two brothers; Anyagre Azampaka plus Anyagibila Azampaka, plus one sister; Aryapoka Azampaka. Insyd 1946, he marry two wives; Madam Ateedpagira plus Madam Ayineem. Ein marriage plus Madam Ayineem dissolve insyd 1951. Insyd 1953, he marry Madam Atesikongi plus insyd 1954 he marry Madam Ayelsabliga Batuure. == Death den legacy == Asumda die insyd 2002. Dem bury am for Kusanaba, one town insyd Bawku West District of de Upper East Region. Insyd 2006, de vice president that time, Alhaji Aliu Mahama, launch de Asumda Foundation for Education. De aim of de foundation be to support pursuit of culture, education plus sports insyd Northern, Upper East plus Upper West regions. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == s8dv0xy2np28jy3eutsknnxid4uiqjx Current Blockchain Platforms in the Industry Ripple: Facilitates faster transactions for financial institutions, including banks. Chainalysis: Enhances security and compliance in cryptocurrency transactions. Coinbase: A cryptocurrency exchange platform. 0 18607 70294 2025-07-11T00:02:59Z Domatieha 3228 Created page with "= Current Blockchain Platforms in the industry Ripple = === INTRODUCTION for dis page === Ripple, chainalysis and Coinbase bi three prominent Blockchain Platforms wey dey industry insyd,each get it distinct roles.Ripple dey focus on enabling faster and more efficient financial transactions, particularly for Institutions lyk banks.Chainalysis dey specialize in enhancing security and compliance within cryptocurrency transactions,wey dey offer tools for analysis and risk r..." 70294 wikitext text/x-wiki = Current Blockchain Platforms in the industry Ripple = === INTRODUCTION for dis page === Ripple, chainalysis and Coinbase bi three prominent Blockchain Platforms wey dey industry insyd,each get it distinct roles.Ripple dey focus on enabling faster and more efficient financial transactions, particularly for Institutions lyk banks.Chainalysis dey specialize in enhancing security and compliance within cryptocurrency transactions,wey dey offer tools for analysis and risk risk management.coinbase bi a well known cryptocurrency exchange platform, facilitating the buying, selling and trading of various digital assets ==== <ref><nowiki>https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/6/144#:~:text=In%20cross%2Dborder%20payments%2C%20traditional,performance%20through%20the%20following%20mechanisms</nowiki>:</ref>Dis bi more details ==== ===== Ripples ===== Dis blockchain platform dey design am to provide faster and more efficient cross border payments for financial institutions. E aims to streamline international transactions e wan do dat by reducing de number of intermediaries wey involved and de time it takes for transactions to be processed.e bi banks wey dey use Ripple's technology and payment providers to improve their payment systems.<ref><nowiki>https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/6/144</nowiki></ref> 5ewscye8kwzpzixtwkxdqin73zoqk94 70299 70294 2025-07-11T00:21:24Z Domatieha 3228 70299 wikitext text/x-wiki = Current Blockchain Platforms in the industry Ripple = === INTRODUCTION for dis page === Ripple, chainalysis and Coinbase bi three prominent Blockchain Platforms wey dey industry insyd,each get it distinct roles.Ripple dey focus on enabling faster and more efficient financial transactions, particularly for Institutions lyk banks.Chainalysis dey specialize in enhancing security and compliance within cryptocurrency transactions,wey dey offer tools for analysis and risk risk management.coinbase bi a well known cryptocurrency exchange platform, facilitating the buying, selling and trading of various digital assets ==== <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://blog.servermania.com/best-crypto-exchanges</nowiki></ref>Dis bi more details ==== ===== Ripples ===== Dis blockchain platform dey design am to provide faster and more efficient cross border payments for financial institutions. E aims to streamline international transactions e wan do dat by reducing de number of intermediaries wey involved and de time it takes for transactions to be processed.e bi banks wey dey use Ripple's technology and payment providers to improve their payment systems. ===== chainalysis ===== Dis dey provides blockchain analysis and compliance solutions.chainalysis dey help organizations understand,track,and manage their cryptocurrency -related risk.Their services dey include transaction monitoring,entity risk assessment,and advanced due diligence tools.na financial institutions wey dey use financial institutions, government agencies,and cryptocurrency businesses for dem to ensure regulatory compliance and security wey dey cryptocurrency space. ===== <ref><nowiki>https://builtin.com/blockchain/blockchain-companies-roundup</nowiki></ref>Coinbase ===== Dis bi one of de largest and well known cryptocurrency exchanges.e dey allow users to buy,sell and store various cryptocurrencies.coinbase also dey offer other services lyk Coinbase pro for advanced trading and Coinbase wallet too dey manage digital assets. <ref name=":0" /> hw2jdycqkpa72t5drmon8fbh0ag2uhz France’s Colonial Tax on African Nations and Calls for Restitution 0 18608 70300 2025-07-11T00:48:01Z Domatieha 3228 Created page with "= France's colonial tax on African Nations and calls for restitution = === INTRODUCTION === ===== Did you know many African countries continue to pay tax to France since their independence till today! ===== Sékou Toure of Guinea decided in 1958 say e want to get out for french colonial empire, and opted for de country independence,de french colonial elite wey dey paris got angry, history talk say de french administration wey dey Guinea dey destroy everything wey dey d..." 70300 wikitext text/x-wiki = France's colonial tax on African Nations and calls for restitution = === INTRODUCTION === ===== Did you know many African countries continue to pay tax to France since their independence till today! ===== Sékou Toure of Guinea decided in 1958 say e want to get out for french colonial empire, and opted for de country independence,de french colonial elite wey dey paris got angry, history talk say de french administration wey dey Guinea dey destroy everything wey dey de country insyd which dem dey call de benefits from french colonization. Three thousand french left de country,dem took all dem property and destroying anything which cannot be moved: schools, nurseries, public administration building were scattered;cars, books, medicine, research institute instruments, tractors were crushed and sabotaged;horses cows wey dey farm insyd were killed, and food wey dey warehouse de set fire for all or dey poisoned am.<ref><nowiki>https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/14-african-countries-forced-france-pay-colonial-tax-benefits-arnold</nowiki></ref> 9iwqjmk7puxpg5t8v2cpqa033u4yrfk 70330 70300 2025-07-11T10:53:28Z Domatieha 3228 /* INTRODUCTION */ 70330 wikitext text/x-wiki = France's colonial tax on African Nations and calls for restitution = == INTRODUCTION == ===== Did you know many African countries continue to pay tax to France since their independence till today! ===== Sékou Toure of Guinea decided in 1958 say e want to get out for french colonial empire, and opted for de country independence,de french colonial elite wey dey paris got angry, history talk say de french administration wey dey Guinea dey destroy everything wey dey de country insyd which dem dey call de benefits from french colonization. Three thousand french left de country,dem took all dem property and destroying anything which cannot be moved: schools, nurseries, public administration building were scattered;cars, books, medicine, research institute instruments, tractors were crushed and sabotaged;horses cows wey dey farm insyd were killed, and food wey dey warehouse de set fire for all or dey poisoned am.<ref><nowiki>https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/14-african-countries-forced-france-pay-colonial-tax-benefits-arnold</nowiki></ref> 3wdrh101nv4yc9a943rqeh057f5pcjp Nantogma Atta 0 18609 70310 2025-07-11T08:16:28Z KISUMAR123 1270 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259078002|Nantogma Atta]]" 70310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nantogma''' '''Atta''' (born 1924) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Nanum Dagbon constituency from 1954 go 1965. For 1965, he come be member of parliament for Bimbilla constituency. As he dey parliament, he serve as deputy minister for defence. sy1az5zq0w74h6ab6j5xhtpfbh07ygw 70313 70310 2025-07-11T08:37:44Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nantogma''' '''Atta''' (born 1924) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Nanum Dagbon constituency from 1954 go 1965. For 1965, he come be member of parliament for Bimbilla constituency. As he dey parliament, he serve as deputy minister for defence. == Early life and education == Dem born Atta insyd 1924. He get ein education for Presbyterian Mission School wey dey Kpando. Later, he go take commercial course for Agona Swedru wey make he get diploma insyd 1950. == Career and politics == Before he go study de commercial course for Agona Swedru, Atta work small for Animal Health Department. After he get ein diploma, Department of Rural Water Supply employ am. He later resign go serve as state secretary for Nanumba den clerk for Bimbilla Local Council, position wey he hold from 1950 till 1954 wey he enter parliament. Insyd 1954, he enter parliament represent Nanum Dagbon electoral area under Convention People's Party (CPP). He serve for parliament till 1956 wey dem dissolve parliament. Before parliament start again for 1956, CPP nominate am again to represent Nanum Dagbon electoral area. Inside 1956 parliamentary elections, dem re-elect am make he serve Nanum Dagbon electoral area for parliament. He serve dat role till 1965 wey he come be member of parliament for Bimbilla constituency. As he dey parliament, dem appoint am deputy minister for defence. He remain for parliament till 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. i1xrm5gcn82w42b14gwtwgw4cz3pw53 70314 70313 2025-07-11T08:38:34Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nantogma''' '''Atta''' (born 1924) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Nanum Dagbon constituency from 1954 go 1965. For 1965, he come be member of parliament for Bimbilla constituency. As he dey parliament, he serve as deputy minister for defence. == Early life and education == Dem born Atta insyd 1924. He get ein education for Presbyterian Mission School wey dey Kpando. Later, he go take commercial course for Agona Swedru wey make he get diploma insyd 1950. == Career and politics == Before he go study de commercial course for Agona Swedru, Atta work small for Animal Health Department. After he get ein diploma, Department of Rural Water Supply employ am. He later resign go serve as state secretary for Nanumba den clerk for Bimbilla Local Council, position wey he hold from 1950 till 1954 wey he enter parliament. Insyd 1954, he enter parliament represent Nanum Dagbon electoral area under Convention People's Party (CPP). He serve for parliament till 1956 wey dem dissolve parliament. Before parliament start again for 1956, CPP nominate am again to represent Nanum Dagbon electoral area. Inside 1956 parliamentary elections, dem re-elect am make he serve Nanum Dagbon electoral area for parliament. He serve dat role till 1965 wey he come be member of parliament for Bimbilla constituency. As he dey parliament, dem appoint am deputy minister for defence. He remain for parliament till 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == bjyzyei8iank6gyb7o9234ok3ccv0cx Yaa Asantewaa Festival 0 18610 70311 2025-07-11T08:19:28Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Asantewaa Festival. 70311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Yaa Asantewaa Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people for Ejisu Traditional Area for Ashanti Region inside Ghana dey do. Dem dey celebrate am mostly for August<ref>https://www.yearofreturn.com/events/yaa-asantewaa-festival-of-arts-and-culture/</ref>. This festival start because of the Royal House of Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa Yaa Asantewaa Ababio II. Dem start am to mark 95 years since Queen Yaa Asantewaa die, and also to honor wetin she do during the War of the Golden Stool. The festival last for nine days, and e also show respect to Queen Mother Yaa Akyaa (wey be the mama of King Nana Prempeh) plus all the other kings and chiefs wey the British people carry go exile for Seychelles around the early 1900s. Some of the people wey dem exile include Sultan of Perak Abdullah Muhammad Shah II, King of Buganda Mwanga II, and King of Bunyoro Chwa II Kabalega<ref>http://seychellesfestivalofsaintyaa.com/festival/index.html</ref>. Other big people wey British exile be Makarios III (the first President of Seychelles) and Saad Zaghloul (the 17th Prime Minister of Egypt). == REFERENCE == gug9nz8cbezgf10hjr1ljh6ose79doo 70312 70311 2025-07-11T08:36:12Z TO THE GAME 1283 70312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Yaa Asantewaa Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people for Ejisu Traditional Area for Ashanti Region inside Ghana dey do. Dem dey celebrate am mostly for August<ref>https://www.yearofreturn.com/events/yaa-asantewaa-festival-of-arts-and-culture/</ref>. This festival start because of the Royal House of Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa Yaa Asantewaa Ababio II. Dem start am to mark 95 years since Queen Yaa Asantewaa die, and also to honor wetin she do during the War of the Golden Stool. The festival last for nine days, and e also show respect to Queen Mother Yaa Akyaa (wey be the mama of King Nana Prempeh) plus all the other kings and chiefs wey the British people carry go exile for Seychelles around the early 1900s. Some of the people wey dem exile include Sultan of Perak Abdullah Muhammad Shah II, King of Buganda Mwanga II, and King of Bunyoro Chwa II Kabalega<ref>http://seychellesfestivalofsaintyaa.com/festival/index.html</ref>. Other big people wey British exile be Makarios III (the first President of Seychelles) and Saad Zaghloul (the 17th Prime Minister of Egypt). == Celebrations == For Ejisu inside Kumasi, dem dey hold durbar of chiefs, and na the Paramount Chief of Ejisu dey sit on top as the head<ref>https://www.ghanaembassy-germany.com/travel-tourism/festival/</ref>. For Seychelles too, one special memorial ceremony happen on October 17, 2016. Dem organize am to remember 95 years since Yaa Asantewaa die (wey be say she die for Seychelles on October 17, 1921). Na the Office of the Reincarnation Successor, Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa Yaa Asantewaa Ababio II from the Tano Yaw shrine for Ejisu (wey dey under UNESCO world heritage), wey organize the event. Ethiopian Airlines sponsor am, and dem do am together with the Seychelles Ministry for Culture and the National Archives<ref>https://www.nation.sc/archive/251467/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-honoured-on-95th-death-anniversary</ref>. Still for Seychelles, dem do one special show dem call '''Saint Yaa Asantewaa Memorial Exhibition'''. The Seychelles Nation newspaper talk say the exhibition special well well. Dem open am officially on October 21, 2016, for the National History Museums. Na Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa (wey be the reincarnation successor of Yaa Asantewaa) wey open the show. The exhibition be to mark 95 years since the legendary brave warrior Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa from Ghana pass away for Seychelles on October 17, 1921<ref>https://www.nation.sc/archive/251528/exhibition-honours-queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa</ref>. == Significance == The chiefs plus the people wey dey live for Ejisu dey pay respect give Yaa Asantewaa. She be Ashanti war heroine wey lead fight against the British people for 1901<ref>https://dailyguidenetwork.com/yaa-asantewaa-festival-proposed/</ref>. The festival too dey remember how brave she be, especially how she stand up against the British dem when dem wan take the Golden Stool of the Ashantis. That move wey she take make yawa burst and cause uprising for late 1690s. == REFERENCE == ox3w0379ufhf2hwsb5tig9lb4div4eo 70315 70312 2025-07-11T08:39:01Z TO THE GAME 1283 70315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Yaa Asantewaa Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people for Ejisu Traditional Area for Ashanti Region inside Ghana dey do. Dem dey celebrate am mostly for August<ref>https://www.yearofreturn.com/events/yaa-asantewaa-festival-of-arts-and-culture/</ref>. This festival start because of the Royal House of Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa Yaa Asantewaa Ababio II. Dem start am to mark 95 years since Queen Yaa Asantewaa die, and also to honor wetin she do during the War of the Golden Stool. The festival last for nine days, and e also show respect to Queen Mother Yaa Akyaa (wey be the mama of King Nana Prempeh) plus all the other kings and chiefs wey the British people carry go exile for Seychelles around the early 1900s. Some of the people wey dem exile include Sultan of Perak Abdullah Muhammad Shah II, King of Buganda Mwanga II, and King of Bunyoro Chwa II Kabalega<ref>http://seychellesfestivalofsaintyaa.com/festival/index.html</ref>. Other big people wey British exile be Makarios III (the first President of Seychelles) and Saad Zaghloul (the 17th Prime Minister of Egypt). == Celebrations == For Ejisu inside Kumasi, dem dey hold durbar of chiefs, and na the Paramount Chief of Ejisu dey sit on top as the head<ref>https://www.ghanaembassy-germany.com/travel-tourism/festival/</ref>. For Seychelles too, one special memorial ceremony happen on October 17, 2016. Dem organize am to remember 95 years since Yaa Asantewaa die (wey be say she die for Seychelles on October 17, 1921). Na the Office of the Reincarnation Successor, Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa Yaa Asantewaa Ababio II from the Tano Yaw shrine for Ejisu (wey dey under UNESCO world heritage), wey organize the event. Ethiopian Airlines sponsor am, and dem do am together with the Seychelles Ministry for Culture and the National Archives<ref>https://www.nation.sc/archive/251467/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-honoured-on-95th-death-anniversary</ref>. Still for Seychelles, dem do one special show dem call '''Saint Yaa Asantewaa Memorial Exhibition'''. The Seychelles Nation newspaper talk say the exhibition special well well. Dem open am officially on October 21, 2016, for the National History Museums. Na Queen Mother Saa Pogh Naa (wey be the reincarnation successor of Yaa Asantewaa) wey open the show. The exhibition be to mark 95 years since the legendary brave warrior Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa from Ghana pass away for Seychelles on October 17, 1921<ref>https://www.nation.sc/archive/251528/exhibition-honours-queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa</ref>. == Significance == The chiefs plus the people wey dey live for Ejisu dey pay respect give Yaa Asantewaa. She be Ashanti war heroine wey lead fight against the British people for 1901<ref>https://dailyguidenetwork.com/yaa-asantewaa-festival-proposed/</ref>. The festival too dey remember how brave she be, especially how she stand up against the British dem when dem wan take the Golden Stool of the Ashantis. That move wey she take make yawa burst and cause uprising for late 1690s. == REFERENCE == <references /> [[Category:Festivals insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Ashanti Empire]] lhdlzwi8yzk5w3zyf72sulgcffm3skz Asafua Festival 0 18611 70316 2025-07-11T08:53:05Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Asafua festival 70316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asafua Festival''' na yearly festival wey the chiefs and people of Sekondi for Western Region of Ghana dey celebrate. Dem dey usually do am for the month of June<ref>https://ghanareview.com/festivals2.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210118192700/http://www.slutchtours.com/?page_id=21</ref>. == Celebrations == During the festival, visitors dey welcome to chop food and drink with the people. The community people go wear their traditional clothes, and dem go hold durbar of chiefs. You go see plenty dancing and drumming too<ref>http://ww1.ghanaembassyiran.com/</ref>. == Significance == This festival dem dey celebrate am to cleanse and purify the spirit of '''Asafua'''<ref>https://touringghana.com/festivals/ </ref>. == Reference == 6et6skduhheafi58fo3rng3ebqb9wq4 Eddie festival 0 18612 70317 2025-07-11T08:58:14Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Eddie festival 70317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eddie Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people of Wassa for Western Region of [[Ghana]] dey do. Dem dey usually celebrate am for the month of January<ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=nVMKlKsEf8oC&q=eddie+festival+of+wassa&pg=PP13&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=eddie%20festival%20of%20wassa&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=35MrDwAAQBAJ&q=eddie+festival+of+wassa&pg=PA70&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=eddie%20festival%20of%20wassa&f=false</ref>. == Reference == gvmpn7hooxisoatw5eu8aw6p3lij6nc 70318 70317 2025-07-11T09:07:46Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Eddie festival 70318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eddie Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people of Wassa for Western Region of [[Ghana]] dey do. Dem dey usually celebrate am for the month of January<ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=nVMKlKsEf8oC&q=eddie+festival+of+wassa&pg=PP13&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=eddie%20festival%20of%20wassa&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=35MrDwAAQBAJ&q=eddie+festival+of+wassa&pg=PA70&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=eddie%20festival%20of%20wassa&f=false</ref>. == Celebration == During the festival, dem dey welcome visitors make dem join chop food and drink. The people go wear traditional clothes, and durbar of chiefs go happen. You go see dancing and drumming too<ref>http://www.ghanaembassyiran.com/en/page/majorfestivals</ref>. == Significance == This festival dem dey celebrate am to remember one important event wey happun for the past<ref>https://www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com/tourism.html</ref>. E help bring unity among the local people and promote peace for the area. E still make people come together plan how dem go develop new projects for the community<ref>http://www.s158663955.websitehome.co.uk/ghanaculture/mod_print.php?sectionid=531</ref>. == Reference == 185byo0ni2iign4e554z0yzez76sloo Emmanuel Yaw Attigah 0 18613 70319 2025-07-11T09:13:29Z KISUMAR123 1270 create new article 70319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Yaw Attigah''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Ho East constituency from 1960 go 1965. For 1965, he come be member of parliament for Ho constituency, constituency wey dem form by merging Ho East plus Ho West constituencies. Before Attigah enter parliament, Rev. F. R. Amewotobla be de one wey represent Ho East constituency. Rev. Amewotobla be wanted for detention under Preventive Detention Act, so for March 1960 he go seek political asylum for Togo. Dem then declare Ho East seat vacant, den elect Attigah under Convention People's Party make he occupy de seat. Attigah swear into office plus Hans Kofi Boni (wey be de new member for Ho West constituency) on 11 August 1960. jntds6djbbmftox4azxn19vtyhfo6di 70320 70319 2025-07-11T09:15:09Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Yaw Attigah''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Ho East constituency from 1960 go 1965. For 1965, he come be member of parliament for Ho constituency, constituency wey dem form by merging Ho East plus Ho West constituencies. Before Attigah enter parliament, Rev. F. R. Amewotobla be de one wey represent Ho East constituency. Rev. Amewotobla be wanted for detention under Preventive Detention Act, so for March 1960 he go seek political asylum for Togo. Dem then declare Ho East seat vacant, den elect Attigah under Convention People's Party make he occupy de seat. Attigah swear into office plus Hans Kofi Boni (wey be de new member for Ho West constituency) on 11 August 1960. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == m4t8oefxjv6asrd13xjvgui7bhmv437 Kakube festival 0 18614 70321 2025-07-11T09:39:00Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Kakube festival 70321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kakube Festival''' na festival wey the people of Nandom for Upper West Region of Ghana dey celebrate<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=91782</ref>. Dem dey do am to thank the gods for the protection and guidance wey dem get throughout the farming season, and also to mark say the farming season don end. E be time too wey the people for Nandom traditional area go renew their relationships and show off their rich tradition and culture<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-bawumia-celebrates-kakube-festival-with-the-people-of-nandom.html</ref>. == Significance == Dem dey celebrate this festival to thank the family gods and beg them make dem bless the soil and protect the people throughout the farming season<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141025163236/http://www.ghana.travel/ghana/festivals/kakube_festival/</ref>. == Reference == bircfkyeztvirtspjbwy8zx5c6zg684 70322 70321 2025-07-11T09:39:41Z TO THE GAME 1283 70322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kakube Festival''' na festival wey the people of Nandom for Upper West Region of Ghana dey celebrate<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=91782</ref>. Dem dey do am to thank the gods for the protection and guidance wey dem get throughout the farming season, and also to mark say the farming season don end. E be time too wey the people for Nandom traditional area go renew their relationships and show off their rich tradition and culture<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-bawumia-celebrates-kakube-festival-with-the-people-of-nandom.html</ref>. == Significance == Dem dey celebrate this festival to thank the family gods and beg them make dem bless the soil and protect the people throughout the farming season<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141025163236/http://www.ghana.travel/ghana/festivals/kakube_festival/</ref>. == Reference == <references /> [[Category:Festivals insyd Ghana]] eyef36sjm80xhxazt2r0fcql5nevpw2 Kobine festival 0 18615 70323 2025-07-11T10:15:25Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Kobine festival 70323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kobine Festival''' na festival wey the chiefs and people of Lawra for Upper West Region of Ghana dey celebrate. Dem dey do am every year for the month of September<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/festivals.php</ref>. == Reference == l46qaily07f6onz10rjonjlhnmix6w1 70324 70323 2025-07-11T10:15:56Z TO THE GAME 1283 70324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kobine Festival''' na festival wey the chiefs and people of Lawra for Upper West Region of [[Ghana]] dey celebrate. Dem dey do am every year for the month of September<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/festivals.php</ref>. == Reference == smymgtjdzvx92rgpjxhogs17yz5pu9q Edina Bronya Festival 0 18616 70325 2025-07-11T10:23:51Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Edina Bronya festival 70325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edina Bronya Festival''' na yearly harvest festival wey the chiefs and people of Elmina for Central Region of Ghana dey celebrate. The festival be like special Christmas wey start during the time the Dutch people rule the area. Dem dey usually celebrate am every year for the first Thursday of January<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210803080834/https://viewghana.com/edina-bronya-festival-elimina-takes-place-1st-thursday-january/</ref>. == History == After the Portuguese lose fight give the Dutch for 1627, the Dutch come introduce one kind Christmas wey the locals dey call '''Bronya'''. This Bronya happen the same time as the Dutch festival, and e show the bond wey dey between the people of Elmina and the Dutch people<ref>https://viewghana.com/place/edina-bronya-festival/</ref>. == Reference == aiq9g0aew944y9nj6m6jeg8ngc6q0vl 70326 70325 2025-07-11T10:26:43Z TO THE GAME 1283 70326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edina Bronya Festival''' na yearly harvest festival wey the chiefs and people of Elmina for Central Region of Ghana dey celebrate. The festival be like special Christmas wey start during the time the Dutch people rule the area. Dem dey usually celebrate am every year for the first Thursday of January<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210803080834/https://viewghana.com/edina-bronya-festival-elimina-takes-place-1st-thursday-january/</ref>. == History == After the Portuguese lose fight give the Dutch for 1627, the Dutch come introduce one kind Christmas wey the locals dey call '''Bronya'''. This Bronya happen the same time as the Dutch festival, and e show the bond wey dey between the people of Elmina and the Dutch people<ref>https://viewghana.com/place/edina-bronya-festival/</ref>. == Celebrations == Families and friends go come together to celebrate with plenty jollof, drinks, and merry-making. For the night before the festival, the Paramount Chief go fire gunshots exactly midnight to welcome the New Year. The next day, the Paramount Chief go ride for palanquin pass through town. Dem also dey kill sheep in front of Elmina Castle as part of the celebration<ref>https://www.easytrackghana.com/404-no-page.php</ref>. == Reference == 69p042vvzme3e1ll46vgvdeeo0bcoez 70327 70326 2025-07-11T10:28:04Z TO THE GAME 1283 70327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edina Bronya Festival''' na yearly harvest festival wey the chiefs and people of Elmina for Central Region of [[Ghana]] dey celebrate. The festival be like special Christmas wey start during the time the Dutch people rule the area. Dem dey usually celebrate am every year for the first Thursday of January<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210803080834/https://viewghana.com/edina-bronya-festival-elimina-takes-place-1st-thursday-january/</ref>. == History == After the Portuguese lose fight give the Dutch for 1627, the Dutch come introduce one kind Christmas wey the locals dey call '''Bronya'''. This Bronya happen the same time as the Dutch festival, and e show the bond wey dey between the people of Elmina and the Dutch people<ref>https://viewghana.com/place/edina-bronya-festival/</ref>. == Celebrations == Families and friends go come together to celebrate with plenty jollof, drinks, and merry-making. For the night before the festival, the Paramount Chief go fire gunshots exactly midnight to welcome the New Year. The next day, the Paramount Chief go ride for palanquin pass through town. Dem also dey kill sheep in front of Elmina Castle as part of the celebration<ref>https://www.easytrackghana.com/404-no-page.php</ref>. == Reference == t1me70ryhvejirgzcgwlq8qgq1c9qw0 Gbidukor Festival 0 18617 70328 2025-07-11T10:43:59Z TO THE GAME 1283 I create de page Gbidukor festival 70328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gbidukor Festival''' na yearly celebration wey the chiefs and people of Gbi for Volta Region of Ghana dey do. Dem dey usually celebrate am for the month of November. Dem talk say the festival dey rotate between Hohoe and Peki<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190124132543/http://gbidukor.com//subcat_select.cfm?History&corpnews_catid=2&corpnews_scatid=3</ref><ref>https://gbidukor.com/details.cfm?Hohoe,%20Peki%20indigenes%20celebrate%20Gbidukorza%20festival%20with%20health%20walk&corpnews_scatid=12&corpnews_catid=5&corpnews_scatlinkid=110</ref>. == Celebrations == During the festival, everywhere dey shine with pomp and pageantry. Dem go carry the chiefs for palanquin, as people dey drum, sing, and jubilate. Dem also dey use the festival take start new development projects for the community<ref>https://touringghana.com/volta-region/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220118123754/https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/gbidukor-festival/</ref>. == Reference == 7tnlq0fj16km1tj39ya00grfa68r11r Ottoman Empire 0 18618 70329 2025-07-11T10:49:43Z GBOLO STEPHEN 3226 Ottoman Empire 70329 wikitext text/x-wiki The Ottoman Empire (some people dey call am Turkish Empire) be big empire wey rule plenty parts of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from around 14th century go reach early 20th century. Dem still control some parts of southeastern Central Europe from early 1500s go reach early 1700s.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire</ref> Di empire start from one small kingdom (wey dem dey call ''beylik'') for northwestern Anatolia around year 1299, wey one Turkoman chief man wey dem call Osman I form. The people wey come after am conquer plenty parts of Anatolia, then dem move go enter the Balkans by mid-1300s, turn their small kingdom to one big empire wey cross continents.<ref name=":0" /> For 1453, di Ottomans, under Mehmed II, capture Constantinople (di capital of Byzantine Empire) and that na how dem end the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople come be their capital, and dem control big part of the Mediterranean. For six hundred years, dem dey center of things between Middle East and Europe.<ref name=":0" /> Because dem rule over many different people, di empire allow religious and ethnic groups (wey dem dey call ''millets'') to dey manage their own matter under Islamic law, with small-small freedom.<ref name=":0" /> Under di rule of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent for 1500s, the Ottoman Empire turn global power.<ref name=":0" /> Before, people bin believe say after Suleiman die, di empire start to go down. But now, modern scholars dey talk say di empire still strong and flexible reach into 1700s — both for economy, society and military.<ref name=":0" /> But later for late 1700s and early 1800s, dem begin lose war and land. As nationalism rise, new countries come out for the Balkans. For 1800s, dem do some reforms (wey dem call ''Tanzimat'') wey make di empire stronger and better organized inside.<ref name=":0" /> For 1876, dem try change di system go constitutional monarchy, but later Abdul Hamid II turn am back to royal dictatorship, especially during di Great Eastern Crisis.<ref name=":0" /> As 1800s dey go end, some Ottoman scholars and politicians (wey people call ''Young Turks'') start to push for western-style government. Dem do revolution for 1908 under one group called Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), and bring back constitutional monarchy. But after di Balkan Wars go bad, CUP turn more hard and nationalist, then take power by force for 1913.<ref name=":0" /> Around dis same time, as the Ottoman Empire dey collapse and Russia dey pressure, plenty Muslims wey dey live for Balkans, Caucasus and Crimea suffer plenty — many die and many run go what now be modern-day Turkey.<ref name=":0" /> CUP enter World War I join Central Powers. Dem face wahala inside, especially di Arab Revolt. Dem still do genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks.<ref name=":0" /> After World War I, di Allies win and divide Ottoman Empire. UK and France collect di southern parts.<ref name=":0" /> But one Turkish leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, fight back and lead di Turkish War of Independence. Dem defeat di occupying forces, and in 1922 dem remove di sultan (Ottoman king) system. That be how di Republic of Turkey start.<ref name=":0" /> klt2novnb8nzuqo8twr28nf6vi2dotn 70332 70329 2025-07-11T11:04:48Z GBOLO STEPHEN 3226 70332 wikitext text/x-wiki The Ottoman Empire (some people dey call am Turkish Empire) be big empire wey rule plenty parts of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from around 14th century go reach early 20th century. Dem still control some parts of southeastern Central Europe from early 1500s go reach early 1700s.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire</ref> Di empire start from one small kingdom (wey dem dey call ''beylik'') for northwestern Anatolia around year 1299, wey one Turkoman chief man wey dem call Osman I form. The people wey come after am conquer plenty parts of Anatolia, then dem move go enter the Balkans by mid-1300s, turn their small kingdom to one big empire wey cross continents.<ref name=":0" /> For 1453, di Ottomans, under Mehmed II, capture Constantinople (di capital of Byzantine Empire) and that na how dem end the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople come be their capital, and dem control big part of the Mediterranean. For six hundred years, dem dey center of things between Middle East and Europe.<ref name=":0" /> Because dem rule over many different people, di empire allow religious and ethnic groups (wey dem dey call ''millets'') to dey manage their own matter under Islamic law, with small-small freedom.<ref name=":0" /> Under di rule of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent for 1500s, the Ottoman Empire turn global power.<ref name=":0" /> Before, people bin believe say after Suleiman die, di empire start to go down. But now, modern scholars dey talk say di empire still strong and flexible reach into 1700s — both for economy, society and military.<ref name=":0" /> But later for late 1700s and early 1800s, dem begin lose war and land. As nationalism rise, new countries come out for the Balkans. For 1800s, dem do some reforms (wey dem call ''Tanzimat'') wey make di empire stronger and better organized inside.<ref name=":0" /> For 1876, dem try change di system go constitutional monarchy, but later Abdul Hamid II turn am back to royal dictatorship, especially during di Great Eastern Crisis.<ref name=":0" /> As 1800s dey go end, some Ottoman scholars and politicians (wey people call ''Young Turks'') start to push for western-style government. Dem do revolution for 1908 under one group called Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), and bring back constitutional monarchy. But after di Balkan Wars go bad, CUP turn more hard and nationalist, then take power by force for 1913.<ref name=":0" /> Around dis same time, as the Ottoman Empire dey collapse and Russia dey pressure, plenty Muslims wey dey live for Balkans, Caucasus and Crimea suffer plenty — many die and many run go what now be modern-day Turkey.<ref name=":0" /> CUP enter World War I join Central Powers. Dem face wahala inside, especially di Arab Revolt. Dem still do genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks.<ref name=":0" /> After World War I, di Allies win and divide Ottoman Empire. UK and France collect di southern parts.<ref name=":0" /> But one Turkish leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, fight back and lead di Turkish War of Independence. Dem defeat di occupying forces, and in 1922 dem remove di sultan (Ottoman king) system. That be how di Republic of Turkey start.<ref name=":0" /> <references /> == '''Etymology (Where the name come from)''' == The word “Ottoman” come from the name of Osman I, the founder of the empire. Osman na Turkish version of the Arabic name “Uthman.” For Ottoman Turkish, dem dey call the empire ''Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmānīye'', wey mean “Sublime Ottoman State,” or sometimes just ''Devlet-i ʿOsmānīye'', “Ottoman State.”<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire#Etymology</ref> The Turkish word “Osmanlı” first mean the people wey follow Osman for 1300s. Later, dem start dey use am for the empire’s military and government leaders. But dem dey call ordinary villagers and tribesmen “Turks” (Türk), and that word no be compliment if dem use am for educated town people. Those educated ones dey call demself ''Rūmī'' (Roman), as people wey dey live for the old Byzantine territory. Other Muslims too dey call Turkish speakers “Rūmī.”<ref name=":1" /> For Western Europe, people dey mix the names — Ottoman Empire, Turkish Empire, or just Turkey. But from 1920–1923, when the Ankara government come rise, dem choose “Turkey” as the official name. Today, most scholars no dey use "Turkey" or "Turks" when dem dey talk about the Ottomans because the empire be multinational, not just Turkish.<ref name=":1" /> == '''Rise of the Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1453)''' == As the Rum Sultanate begin fall for the 13th century, Anatolia scatter into many small kingdoms (dem dey call am ''Beyliks''). One of dem wey dey Bithynia side near the Byzantine Empire, na Osman I dey lead am. Osman come from one unknown background, and na from ein name we get "Ottoman."<ref name=":0" /> Osman get followers from Turkish tribes and even some Byzantines wey later turn Muslim. He begin conquer small Byzantine towns near Sakarya River. For 1302, Ottomans beat the Byzantines for Battle of Bapheus. Historians no really sure how Ottomans take rise fast, though one old idea na say dem be holy warriors (Ghazis), but scholars today no dey believe that one again.<ref name=":0" /> After Osman, ein son Orhan capture Bursa for 1326 and make am the capital. Dem continue dey expand into the Balkans. For 1387, dem collect Thessaloniki from the Venetians. For 1389, dem win the Battle of Kosovo, wey almost finish Serbian power. Crusaders try stop dem for Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 but dem still fail.<ref name=":0" /> Constantinople still hard to conquer because e dey strategic. For 1402, one Mongol ruler, Timur, invade Ottoman land and beat Sultan Bayezid I. Bayezid land for prison and Ottoman power scatter. Dem fight civil war till 1413 before Mehmed I take control again.<ref name=":0" /> Between 1430s and 1450s, Sultan Murad II take back many lands like Thessaloniki and Kosovo. He beat Crusaders again for the Battle of Varna (1444) and Kosovo (1448). Some scholars believe say the Black Death help the Ottomans expand, as plague weaken Byzantine territories. Slave raiding too be part of dem economic drive to expand.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Expansion and Peak (1453–1566)''' == Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror), pikin of Murad II, reorganize the empire and on May 29, 1453, conquer Constantinople, wey end the Byzantine Empire. Mehmed allow Orthodox Church make dem still operate under Ottoman rule. Plenty Orthodox people actually prefer Ottoman rule than Western Christian powers like Venice.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire#Expansion_and_peak_(1453%E2%80%931566)</ref> Albanians resist Ottoman advance into Italy area.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire#Expansion_and_peak_(1453%E2%80%931566)</ref> For 15th–16th centuries, the empire dey grow. The economy boom as dem control trade routes between Europe and Asia.<ref name=":2" /> Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) conquer eastern and southern areas like Iran (Battle of Chaldiran) and Egypt (wey end the Mamluk Sultanate). He create Ottoman Navy base for Red Sea and start rivalry with Portuguese Empire.<ref name=":2" /> Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) conquer Belgrade, defeat Hungary for Battle of Mohács (1526), and control present-day Hungary. He try take Vienna for 1529 and 1532 but fail.<ref name=":2" /> Dem conquer Baghdad from Persians (1535) and divide the Caucasus with Safavid Iran through Peace of Amasya. West Armenia, West Kurdistan and West Georgia go to Ottomans; the east side go to Persia.<ref name=":2" /> For 1539, Ottoman army take Castelnuovo from Spain but lose 8,000 men. By 1540, Venice surrender most of their Aegean and Morea territories. France and Ottomans become allies against Habsburgs. French join Ottomans for Nice and Corsica campaigns. Suleiman die for 1566, and the empire now cover 3 continents.<ref name=":2" /> Dem become major sea power. As holders of the Caliph title, Ottomans be Muslim leaders globally. Dem fight Christian empires like Spain and Portugal for Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. Ottomans support Muslim allies even far for Southeast Asia (like Aceh).<ref name=":2" /> Barbary pirates from Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli (nominally Ottoman lands) dey raid European coasts and capture ships and slaves.<ref name=":2" /> During the 1600s, Ottomans and Iberians dey balance each other in war, technology and population. People like Jean Bodin and Sansovino even compare Ottoman Empire to Roman Empire.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire#Stagnation_and_reform_(1566%E2%80%931827)</ref> == '''Stagnation and Reform (1566–1827)''' == By late 1500s, inflation and cost of war dey stress the empire. Around 1600, many crises begin affect the government. But dem adapt through reforms to maintain strength, especially for military and economy. Scholars now reject the old belief say the empire enter total decline during this time.<ref name=":3" /> Western Europeans find new sea routes, like the Portuguese going around Cape of Good Hope (1488), and start avoid Ottoman trade monopoly. Still, Ottoman trade survive — Cairo benefit from Yemen coffee trade and rise as economic center in 17th–18th centuries.<ref name=":3" /> For 1571, Crimean Khan under Ottoman command invade Russia and burn Moscow. The next year, Russia stop dem for Battle of Molodi. But Ottoman and Crimean raids into Eastern Europe continue until late 1600s.<ref name=":3" /> Ottomans conquer Cyprus from Venice (1570–1571) and enslave many. But for 1571, Catholics defeat Ottoman navy for Battle of Lepanto. Though the defeat symbolic, e shake Ottoman image of invincibility. But Ottoman navy rebuild fast and Venice sign peace for 1573.<ref name=":3" /> Fighting against Habsburgs for Hungary (1593–1606), Ottomans need more infantry with guns, so dem relax recruitment, wey bring indiscipline and rebellion — like the Celali Rebellions (1590–1610) for Anatolia. Empire population reach 30 million by 1600, so land shortage stress government.<ref name=":3" /> Even with these issues, Ottoman army no collapse. But dem lose many battles to the Safavid dynasty of Persia. Treaty of Nasuh Pasha (1612) give Safavids back the whole Caucasus region.<ref name=":3" /> Sultan Murad IV (1623–1640) bring back central control and take Iraq from Persia (1639). The Treaty of Zuhab that year divide the Caucasus between Ottomans and Safavids — similar to the 1555 Peace of Amasya.<ref name=":3" /> '''Sultanate of Women (1533–1656)''': Women like Kösem Sultan and Turhan Hatice rule on behalf of young sultans. Their rivalry even lead to murder in 1651.<ref name=":3" /> '''Köprülü Era (1656–1703)''': Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family control the empire well. Ottomans take Crete (1669), Transylvania, and parts of Ukraine.<ref name=":3" /> But everything spoil in 1683 during Second Siege of Vienna. Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha delay final attack, and Ottoman army scatter by Habsburg, German, and Polish forces led by Polish King John III Sobieski.<ref name=":3" /> Holy League use that advantage to push Ottoman forces back. The 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz make Ottomans lose plenty land for good.<ref name=":3" /> Mustafa II (1695–1703) try to fight back, but for 1697, Ottoman army lose big time for Battle of Zenta.<ref name=":3" /> 9dullewtqpzycreg4m79frqm7utq8e5 Paul Acheampong Cofie Atuahene 0 18619 70331 2025-07-11T10:56:41Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Acheampong Cofie Atuahene''' (born 11 September 1923) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Tan-Banda constituency from 1965 go 1966. bxgdw3tp4a8g0vbjpnuaiv9qgpl1smv 70333 70331 2025-07-11T11:06:14Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Acheampong Cofie Atuahene''' (born 11 September 1923) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Tan-Banda constituency from 1965 go 1966. == Early life den education == Dem born Atuahene on 11 September 1923 for Wenchi. He train as teacher den qualify plus Teachers' Certificate 'A'. == Career den politics == Atuahene serve as de first Asa Youth Association secretary for Wenchi from 1939 go 1950. He be organizer, den later become secretary for United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) for Wenchi between 1946 and 1949. For 1949, he switch go Convention People's Party (CPP) den serve as de first constituency chairman for de party inside Wenchi district. From 1955 go 1960, he serve as national den regional executive for de party. For 1959, dem appoint am camp superintendent for Workers Brigade, den for 1960 he become CPP Eastern Regional organiser. For 1963, dem appoint am Regional Education secretary for CPP, den for 1965 he become member of parliament for Tan-Banda constituency. hayttz6s3lhj7f318b22x6enjvn6qb7 70334 70333 2025-07-11T11:10:35Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Acheampong Cofie Atuahene''' (born 11 September 1923) be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of parliament for Tan-Banda constituency from 1965 go 1966. == Early life den education == Dem born Atuahene on 11 September 1923 for Wenchi. He train as teacher den qualify plus Teachers' Certificate 'A'. == Career den politics == Atuahene serve as de first Asa Youth Association secretary for Wenchi from 1939 go 1950. He be organizer, den later become secretary for United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) for Wenchi between 1946 and 1949. For 1949, he switch go Convention People's Party (CPP) den serve as de first constituency chairman for de party inside Wenchi district. From 1955 go 1960, he serve as national den regional executive for de party. For 1959, dem appoint am camp superintendent for Workers Brigade, den for 1960 he become CPP Eastern Regional organiser. For 1963, dem appoint am Regional Education secretary for CPP, den for 1965 he become member of parliament for Tan-Banda constituency. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == ncywuaaqqes1isu1t6dda59zd82q7ux Awani Akuguri 0 18620 70335 2025-07-11T11:16:41Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Awani Akuguri''' be a Ghanaian politician insyd de first republic. He be de member of parliament for de Zebilla constituency from 1965 to 1966. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == m7sph60ihtep5n9dor45pprh1r7wixa Jambaidu Awuni 0 18621 70336 2025-07-11T11:19:44Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jambaidu Awuni''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of de Legislative Assembly wey represent Northern Territories under Northern People's Party (NPP) from 1951 go 1954. Dem re-elect am into de legislative for 1956 make he represent Kusasi Central constituency from 1956 till 1965. skf3cpgoe6rv57tze9h9fssg49pkno0 70337 70336 2025-07-11T11:21:11Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jambaidu Awuni''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He be member of de Legislative Assembly wey represent Northern Territories under Northern People's Party (NPP) from 1951 go 1954. Dem re-elect am into de legislative for 1956 make he represent Kusasi Central constituency from 1956 till 1965. Wen de Bawku Naba (Bawku chief) die, Awuni support ein uncle make dem enskin am as de new Bawku Naba, but e no succeed. Awuni blame Mumuni Bawumia for de failure den feel say he no fit remain member of NPP so far as Mumuni Bawumia still dey inside de party. He then resign from NPP den cross carpet go join Convention People's Party (CPP) backbenchers for parliament for August 1957. For 1965, he become member of parliament for Garu constituency. He remain for parliament till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1954 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 1au6y1y4ytjzmhmtq2po03wtkd7or7j Baba Ayagiba 0 18622 70338 2025-07-11T11:22:45Z KISUMAR123 1270 create new article 70338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baba Ayagiba''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He serve as member of parliament for Bawku constituency from 1956 go 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. He contest for de Bawku seat plus Adam Amandi of de Northern People's Party, wey represent de electoral area for Legislative Assembly from 1954 go 1956. Before he enter parliament, Ayagiba be public servant. He be learner for Agricultural Institute for Zuarungu. He qualify for 1950 den dem appoint am as Agricultural Assistant for Ministry of Agriculture. He remain for dat position till he enter parliament for July 1956. ot6qffvazvec55uhazo2rn45pq4wta8 70339 70338 2025-07-11T11:23:20Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baba Ayagiba''' be Ghanaian politician during de first republic. He serve as member of parliament for Bawku constituency from 1956 go 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. He contest for de Bawku seat plus Adam Amandi of de Northern People's Party, wey represent de electoral area for Legislative Assembly from 1954 go 1956. Before he enter parliament, Ayagiba be public servant. He be learner for Agricultural Institute for Zuarungu. He qualify for 1950 den dem appoint am as Agricultural Assistant for Ministry of Agriculture. He remain for dat position till he enter parliament for July 1956. == Sanso see == * List of MLAs elected in the 1956 Gold Coast legislative election * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == lpuflgb2rtk25jk9wgejsxeoh7d8hwq Grace Ayensu 0 18623 70341 2025-07-11T11:26:39Z KISUMAR123 1270 create new article 70341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ayensu''' be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Western Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Gomoa constituency from 1965 go 1966. Ayensu be one of de first women wey enter Ghana parliament for 1960 under de Representation of the People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 under Convention People's Party (CPP) ticket. nr5ag3nfpjqzljiavgem4irrtld7a8y 70342 70341 2025-07-11T11:28:35Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ayensu''' be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Western Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Gomoa constituency from 1965 go 1966. Ayensu be one of de first women wey enter Ghana parliament for 1960 under de Representation of the People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 under Convention People's Party (CPP) ticket. == Early life den education == Dem born Grace on 24 September 1914 for Elmina. She get ein education for St. Peter's School for Sekondi den Elmina Convent for Elmina from 1921 go 1927. == Career den politics == Ayensu lef school den start trade for 1928. She dey trade textiles, provisions den hardware. Plus de trading, she dey involved insyd timber business from 1941 go 1958. Ayensu volunteer for plenty organizations, including serving as de first woman President for Sekondi/Takoradi Consumers' Cooperative Society for 1945, den patron for Sekondi/Takoradi branch of de National Youth League for early 1950s. For 1954, she win election as member of Sekondi/Takoradi Municipal Council. Dat same year, Department of Social Welfare give am certificate of honour plus badge for her voluntary services inside Sekondi/Takoradi Municipality. She serve insyd de Municipal Council till 1960. As she dey serve there, she be part of Women Delegation to Ceylon for 1958. She be second Vice President of de National Federation of Ghana Women den President of de federation for Sekondi/Takoradi District. She serve on de Board of Governors for Sekondi College den Fijai Day Secondary School. She sana serve on de Hospital and Prisons Visiting Committee. On 27 June 1960, dem elect am as member of parliament as de first member for Western Region. For July 1965, she become member of parliament for Gomoa constituency. For September dat same year, dem appoint am chairperson of de State Bakery Corporation. She hold all dis positions till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. cr23qi5aavqr33txsmr3l9lqsh5f7a5 70343 70342 2025-07-11T11:29:39Z KISUMAR123 1270 Improve article 70343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ayensu''' be Ghanaian politician. She be member of parliament wey represent Western Region from 1960 go 1965, den member of parliament for Gomoa constituency from 1965 go 1966. Ayensu be one of de first women wey enter Ghana parliament for 1960 under de Representation of the People (Women Members) Act. She be among de 10 women wey dem elect unopposed on 27 June 1960 under Convention People's Party (CPP) ticket. == Early life den education == Dem born Grace on 24 September 1914 for Elmina. She get ein education for St. Peter's School for Sekondi den Elmina Convent for Elmina from 1921 go 1927. == Career den politics == Ayensu lef school den start trade for 1928. She dey trade textiles, provisions den hardware. Plus de trading, she dey involved insyd timber business from 1941 go 1958. Ayensu volunteer for plenty organizations, including serving as de first woman President for Sekondi/Takoradi Consumers' Cooperative Society for 1945, den patron for Sekondi/Takoradi branch of de National Youth League for early 1950s. For 1954, she win election as member of Sekondi/Takoradi Municipal Council. Dat same year, Department of Social Welfare give am certificate of honour plus badge for her voluntary services inside Sekondi/Takoradi Municipality. She serve insyd de Municipal Council till 1960. As she dey serve there, she be part of Women Delegation to Ceylon for 1958. She be second Vice President of de National Federation of Ghana Women den President of de federation for Sekondi/Takoradi District. She serve on de Board of Governors for Sekondi College den Fijai Day Secondary School. She sana serve on de Hospital and Prisons Visiting Committee. On 27 June 1960, dem elect am as member of parliament as de first member for Western Region. For July 1965, she become member of parliament for Gomoa constituency. For September dat same year, dem appoint am chairperson of de State Bakery Corporation. She hold all dis positions till February 1966 wey Nkrumah ein government get overthrown. == Personal life == Grace Ayensu marry administrator wey work plus Ghana Railways. She get ten children. Her son, Edward S. Ayensu, wey now die, be international development advisor for science, technology den economic development. Her hobbies be gardening den singing. She die on 11 February 1975. == Sanso see == * List of MPs elected in the 1965 Ghanaian parliamentary election == References == 2i1yexaob8ejen2mx8csbn9n0mxn6xs African Economic Dependence and Calls for Debt Cancellation 0 18624 70345 2025-07-11T11:36:36Z Domatieha 3228 Created page with "== African Economic Dendence and Calls For deft Cancellation == == Introduction == African countries dey face de increasing calls for dem to cancel de dept due to combination of factors including high dept to GDP ratios,deir economic instability exacerbated by de global events, and de need for dem to increase investment in development and climate resilience.Many African countries dey struggling to meet dept obligations while dem dey addressing pressing social and envir..." 70345 wikitext text/x-wiki == African Economic Dendence and Calls For deft Cancellation == == Introduction == African countries dey face de increasing calls for dem to cancel de dept due to combination of factors including high dept to GDP ratios,deir economic instability exacerbated by de global events, and de need for dem to increase investment in development and climate resilience.Many African countries dey struggling to meet dept obligations while dem dey addressing pressing social and environmental needs. = Factors wey contribute to Dept Distress<ref><nowiki>https://data.one.org/analysis/african-debt#:~:text=Africa's%20debt%20is%20at%20its,high%20risk%20of%20debt%20distress</nowiki>.</ref> = High dept levels: Many countries wey dey Africa dey see dept to GDP ratios dey rise significantly in recent years,with some reaching levels deemed unsustainable. Global Economic Shocks: Events lyk COVID-19 pandemic,war wey dey Ukraine,and rising inflation have badly impacted African Economies,which dey make it harder to service existing debt = Limited fiscal space: = === Limited Fiscal space: === High dept dey give wahala and restrict the ability of African governments to invest in de essential services lyk healthcare, education,and infrastructure. === Climate change: === Climate change dey affect de African nations,and de cost wey dey adapting to and mitigating it's impacts wey add to dier financial burdens. M<ref><nowiki>https://data.one.org/analysis/african-debt#:~:text=Africa's%20debt%20is%20at%20its,high%20risk%20of%20debt%20distress</nowiki>.</ref> 35k8kutkiq8cts93n189e1675o7j464 70347 70345 2025-07-11T11:39:12Z Domatieha 3228 70347 wikitext text/x-wiki == African Economic Dendence and Calls For deft Cancellation == == Introduction == African countries dey face de increasing calls for dem to cancel de dept due to combination of factors including high dept to GDP ratios,deir economic instability exacerbated by de global events, and de need for dem to increase investment in development and climate resilience.Many African countries dey struggling to meet dept obligations while dem dey addressing pressing social and environmental needs. = Factors wey contribute to Dept Distress<ref><nowiki>https://data.one.org/analysis/african-debt#:~:text=Africa's%20debt%20is%20at%20its,high%20risk%20of%20debt%20distress</nowiki>.</ref> = High dept levels: Many countries wey dey Africa dey see dept to GDP ratios dey rise significantly in recent years,with some reaching levels deemed unsustainable. Global Economic Shocks: Events lyk COVID-19 pandemic,war wey dey Ukraine,and rising inflation have badly impacted African Economies,which dey make it harder to service existing debt = Limited fiscal space: = === Limited Fiscal space: === High dept dey give wahala and restrict the ability of African governments to invest in de essential services lyk healthcare, education,and infrastructure. === Climate change: === Climate change dey affect de African nations,and de cost wey dey adapting to and mitigating it's impacts wey add to dier financial burdens. M<ref><nowiki>https://data.one.org/analysis/african-debt#:~:text=Africa's%20debt%20is%20at%20its,high%20risk%20of%20debt%20distress</nowiki>.</ref> == References == 3l2tqp0l8yd3htttixw9euzi56fvim3